With the advent of high-power lasers in recent decades, a unique source of hard X-ray radiation has become availible. This source of collimated, broadband, femtosecond, incoherent and hard X-ray radiation is produced when a focused laser with intensity above 10^18 W/cm^2 collides with a gas target. The strong electric field of the laser pulse ionizes the gas and interacts with the plasma generating a strong plasma wake wave. This space charge separation inside the target generates longitudal electric fields of the order of 100 GV/m. This resulting electrostatic wakefield accelerates the electrons to relativistic velocities and causes them to travel in oscillatory motion behind the laser pulse, producing hard and collimated X-ray radiation. This thesis is focused on a theoretical evaluation and an experimental design of this laser-plasma X-ray source. Furthermore, we consider the source's unique properties for novel imaging applications.

The diploma thesis was focused on evaluation of non-thermal (cold) plasma seed treatment of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), on its health and production properties and on the effects against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). A soil fungus Trichoderma virens (TVI) was used as additional seed treatment. The field experiment showed that microwave, low pressure, 500 W non-thermal plasma and 4 minute exposure time did not have a significant effect on Xcc, but had a positive influence - in combination with Xcc and TVI - on plants´ vitality and yield. Further, this plasma treatment, in combination with Xcc, had a negative impact on seeds´ germination. Non-thermal plasma treatment with the above-mentioned parameters proved to be unsuitable for cabbage seed treatment.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very heterogeneous disease associated with cytogenetic aberrations and genetic mutations. Many of these changes have been revealed and their detection became usual part of the diagnostic process today. However, changes of expression profiles of small, noncoding RNAs, so called microRNAs (miRNAs), are less known and not used for diagnostics yet. These RNAs, 19-24 nucleotides long, take part in the regulation of expression of different genes through complementary base pairing to the 3'non- translated region (3'UTR) of the target messenger RNA (mRNA). They can influence key processes of the cell, like differentiation, proliferation or apoptosis. The changes in expression of different miRNAs are known from different types of cancers. In solid tumors, they are usually detected from bioptic samples; but also plasma samples are now in the center of attention as so called liquid biopsies providing the information about molecular genetic events in the organism. Many studies have revealed deregulated miRNAs in the bone marrow, full blood or isolated progenitor cells (CD34+) of AML patients, only four of them have analyzed plasma samples. We focused on the plasma samples and we targeted on such miRNAs, which levels differ at AML diagnosis and after the chemotherapy. Out of...

Title: Experimental study of electron and ion temperatures in impact plasmas Author: Samuel Kočiščák Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science - DSPS Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D., DSPS Abstract: In-situ analysis of a hypervelocity grain impact is a complex discipline, making use of multiple physical phenomena. An important one, if not the most important one, being a dust impact ionisation. Future experiments could benefit substantially from better understanding of the phenomenon. The goal of this work was a study of the impact ionisation per-se, with the objective: to experimentally determine the effective temperatures of post-impact charged ejecta. Importance of this parameter is obvious, although different approaches scarcely ever report similar results. Our way was the analysis in a retarding potential analyzer. Firstly, large data set of laboratory data from dust accelerator was analyzed, secondly a Monte Carlo study of the results and the analyzer itself was performed. Lastly, recommendations for future in-situ experiments are provided based on our results. Keywords: impact plasmas cosmic dust impact ionization

The aim of this master thesis is to study the influence of metallic atoms on nitrogen post-discharge. Pure nitrogen post-discharge is a subject study of many works dealing with kinetic processes in plasma. Unfortunately, there are only a few published works that present influence of various traces on nitrogen post-discharge kinetics. This master thesis deals with problems of nitrogen post-discharge containing mercury traces. All experimental data were obtained using optical emission spectroscopy of a DC discharge in a flowing mode, which can achieve appropriate temporal resolution in the order of milliseconds. Spectra emitted during the post-discharge were recorded in the range of 320-780 nm and the following molecular spectral systems were identified: • 1. positive system of nitrogen: N2(B) -> N2(A), • 2. positive system of nitrogen: N2(C) -> N2(B), • 1. negative system of nitrogen: N2+(C) -> N2+(X), • NO-beta system: NO(B) -> NO(X). Besides them we were able to record the mercury line at 254 nm, only (in the spectrum of the first as well as in the second order); no other mercury lines were observed. The mercury vapor was introduced into the system at selected post-discharge time. Dependence of selected molecular band head intensities as well as mercury line intensity on experimental conditions (pressure, discharge power, wall temperature, time of mercury vapor introduction) were observed in time evaluation. The data obtained in pure nitrogen were used as a reference. The obtained results showed very high sensitivity of kinetic processes on mercury atoms presence. If mercury was introduced into the post-discharge the mercury line was observable around the site where mercury vapor was introduced into the discharge. The experimental data showed that mercury line intensity was directly proportional to the mercury atoms concentration and saturation effect could be observed. The energy level diagram demonstrates that the observed mercury line can be excited by collisions with nitrogen ground state molecule excited to vibrational level 18. Thus the mercury can be used for the monitoring of population at this vibrational level. Finally we obtained the population profile at this nitrogen metastable level during the post-discharge. The presented work demonstrates possibility of mercury atoms application for the monitoring of one nitrogen metastable state. Unfortunately, the contemporary data are not sufficient for the measurement of metastable absolute concentration. However, complex understanding of nitrogen post-discharge kinetics is still an open problem. Therefore a lot of future work should be done although the presented work brings a good fundament for such research.

The dissertation thesis deals with the development of the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) setup in the modification for the mobile remote material analysis (so called rLIBS). The experimental device is developed at the Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (FME), Brno University of Technology (BUT). Such a modification is possible due to the core principles of LIBS technique, i.e. using a laser for a sample excitation and plasma radiation for spectral analysis. The thesis is focused on the variation called Stand-Off LIBS with the target analyte in the distance of 6 meters. In this case the laser pulse and the plasma radiation are transmitted through the local environment (usually the air) and the direct device-to-sample visibility is expected. The motivation for this development is to avoid traditional processes of sample collection, preparation and transport that are time-consuming, expensive and sometimes even hard to realize. Stand-Off LIBS allows bringing all the LIBS technique benefits from the laboratory to the field, where fast, in-situ analysis can be carried out. The first part of the thesis focuses on the history and principles of the Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES), as it is the main principle of LIBS technique. The second part describes the history, theory, instrumentation and applications of LIBS as a modern analytical tool. This part also introduces the remote mobile modification – rLIBS, as well as the current state of knowledge and the state of the development in LIBS laboratories worldwide. The third part describes the individual stages of the rLIBS development at the Institute of Physical Engineering, FME BUT. This chapter details the focusing optics design, building of the collection optics, design and construction of the detection unit, motorized stage and mobile track. This section contains also the results of the test spectroscopy measurements and movement ability measurements.

Title of Diploma Thesis: Production and use of transfusion products in the District Hospital Trutnov. Aim of the work: The aim was to evaluate the production of transfusion products (TP) in the period 2014-2019 at the Transfusion and Hematology Department (THO) in the District Hospital Trutnov and their use for hemotherapy by individual medical disciplines. Futhermore, to compare the production of TP within the Czech Republic together with selected European countries. The incidence of post-transfusion reactions and other adverse events during the reporting period is also included. Material and methods: The methodological part describes the standard procedures of pre- transfusion examination using the column agglutination method from the company Grifols, S.A., laboratory examination of donors and transfusion products manufactured at the Transfusion Department Trutnov. Conclusion: Despite all the recommendations and efforts to reduce the use of transfusion products, this condition has not been proven both in our department, within the Czech Republic and in Europe. This work recommends deleucotization of transfusion products for the national and European part, unification of procedures for transfusion in a given disease, mandatory introduction of NAT testing to minimize the risk of transmission...

Plasma treatment of polypropylene fibers presents a new progressive method, how to increase the utility properties of these fibers. The thesis is focused on verifying the effect of surface treatment of polypropylene fibers in concrete with low-temperature plasma discharge in the normal atmosphere. The paper describes the procedure for treatment of polypropylene fibers with low-temperature plasma and evaluate the impact of this adjustment on the volume changes of cement composites. It should also be emphasized that the thesis is focused on the initial volume changes, ie volume changes in the early stages of solidification and only for your own mixture, which is not considered an external load. Subsequently, the experimental verification of the effect of the addition made commercially available fibers and fibers treated plasma volume changes to a selected physico-mechanical properties of the test compounds.

The aim of the Master thesis is the investigation of the influence of microwave discharge for skin wound healing. Microwave discharge used for this work was argon microwave plasma generated by the surface wave and direct vortex torch. The theoretical part is focused on basic information about plasma and processes that occur in plasma discharge under specific conditions. Plasma generates various active particles such as hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide radicals, excited nitrogen molecules, atomic nitrogen, argon and oxygen. All of these particles together with plasma generated photons are usable in biomedical applications and summary of them is shown in the theoretical part. The experimental part is focused on the comparison of torch discharge and microwave plasma generated surface wave in skin wound healing. The model wounds on laboratory mousses were treated by plasma and wound healing was examined during 3 weeks after the plasma treatment. Both plasma systems showed healing acceleration. Application of torch discharge was proved to be the most effective method in the healing of skin defects. Additionally, determination of active particles was taken by optical emission spectroscopy. Based on these measurements, plasma parameters were determined: electron temparutare, rotational and vibrational temperatures. To determine role of different plasma active species, the treatment of indigo coloured artificial skin model was treated under various conditions by both plasma systems. Results show that the direct interaction between plasma particles is the main effect, role of radiation, only, is more or less negligible. Finally, the plasma vortex system was visualized using fast camera at selected powers and gas flows.

This thesis deals with the silicon etching technology. It Examines using of water solution of potassium hydroxide. It focuses on plasma etching of silicon using mixture of CF4 and O2 as the dry way of etching. Important parameters of etching like etching rate of silicon and masking materials, etching selectivity, surface roughness and underetching of mask are determined for both ways. Some additional processes has been examined as well, namely creating of mask of resist and silicon dioxide, lithography process and etching of resist using oxygen plasma.