No description available.

The radiation heat transfer from an argon and a nitrogen transferred-arc column to a cylindrical enclosure was measured. The rate of heat transfer was successfully correlated in a non-dimensional manner, with respect to the arc length within the enclosure and the enclosure diameter for the section of the arc column located within the enclosure, and with respect to the arc length outside the enclosure and the enclosure diameter for the section of the arc column outside the enclosure. / It was discovered that tangential injection of a particulate feed material into the cylindrical enclosure led to the formation of destabilizing lump-like deposits on the roof and wall of the enclosure. Feeding vertically through the roof of the enclosure in the presence of a vortex resulted in the formation of a uniform film deposit and stable operation. Under these conditions, up to 49% of the incident radiant energy emanating from the arc column to the sleeve surface was absorbed by the feed. / The carbothermic reduction of a fine (3-10$ mu$m) V$ sb2$O$ sb5$ powder in the plasma furnace resulted in the production of a commercial ferrovanadium alloy of controllable vanadium content. Particulate losses to the exhaust gases were very low, in the order of 2%. Specific energy consumption was 17kWh/kg of vanadium produced. Based on the results of these tests, specific energy consumption at a larger scale would be reduced by at least 50%.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69).

The plasma jet, a commonly used ignition device, has been investigated as a source of acoustic energy suitable for sub-bottom profiling. Named the plasma gun, the device discharges electrical energy in a cylindrical arc ignited in a gaseous environment surrounded by water. When the arc energy evaporates water, it produces a rapidly expanding vapor bubble that creates the acoustic pressure wave. Acoustic properties of the device are similar to small explosives, and to electric sparkers. Multiple bubble oscillations, a problem of explosive-type sources, are generally less troublesome for the plasma gun than with the sparker sources. Some degree of frequency control of the acoustic pulse is possible if proper values are selected for the electrical circuit components and for the total stored electrical energy. Peak acoustic pressures are controlled both by the total electric energy and by the rate it is delivered to the arc. These quantities are determined by capacitance, inductance, and charging voltage. Frequency components of the primary pressure pulse depend on the arc discharge frequency and on the immersion depth of the device. The bubble period depends primarily on the amount of energy discharged into the water; this in turn is proportional to the total stored electrical energy. The plasma gun has been compared to small air guns, pingers, sparkers, and boomers. Sub-bottom profiles obtained show penetration less than the 1 in3 air gun but with more resolution. Stored energy in the plasma gun, however, was nearly five times less. Penetration was equal and resolution better than electric sparkers of the same energy. Penetration was better and resolution poorer than the pinger, and resolution poorer and penetration slightly better than the boomer source. Except for the sparkers, which used the same power supply, the plasma gun has a decided advantage in equipment size and ease of deployment. / Graduate

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by José Converti. / Ph.D.

No description available.

A stable transferred arc was produced with plasmagas containing up to 20 percent molar TiCl$ sb4$ in argon, helium and argon/hydrogen mixtures. This was achieved by replacing the commonly-used thoriated tungsten cathode tip with a tantalum carbide tip. Thus, corrosive reactions at the cathode surface, which were shown to be the cause of the observed instability, were prevented. This allowed the characteristics of stable titanium tetrachloride plasmas in a transferred arc reactor to be investigated. / Furthermore, an investigation was conducted into the feasibility of collecting titanium metal from the dissociated TiCl$ sb4$ molecule in the plasmagas. The titanium metal was collected in a molten bath, which also served as the anode in the transferred arc system. Three anode bath compositions were used in this study. Two of them, namely titanium and zirconium, were not able to reduce recombined titanium subchlorides in the bath. The third aluminum, was a reducing bath. When aluminum was used, about 60 percent of all titanium fed into the reactor was collected. / Finally, phenomena occurring on the surface of a thoriated tungsten cathode were studied in a transferred-arc reactor using argon or helium as the plasmagas. The effect of cathode geometry on the rate and mechanisms of cathode erosion were investigated. It was shown that the surface temperature of flat-tip cathodes operating in argon is near the melting point of tungsten. On the other hand, the surface temperature of flat-tip cathodes operating in helium and pointed-tip cathodes operating in either helium or argon are near the boiling point of tungsten. Some of the material vapourized from the cathode was redeposited on the cathode surface, forming crystals whose morphology and composition depended on their distance from the arc root and the plasmagas composition.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:28:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 riccicastro_ahr_me_guara.pdf: 3388270 bytes, checksum: 0073d417f934e17670d45fab7a42f0a1 (MD5) / O tratamento com plasma não térmico é um dos métodos mais limpos e baratos para modi car as propriedades super ciais dos polímeros. Os polímeros tratados têm importantes aplicações na indústria e na medicina. Ele permite introduzir ou modi car grupos quí- micos na superfície polimérica sem alterar o seu volume. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um jato de plasma a pressão atmosférica, que foi utilizado no tratamento de superfícies de polietileno e policarbonato. O jato operou com argônio e hélio a pressão atmosférica. O estudo foi centrado em caracterizar o jato de plasma e os efeitos dele sobre a superfície dos polímeros. Neste contexto, primeiro foi estudado o jato de plasma, no qual pode se observar como a pluma do plasma variou com a tensão e o uxo do gás. Análise por espectroscopia óptica de emissão (OES) mostrou as espécias ativas geradas no plasma, e aquelas geradas pela interação do plasma com o ar. Medidas elétricas mostra que a carga transferida e a potência associada ao jato de plasma, variam com a separação do bocal do jato de plasma com a plataforma porta amostras, a potência média varia de forma direta com a tensão aplicada. Posteriormente foram estudados os efeitos na superfície dos polímeros tratados com jato de plasma. Estes efeitos foram relacionados com o tempo de tratamento. Foram utilizadas microscopia de força atômica (AFM), análise por fotoel étrons de raios X (XPS), espectroscopia infravermelha com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e medida de ângulo de contato para investigar as superfícies dos polímeros antes e após tratamento por plasma. A análise com AFM mostrou que os polímeros apresentaram diferentes topogra as da superfícies, antes e após tratamento. As amostras tratadas mostraram uma diminuição na medida do ângulo de contato, no caso de polietileno as medidas variaram de 91... / Non-thermal plasma treatment is one of the cleanest methods to modify super cial properties of polymers, that have important applications in industry and medicine. Nonthermal plasma allows to introduce and or modify chemical groups on the polymeric surface without altering its bulk properties. In this work a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure was developed and utilized in surface treatment of polyethylene and polycarbonate. The plasma jet operated at atmospheric pressure with Argon and Helium. The study focused on plasma jet characterization and its e ect on polymer surfaces. Within this context, rst was investigation how the plasma plume varied with the applied tension and the gas ow. The optical emission spectroscopy identi ed the active species generated within the plasma and those generated by interaction between plasma and air. Electric measurements shows that the transferred charge and the power associated of the plasma jet vary with the space between the nozzle of plasma jet and the sample platform. The mean jet power scales with associated the applied tension. Afterwards, the e ects on polymer surface induced by plasma jet were studied. These e ects were directly related to the treatment time. Treated polymers were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and through water contact angle measurements. Analysis with AFM showed that polymers present di erent surface topographies before and after the treatment. Treated samples exhibit reduction of their water contact angle; on the polyethylene case, tha WCA change from 91 degrees to 36 degrees. For polycarbonate it decreased from 71 degrees to 20 degrees after the plasma treatment. The analyses with XPS and FTIR of treated samples showed that plasma... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Konstantin Georgiev Kostov / Coorientador: Carina Barros Mello / Banca: Rogério Pinto Mota / Banca: Gilberto Petraconi Filho / Resumo: O tratamento com plasma não térmico é um dos métodos mais limpos e baratos para modi car as propriedades super ciais dos polímeros. Os polímeros tratados têm importantes aplicações na indústria e na medicina. Ele permite introduzir ou modi car grupos quí- micos na superfície polimérica sem alterar o seu volume. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um jato de plasma a pressão atmosférica, que foi utilizado no tratamento de superfícies de polietileno e policarbonato. O jato operou com argônio e hélio a pressão atmosférica. O estudo foi centrado em caracterizar o jato de plasma e os efeitos dele sobre a superfície dos polímeros. Neste contexto, primeiro foi estudado o jato de plasma, no qual pode se observar como a pluma do plasma variou com a tensão e o uxo do gás. Análise por espectroscopia óptica de emissão (OES) mostrou as espécias ativas geradas no plasma, e aquelas geradas pela interação do plasma com o ar. Medidas elétricas mostra que a carga transferida e a potência associada ao jato de plasma, variam com a separação do bocal do jato de plasma com a plataforma porta amostras, a potência média varia de forma direta com a tensão aplicada. Posteriormente foram estudados os efeitos na superfície dos polímeros tratados com jato de plasma. Estes efeitos foram relacionados com o tempo de tratamento. Foram utilizadas microscopia de força atômica (AFM), análise por fotoel étrons de raios X (XPS), espectroscopia infravermelha com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e medida de ângulo de contato para investigar as superfícies dos polímeros antes e após tratamento por plasma. A análise com AFM mostrou que os polímeros apresentaram diferentes topogra as da superfícies, antes e após tratamento. As amostras tratadas mostraram uma diminuição na medida do ângulo de contato, no caso de polietileno as medidas variaram de 91... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Non-thermal plasma treatment is one of the cleanest methods to modify super cial properties of polymers, that have important applications in industry and medicine. Nonthermal plasma allows to introduce and or modify chemical groups on the polymeric surface without altering its bulk properties. In this work a plasma jet at atmospheric pressure was developed and utilized in surface treatment of polyethylene and polycarbonate. The plasma jet operated at atmospheric pressure with Argon and Helium. The study focused on plasma jet characterization and its e ect on polymer surfaces. Within this context, rst was investigation how the plasma plume varied with the applied tension and the gas ow. The optical emission spectroscopy identi ed the active species generated within the plasma and those generated by interaction between plasma and air. Electric measurements shows that the transferred charge and the power associated of the plasma jet vary with the space between the nozzle of plasma jet and the sample platform. The mean jet power scales with associated the applied tension. Afterwards, the e ects on polymer surface induced by plasma jet were studied. These e ects were directly related to the treatment time. Treated polymers were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and through water contact angle measurements. Analysis with AFM showed that polymers present di erent surface topographies before and after the treatment. Treated samples exhibit reduction of their water contact angle; on the polyethylene case, tha WCA change from 91 degrees to 36 degrees. For polycarbonate it decreased from 71 degrees to 20 degrees after the plasma treatment. The analyses with XPS and FTIR of treated samples showed that plasma... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre