No description available.

Composting trials were undertaken to study the feasibility of using crucifer or carrot residues with straw or sawdust for composting. Compost temperature and moisture were monitored regularly, and compost samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics at the beginning in the fall, before turning in spring, and at the end of each composting cycle. A geotextile cover was tested. Compost leachate volumes were measured throughout the two composting cycles. In addition, the leachate was submitted to phytotoxicity tests and physico-chemical analyses. Selected phytopathogens were introduced in the compost in order to assess their potential for survival during the composting process. Three pathogens having resistant survival structures were included: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum , and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Greenhouse growth trials were performed with compost-enriched media and a commercial mix. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-11T12:50:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Eduardo Spitz de Carvalho.pdf: 2778180 bytes, checksum: 34e805f58061af534403ec60b6659541 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T12:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Eduardo Spitz de Carvalho.pdf: 2778180 bytes, checksum: 34e805f58061af534403ec60b6659541 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / The municipality of Nova Friburgo is an important producer of brassica, in the Alto Rio Grande region, mainly cauliflower. This culture of great economic value has suffered with the incidence of clubroot causing huge losses, reaching 100% loss. For the prevention of the disease, it is necessary to understand that there is imbalance on the environment and that a change in the soil and crop management is crucial. In the region, young people have great importance in the production process and many of them study in technical courses offered by CEFFA (Centro Familiar de Forma??o por Altern?ncia) Col?gio Estadual Agr?cola (CEA) Rei Alberto I. The courses offered at the school work with the Pedagogy of Alternation. The aim of this study was to build with farmers and their children brassica crop management opportunities for minimizing impact of clubroot disease, with the association of local and academic knowledge. Therefore, we applied two questionnaires, one with 123 students from CEFFA CEA Rei Alberto I to the selection of the Production Units who grow brassicas and present incidence of clubroot, the other one, with 48 students, seeking to characterize the production systems, as for the topography, the main crops, and management strategies used to control the disease. At the end we selected eight production units (PUs) in different watersheds, distributed in the territorial space of the 3rd district, which were characterized by the history of clubroot in the production area, the forms of tillage, acidity correction and fertilization, seedlings source, planting season, crop rotation strategies, source of irrigation water and established strategies for coexistence with clubroot. Later, there were quality assessments of the soil, the health of crops and the potential for clubroot with students and their parents in each of the UPs. Soil samples were collected for fertility analysis. Then, there was a return of the reviews for farmers so they exchanged their joining knowledge. The management practices identified in the production units (PUs) evaluated in the 3rd District of Nova Friburgo- RJ have contributed to the spread and incidence of the disease. To live with the disease a change in the local production system design is necessary, pointing to new strategies regarding the encouragement of biotic and nutritional balance of soil and crop over the pathogen. The use of indicators to assess the local impact of potential hernia of cruciferous was efficient to point out the bottlenecks in the production of brassica system against the disease. The highly acidic pH and low Ca++ content in the soil, associated with frequent mechanization without cleaning the equipment might explain the high incidence of clubroot in the production units. The PUs require monitoring over time through evaluations of agro-ecosystems, using the tools presented in this study, as well as actions aimed at promoting the indicators towards sustainability, thus leading to the balance of soil, crops and biota / O munic?pio de Nova Friburgo ? importante produtor de br?ssicas na regi?o do Alto Rio Grande, principalmente, couve-flor. Esta cultura de grande valor econ?mico para o munic?pio vem sofrendo com a incid?ncia da h?rnia das cruc?feras com preju?zos de at? 100% de perda. Para preven??o da doen?a ? necess?rio o entendimento de que h? desequil?brio no ambiente e que a mudan?a no manejo do solo e da cultura ? imprescind?vel. Na regi?o, os jovens t?m