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Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed=&q / <p>Cilj &ndash; Cilj disertacije je da se omogući dinamičko prilagođavanje metapodataka koji opisuju obrazovne resurse u digitalnim repozitorijumima.</p><p>Metodologija - Postoji potreba da se u digitalnim repozitorijumima obrazovni resursi opi&scaron;u putem skupa metapodataka koji je specifičan za određenog korisnika ili domen. Obzirom da korisnici ne mogu samostalno da ručno vr&scaron;e izmenu softverske aplikacije, pristup predložen u ovoj disertaciji se zasniva na tehnikama modelom vođenog razvoja softvera, koji treba da omogući prilagođavanje softverske aplikacije programski, bez potrebe za razvojem ili naručivanjem nove aplikacije. Da bi se predloženo re&scaron;enje verifikovalo, sproveden je eksperiment koji evaluira njegove karakteristike.</p><p>Rezultati - U disertaciji je predložena softverska platforma za upravljanje obrazovnim resursima opisanim dinamički pro&scaron;irivim skupom metapodataka. Platforma omogućuje kreiranje modela podataka koji se programski transformi&scaron;u u veb aplikaciju za upravljanje obrazovnim resursima. Na ovaj način, korisnik može da kreira sopstveni model metapodataka koji je odgovarajući u određenom domenu.</p><p>Ograničenja istraživanja/implikacije &ndash; Re&scaron;enje verifikovano od strane korisnicima sa određenim tehničkim znanjem. Potrebno je istražiti prikladnost platforme za domenske eksperte sa ograničenim tehničkim znanjem, koji treba da defini&scaron;u nove skupove metapodataka u svom domenu.</p><p>Praktične implikacije &ndash; Re&scaron;enje se može koristiti u digitalnim repozitorijuma koji skladi&scaron;te raznolike obrazovne resurse. Svaki resurs može biti opisan koristeći metapodatke iz domena kojem resurs pripada.<br />Originalnost/vrednost - Digitalni repozitorijumi standardno opisuju obrazovne resurse koristeći neki generalni skup metapodataka, koji je vi&scaron;e fokusiran na fizičke karakteristike resursa, umesto na njihovo značenje. Predloženo re&scaron;enje uvodi proizvoljnu domenski-zavisnu semantiku u opis resursa, čime se unapređuje njihovo dobavljanje.</p>

Face à la complexité des logiciels multitâches, liée aux contextes économique et concurrentiel très pressants, la portabilité des applications et la réutilisabilité des processus de déploiement sont devenues un enjeu majeur. L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles est une approche qui aspire répondre à ces besoins en séparant les préoccupations fonctionnelles des systèmes multitâches de leurs préoccupations techniques, tout en maintenant la relation entre eux. En pratique, cela se concrétise par des transformations de modèles capables de spécialiser les modèles pour des plates-formes cibles. Actuellement, les préoccupations spécifiques à ces plates-formes sont décrites implicitement dans les transformations eux même. Par conséquence, ces transformations ne sont pas réutilisables et ne permettent pas de répondre aux besoins hétérogènes et évolutifs qui caractérisent les systèmes multitâches. Notre objectif est alors d'appliquer le principe de séparation de préoccupation au niveau même de la transformation des modèles, une démarche qui garantie la portabilité des modèles et la réutilisabilité des processus de transformation.Pour cela, cette étude propose premièrement une modélisation comportementale détaillée des plates-formes d'exécutions logicielles. Cette modélisation permet d'extraire les préoccupations spécifiques à une plate-forme de la transformation de modèle et les capturer dans un modèle détaillé indépendant et réutilisable. Dans un second temps, en se basant sur ces modèles, elle présente un processus générique de développement des systèmes concurrents multitâches. L'originalité de cette approche réside dans une véritable séparation des préoccupations entre trois acteurs à savoir le développeur des chaînes de transformation, qui spécifient une transformation de modèle générique, les fournisseurs des plates-formes qui fournissent des modèles détaillés de leurs plates-formes et le concepteur des applications multitâche qui modélise le système. A la fin de cette étude, une évaluation de cette approche permet de montrer une réduction dans le coût de déploiement des applications sur plusieurs plates-formes sans impliquer un surcoût de performance. / Given the complexity of multitasked software, linked to very pressing economic and competitive contexts, application portability and deployment process reusability has become a major issue. The model driven engineering is an approach that aspires to meet these needs by separating functional concerns of multitasking systems from their technical concerns, while maintaining the relationship between them. In practice, this takes the form of model transformations that specializes models for target platforms. Currently, concerns specific to these platforms are described implicitly in the transformations themselves. Consequently, these transformations are not reusable and do not meet the heterogeneous evolutionary needs that characterize multitasking systems. Our objective is then to apply the principle of separation of concern even at the level of transformation models, an approach that guarantees portability and reusability of models transformation process.To do this, this study provides first a detailed behavioral modeling of software execution platform. This modeling allows to extract specific concerns from model transformation and to capture them in a detailed platform model independent and reusable. In a second step, based on these models, it presents a generic process for developing concurrent systems. The originality of this approach is a true separation of concerns between three actors: the developer of transformation tool, who specifies a generic model transformation, platform providers that provide detailed models of their platforms and the multitasked system designer that models the system. At the end of this study, an evaluation of this approach shows a reduction in the cost of deploying applications on multiple platforms without incurring an additional cost of performance.

La simulation est un outil puissant pour étudier les systèmes distribués. Elle permet aux chercheurs d’évaluer différents scénarios de manière reproductible, ce qui est impossible à travers des expériences réelles. Cependant, les simulations reposent souvent sur des modèles simplifiés, dont le réalisme est trop rarement étudié dans la littérature. Ceci mène à une pertinence et une applicabilité discutables des résultats obtenus. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de notre travail est d'améliorer le réalisme de la simulation en mettant l'accent sur le transfert de fichiers dans un système distribué à large échelle, tel que l’infrastructure de production EGI. Le réalisme de la simulation est étudié ici au travers de deux aspects principaux : le simulateur et le modèle de plate-forme (l’infrastructure distribuée). Ensuite, à partir de simulations réalistes, nous proposons des recommandations fiables pour améliorer la gestion des fichiers à travers des portails scientifiques, tels que la plate-forme d'imagerie virtuelle (VIP). Afin de reproduire de manière réaliste les comportements du système réel en simulation, nous devons en obtenir une vue de l'intérieur. Par conséquent, nous recueillons et analysons un ensemble de traces d’exécutions d'une application particulière exécutée sur EGI via VIP. En plus des traces, nous identifions et examinons les composants du système réel à reproduire de manière réaliste en simulation. Il s’agit, par exemple, des algorithmes utilisés pour la sélection d’un réplica dans le système de production. Nous simulons ensuite ces composants en utilisant les mécanismes mis à disposition par SimGrid. Nous construisons, à partir des traces, un modèle de plate-forme réaliste essentiel à la simulation des transferts des fichiers. La précision de notre modèle de plate-forme est évaluée en confrontant les résultats de simulations avec la vérité terrain des transferts réels. Nous montrons que le modèle proposé surpasse largement le modèle issu de l’état de l’art pour reproduire la variabilité réelle des transferts de fichiers sur EGI. Ce modèle est ensuite enrichi pour permettre l’analyse de nouveaux scénarios, au-delà de la reproduction des traces d’exécution en production. Enfin, nous évaluons différentes stratégies de réplication de fichiers par simulation en utilisant deux modèles différents: un modèle issu de l’état de l’art amélioré et notre modèle de plate-forme construit à partir des traces. Les résultats de simulations montrent que les deux modèles conduisent à des décisions de réplication différentes, même s’ils reflètent une topologie de réseau hiérarchique similaire. Ceci montre que le réalisme du modèle de plateforme utilisé en simulation est essentiel pour produire des résultats pertinents et applicables aux systèmes réels. / Simulation is a powerful tool to study distributed systems. It allows researchers to evaluate different scenarios in a reproducible manner, which is hardly possible in real experiments. However, the realism of simulations is rarely investigated in the literature, leading to a questionable accuracy of the simulated metrics. In this context, the main aim of our work is to improve the realism of simulations with a focus on file transfer in a large distributed production system (i.e., the EGI federated e-Infrastructure (EGI)). Then, based on the findings obtained from realistic simulations, we can propose reliable recommendations to improve file management in the Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP). In order to realistically reproduce certain behaviors of the real system in simulation, we need to obtain an inside view of it. Therefore, we collect and analyze a set of execution traces of one particular application executed on EGI via VIP. The realism of simulations is investigated with respect to two main aspects in this thesis: the simulator and the platform model. Based on the knowledge obtained from traces, we design and implement a simulator to provide a simulated environment as close as possible to the real execution conditions for file transfers on EGI. A complete description of a realistic platform model is also built by leveraging the information registered in traces. The accuracy of our platform model is evaluated by confronting the simulation results with the ground truth of real transfers. Our proposed model is shown to largely outperform the state-of-the-art model to reproduce the real-life variability of file transfers on EGI. Finally, we cross-evaluate different file replication strategies by simulations using an enhanced state-of-the-art model and our platform model built from traces. Simulation results highlight that the instantiation of the two models leads to different qualitative decisions of replication, even though they reflect a similar hierarchical network topology. Last but not least, we find that selecting sites hosting a large number of executed jobs to replicate files is a reliable recommendation to improve file management of VIP. In addition, adopting our proposed dynamic replication strategy can further reduce the duration of file transfers except for extreme cases (very poorly connected sites) that only our proposed platform model is able to capture.