grande import?ncia no processo de produ??o e grande parte desses estuda em cursos t?cnicos no CEFFA (Centro Familiar de Forma??o por Altern?ncia) Col?gio Estadual Agr?cola (CEA) Rei Alberto I, que funcionam com a Pedagogia da Altern?ncia. O objetivo desse trabalho foi construir participativamente junto aos agricultores e seus filhos possibilidades de manejo de cultivo de br?ssicas para o conv?vio com a doen?a h?rnia das cruc?feras, a partir da associa??o de conhecimentos locais e acad?micos. Para tanto, aplicou-se dois question?rios, um com os 123 alunos do CEFFA CEA Rei Alberto I para a sele??o das Unidades Produtivas que cultivam br?ssicas e que apresentam incid?ncia de h?rnia, o outro com 48 desses alunos, buscando caracterizar os sistemas de produ??o, quanto ao relevo, principais cultivos, e estrat?gias de manejo utilizadas para o controle da h?rnia. Ao final foram selecionadas oito unidades de produ??o (UPs) em diferentes microbacias, distribu?das no espa?o territorial do 3? distrito, as quais foram caracterizadas, quanto ao hist?rico da h?rnia das cruc?feras na ?rea de produ??o, formas de preparo do solo, corre??o da acidez e aduba??o, origem das mudas, ?poca do ano de plantio, estrat?gias de rota??o de cultivos, a origem da ?gua de irriga??o e as estrat?gias estabelecidas para a conviv?ncia com a h?rnia das cruc?feras. Posteriormente, foram avaliadas a qualidade do solo, a sanidade dos cultivos e a potencialidade para a h?rnia das cruc?feras, com os alunos e seus pais em cada UP. Foi coletado solos para an?lise de fertilidade. Posteriormente, foram retornadas as avalia??es para que os agricultores trocassem seus saberes. As pr?ticas de manejo identificadas nas unidades de produ??o (UPs) avaliadas do 3? Distrito de Nova Friburgo contribuem para dissemina??o e incid?ncia da doen?a. Para conviv?ncia com a doen?a deve ser mudada a concep??o do sistema produtivo local, apontando para novas estrat?gias para favorecimento do equil?brio bi?tico e nutricional do solo e das culturas em detrimento ao pat?geno. O uso de indicadores para avaliar a potencialidade de incid?ncia local da h?rnia das cruc?feras apontou os gargalos no sistema produtivo de br?ssicas em rela??o a doen?a. Os valores de pH, fortemente ?cidos, e os baixos teores de Ca no solo, associados a mecaniza??o frequente e sem limpeza dos equipamentos explicam a alta incid?ncia da h?rnia das cruc?feras nas unidades produtivas. As UPs necessitam acompanhamento ao longo do tempo, com avalia??es dos agroecossistemas, usando ferramentas como as apresentadas neste estudo, assim como a??es para promo??o dos indicadores no sentido da sustentabilidade, logo o equil?brio do solo, dos cultivos e da biota

The effects of diurnal temperature fluctuation and the utility of degree days for modeling clubroot on canola (Brassica napus L.) caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin were assessed using microscopy and qPCR, and in field trials. Temperature fluctuation had little effect on pathogen development. The optimal temperature for root hair infection was 25° C. Air and soil degree days and rainfall were used as metrics for estimating clubroot development, with only limited success. Several cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) with unknown clubroot resistance mechanism(s) were assessed using staining and microscopy, and qPCR. In field trials, ‘Bronco’ was susceptible to clubroot (100 DSI), ‘Kilaherb’ was resistant (0 DSI), and ‘B-2819’ was intermediate (53 DSI). Plasmodiophora brassicae was present in cortical tissue of all cultivars. A delayed disease phenotype in ‘B-2819’ may indicate a quantitative resistance genotype that could be exploited in research on resistance genes and breeding.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers. Research on P. brassicae in the Czech Republic is therefore important for the development of effective strategies to manage clubroot under Czech environmental conditions. One of the aims of this study was monitoring of this pathogen. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Since 2010, oilseed rape clubroot started to spread across the whole country, whereas it had previously only been observed in the northeast. Clubroot occurrence was monitored for five years by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors on the basis of disease symptoms present on oilseed rape fields. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms were reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký Region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested by conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the possibility of their usage. All 14 suspected samples tested positive by PCR. The next aim was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistants reactions, there was a total of five pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 10 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50%, there were five pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al. and 8 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Pathotypes 7 by Williams was the most frequent in both thresholds. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR. Experiments with P. brassicae-resistant cultivars of winter oilseed rape were conducted in an infested field and greenhouse. In the greenhouse, six resistant cultivars were grown in infested soil collected from various fields in the Czech Republic and assessed for index of disease (ID %). The best results bring cultivar Mentor (2+- 0.7 %) closely followed by cultivar SY Alister (5+-1.1 %), the highest ID had cultivar CHW 241 (30+-3.8%). In the field experiment, seven resistant cultivars were grown, and disease development was monitored monthly. The lowest index of disease brought cultivar Andromeda (3+- 0.8 %) and PT 235 (4+-1.5 %), the highest ID has cultivar CWH 241(46 +- 6.5 %) in the first season and in the second season any cultivar achieved 25 % ID. Yields were measured at the end of the cropping season. The highest yield was achieved by cultivar SY Alister (6.1 t/ha) in the first season and cultivar PT 242 (5.03 t/ha) in the second season. The inoculum level was measured across the field by (qPCR), and a map of the infestation was created. The highest spore concentration was found on the field entrance. Collectively, the information obtained on the effectiveness of host resistance and pathogenic diversity of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic may help to more effectively manage clubroot in this country.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rosa_dd_dr_botfca.pdf: 3769642 bytes, checksum: 6f5fb83fe76a081fea96b890323e30f2 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Dentro do setor de horticultura, as plantas da família Brassicaceae são de grande expressão, tanto em volume, como em valor agregado na comercialização, por isso, destaca-se o cultivo intensivo de brassicas, como as variedades de Brassica oleraceae L. (Couve, repolho, Couve-flor, Brócolos, Couve de Bruxelas), Brassica napus L. e Brassica oleraceae L. var. pekinensis L. (Couve chinesa), sendo a base de sustentação econômica dos pequenos e médios produtores de hortaliças. Como outras culturas de plantio intensivo, as brassicas também enfrentam inúmeros problemas com doenças, dentre estes está a “hérnia das crucíferas”, doença de enorme risco potencial ao produtor, visto seu difícil ou inexistente controle e por condenar a área, impedindo futuros cultivos de brassicas. O agente causal da “hérnia das crucíferas” (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) é um endoparasita obrigatório, pertencente ao reino Protozoa, habitante do solo, sendo um dos fitopatógenos de solo menos estudados no mundo, mas sabe-se que este apresenta raças patogênicas, ou patotipos, sendo que algumas dessas já são conhecidas, principalmente os que ocorrem na Europa e no Japão sabem-se, também, que estas raças “quebram”, com certa freqüência, a pouca resistência que os melhoristas conseguem incorporar nas variedades comerciais, fazendo com que quase não haja variedade resistente disponível no mercado, principalmente ao mercado brasileiro onde, possivelmente, haja raças ainda não relatadas. O objetivo deste estudo visou conhecer a variabilidade genética e patogênica de isolados de P. brassicae oriundos das principais regiões produtoras de Brassicas do estado de São Paulo, utilizando para isso: a) testes em variedade diferenciais, nacionais e importadas, com isolados monospóricos e não monospóricos para determinação das raças; b) estudo da agressividade dos isolados frente... / Within the horticulture sector, the plants of the Brassicaceae family are widespread in both volume and value-added marketing, so we highlight the intensive cultivation of brassicas, such as varieties of Brassica oleracea L. (Kale, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts), Brassica napus L. and Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis L. (Chinese cabbage), and the basis of economic support for small and medium producers of vegetables. Like other intensive planting crops, the brassicas are also facing many problems with diseases, among these is the club root, disease of great potential risk to the producer, because its difficult or no control and order the area, preventing future crops brassicas. The agent causal of the club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) is an obligatory endoparasites belonging to the kingdom Protozoa, inhabitant of soil, being one of the pathogens in soil less studied in the world, but it is known that this presents pathogenic races, or pathotypes, and some of these are already known, especially those taking place in Europe and Japan knows it, too, that these races break with some frequency, the little resistance that breeders can incorporate into commercial varieties, making that almost no resistant variety available in the market, especially the Brazilian market where perhaps there is not race related. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability and pathogenic isolates of P. brassicae come from the main producing regions Brassicas state of Sao Paulo, using for this: a) testing range differential, domestic and imported, with no single spores and spore for the determination of races, b) study of the aggressiveness of the isolates in the face of cultivars available in the market, c) study of genetic variability within and between populations, using markers RAPD and Microsatellite d) genetic characterization through sequencing of genetic regions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Edson Luiz Furtado / Banca: Marli Teixeira de Almeida Minhoni / Banca: Cesar Junior Bueno / Banca: Juliana Cristina Sodário Cruz / Banca: Kátia Regiane Brunelli / Resumo: Dentro do setor de horticultura, as plantas da família Brassicaceae são de grande expressão, tanto em volume, como em valor agregado na comercialização, por isso, destaca-se o cultivo intensivo de brassicas, como as variedades de Brassica oleraceae L. (Couve, repolho, Couve-flor, Brócolos, Couve de Bruxelas), Brassica napus L. e Brassica oleraceae L. var. pekinensis L. (Couve chinesa), sendo a base de sustentação econômica dos pequenos e médios produtores de hortaliças. Como outras culturas de plantio intensivo, as brassicas também enfrentam inúmeros problemas com doenças, dentre estes está a "hérnia das crucíferas", doença de enorme risco potencial ao produtor, visto seu difícil ou inexistente controle e por condenar a área, impedindo futuros cultivos de brassicas. O agente causal da "hérnia das crucíferas" (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) é um endoparasita obrigatório, pertencente ao reino Protozoa, habitante do solo, sendo um dos fitopatógenos de solo menos estudados no mundo, mas sabe-se que este apresenta raças patogênicas, ou patotipos, sendo que algumas dessas já são conhecidas, principalmente os que ocorrem na Europa e no Japão sabem-se, também, que estas raças "quebram", com certa freqüência, a pouca resistência que os melhoristas conseguem incorporar nas variedades comerciais, fazendo com que quase não haja variedade resistente disponível no mercado, principalmente ao mercado brasileiro onde, possivelmente, haja raças ainda não relatadas. O objetivo deste estudo visou conhecer a variabilidade genética e patogênica de isolados de P. brassicae oriundos das principais regiões produtoras de Brassicas do estado de São Paulo, utilizando para isso: a) testes em variedade diferenciais, nacionais e importadas, com isolados monospóricos e não monospóricos para determinação das raças; b) estudo da agressividade dos isolados frente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Within the horticulture sector, the plants of the Brassicaceae family are widespread in both volume and value-added marketing, so we highlight the intensive cultivation of brassicas, such as varieties of Brassica oleracea L. (Kale, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts), Brassica napus L. and Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis L. (Chinese cabbage), and the basis of economic support for small and medium producers of vegetables. Like other intensive planting crops, the brassicas are also facing many problems with diseases, among these is the club root, disease of great potential risk to the producer, because its difficult or no control and order the area, preventing future crops brassicas. The agent causal of the club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin) is an obligatory endoparasites belonging to the kingdom Protozoa, inhabitant of soil, being one of the pathogens in soil less studied in the world, but it is known that this presents pathogenic races, or pathotypes, and some of these are already known, especially those taking place in Europe and Japan knows it, too, that these races "break" with some frequency, the little resistance that breeders can incorporate into commercial varieties, making that almost no resistant variety available in the market, especially the Brazilian market where perhaps there is not race related. This study aimed to investigate the genetic variability and pathogenic isolates of P. brassicae come from the main producing regions Brassicas state of Sao Paulo, using for this: a) testing range differential, domestic and imported, with no single spores and spore for the determination of races, b) study of the aggressiveness of the isolates in the face of cultivars available in the market, c) study of genetic variability within and between populations, using markers RAPD and Microsatellite d) genetic characterization through sequencing of genetic regions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor