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Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), a member of the genus Comovirus in the family Comoviridae, is widespread in the major soybean-growing areas in the United States. The complete nucleotide sequences of the genomic RNAs of the naturally occurring partial diploid strain IL-Cb1 were determined. Intermolecular RNA1 recombinants were isolated from strain IL-Cb1 and characterized at the molecular level. Structurally similar recombinant RNA1 was also generated after four passages in soybean derived from plants previously inoculated with a mixture of infectious RNA1 transcripts from two distinct strains. BPMV was developed as a plant viral vector that is appropriate for gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in soybean. The foreign gene was inserted between the movement protein (MP) and the large coat protein (L-CP) coding regions. The recombinant BPMV constructs were stable following several serial passages in soybean and relatively high levels of protein expression were attained. Successful expression of several proteins with different biological activities was demonstrated from the BPMV vector. Double infection of soybean by BPMV and SMV triggers a synergistic interaction leading to a serious disease. To investigate the underlying mechanism, helper componentprotease (HC-Pro) genes from several SMV strains and TEV were expressed from BPMV vectors. The recombinant BPMV vectors carrying the HC-Pro genes from SMV strain G7 or TEV induced very severe symptoms on soybean whereas constructs containing the HC-Pro gene from SMV isolate P10, a mild strain with an apparent defect in synergism, induced only very mild symptoms. Transient agroinfiltration assays using GFP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana showed that HC-Pro from SMV isolate P10 was not a RNA silencing suppressor, whereas those of SMV strain G7 and TEV exhibited strong suppressor activities. Analysis of chimeric HC-Pro genes and point mutations indicated that a positively charged amino acid at position 144 is critical for the suppressor function of not only SMV HC-Pro but also other potyvirus HC-Pro proteins. Although amino acid substitution at position 144 resulted in changes in small RNA profile, it did not affect HC-Pro stability.

L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser expérimentalement l'interaction entre un tourbillon longitudinal isolé et une couche limite se développant sur un profil portant bi-dimensionnel de type NACA0015 pour des incidences faibles et autour du décrochage statique. Le travail a été réalisé en tunnel hydrodynamique à Reynolds 5 105, le tourbillon est généré en amont par une aile elliptique de section NACA0020. Les campagnes de mesures ont été réalisées par LDV et PIV en ce qui concerne le champ de vitesse et par balance hydrodynamique en ce qui concerne les efforts globaux. Ce type de configuration peut être retrouvé dans les applications de contrôle d'écoulement (par utilisation de générateurs de vortex) ou en hydrodynamique navale dans les interactions « tourbillon d'ogivesafran de gouvernail ». L'originalité de la configuration étudiée réside dans le fait que le vortex est généré hors couche limite, contrairement à la configuration classique du contrôle d'écoulement en aérodynamique, où le vortex est généré à une distance de l'ordre de l'épaisseur de couche limite. Les résultats ont montré que la présence du tourbillon inhibe le phénomène d'hystérésis lors du décrochage statique du profil NACA0015, ceci étant associé à une modification notable des états de couche limite tant en valeur moyenne que fluctuante. En effet, pour les faibles incidences, la présence du tourbillon longitudinal modifie le gradient de pression, retarde de manière globale le décollement de la couche limite en réaccélérant le fluide à la paroi. Pour les incidences plus élevées, on observe un ré-attachement de la couche limite dans la région d'inflow (zone d'apport de fluide rapide à la paroi). La dynamique de cet écoulement est analysée par décomposition orthogonale en modes propres (POD) dans le but de mieux appréhender l'alignement spatial tourbillonnaire dans le sillage des corps mis à grande incidence et contrôlé.

This master thesis introduces Jiří Pilát (4. 4. 1921 - 7. 6. 2007), a native of Posázaví. He had been concerned with music on a non-professional level all his life, especially with liturgical music. In order to carry on his interest he created a rich archive, mostly by searching and transcribing the score material. The work aims to show his life and work with regard to both his lifelong musical focus and local activity, and his conceivable influence on the broader cultural awareness. It is comprised from five main chapters: the life of Jiří Pilát, his heritage, a choir and an orchestra in Poříčí nad Sázavou, efforts to re- reveal the work of Jan Dismas Zelenka and draw attention to it; and the musical legacy of Jiří Pilát. Keywords: Jiří Pilát, choirmaster, conductor, Jan Dismas Zelenka, Poříčí nad Sázavou, Louňovice pod Blaníkem, liturgical music

My diploma thesis deals with the addictive substances in road transport, especially with alcohol and other narcotic drugs used by drivers of motorized and non-motorized vehicles. The thesis is divided into three main parts. First chapter provides the definition and clarification of the terms. Second chapter, Substantive law, contains two subchapters, Criminal law and Administrative law. The subchapter Criminal law analyzes crimes that can be committed in conjunction with the addictive substances in road transport, namely endangerment under influence of an addictive substance according to § 274 TZ, general endangerment and general endangerment alleging negligence according to § 272 TZ and § 273 TZ and inebriation according to § 360 TZ. The most attention is paid to the offence of endangerment under the influence of an addictive substance, which is, as the most frequently committed crime in connection with the addictive substances, analyzed in terms of elements of crime, complicity and participation, stages of the commission of the crime, qualified elements of crime and sanctions. The second subchapter, Administrative law, examines three mostly committed minor offences related to the addictive substances in road transport. These are minor offences according to § 125c odst. 1 písm. b), písm. c) and...

Orientador: Miguel Angelo Mutton / Banca: Ignácio José de Godoy / Banca: Edson Lazarini. / Banca: José Frederico Centurion / Banca: Gil Miguel de Sousa Centurion / Resumo: No estado de São Paulo, o amendoim é cultivado principalmente na sucessão à cana-de-açúcar e pastagem, em duas regiões distintas quanto às condições edafoclimáticas. Atualmente, devido ao aumento das áreas com canaviais colhidos sem queima e dos sistemas de integração agricultura e pecuária, os produtores têm a oportunidade de adotarem manejos de solo conservacionistas. Considerando as peculiaridades morfo-fisiológicas da planta de amendoim, os objetivos desta pesquisa foram : estudar as características agronômicas e extração de nutrientes de duas cultivares de amendoim com hábitos de crescimento contrastantes em três manejos de solo sobre palhada de cana crua e pastagem, bem como avaliar os efeitos desses sistemas sobre alguns atributos químicos, físicos e microbiológicos do solo. Foram instalados 12 experimentos de campo, conduzidos de 1999/2000 até 2004/2005, na áreas experimentais da APTA (antigas estações do IAC e IZ), sendo 9 em Latossolo vermelho (Ribeirão Preto, 6 em cana crua e 3 em pastagem) e 3 em Argissolos, dos quais 2 (pastagem e cana crua) em Pindorama e 1 (pastagem) em Mirassol. Em delineamento experimental blocos casualizados os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, utilizando-se 4 repetições. As parcelas compreenderam os sistemas de manejo convencional (arado de aivecas + gradagens), cultivo mínimo (5 L.ha-1de glifosate + arado subsolador ASTMATIC 450®, Tatu Marchesan) e plantio direto (5 L.ha-1de glifosate). As sub-parcelas foram constituídas pelas cultivares IAC-Tatu ST (ereta) e IAC-Caiapó (rasteira)...(Resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In Sao Paulo State, Brazil, peanut has been cultivated in rotation with sugarcane and pasture in two regions with different soil type and climate conditions. Nowadays, due to the increase of sugarcane area harvested without burning and the crop-livestock integration systems, the peanut growers have a great opportunity to plant in the conservation tillage, mainly in no-tillage system. Considering the specific morphological and physiological characteristic of peanut plant, the aims of this research were to study the agronomic characteristics and nutrient contents of two different peanut cultivars in three tillage systems in rotation with sugarcane and pasture, as well as their effects in some chemical, physical and microbiological soil attributes. Twelve field experiments were conducted from 1999/2000 to 2004/2005, at the followings places: Ribeirão Preto (Oxisoil), Pindorama (Ultisoil) and Mirassol (Ultisoil). Seven trials were installed on sugarcane straw and five in rotation with pasture, which were situated at APTA experimental station. Tillage treatments were arranged in split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots were the tillage treatments (conventional, reduced and no-tillage) while the subplots were peanut cultivars (IACTatu ST and IAC-Caiapó). In the conventional tillage, soil was turned with a moldboard plow and disked. Reduced tillage was made with subsoiler shank (ASTMATIC 450 , Tatu Marchesan) after the herbicide application. In no-tillage systems, the sugarcane plant and pasture were killed with glyphosate (2.4 kg a.i.ha-1). Some agronomic characteristics (pod and kernels yield, percentage of sound mature kernels, plant density and dry matter of root in different layers), nodulation (number and dry matter) and nutrient contents (N,P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Zn) in plants were evaluated...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic adress) / Doutor

Assessing the impact of inlet flow distortion in turbomachinery is desired early in the design cycle. This thesis introduces and validates the use of methods based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to analyze clean and 1/rev static pressure distortion simulation results at design and near stall operating condition. The value of POD comes in its ability to efficiently extract both quantitative and qualitative information about dominant spatial flow structures as well as information about temporal fluctuations in flow properties. Observation of the modes allowed qualitative identification of shock waves as well as quantification of their location and range of motion. Modal coefficients revealed the location of the passage shock at a given angular location. Distortion amplification and attenuation between rotors was also identified. A relationship was identified between how distortion manifests itself based on downstream conditions. POD provides an efficient means for extracting the most meaningful information from large CFD simulation data. Static pressure and axial velocity were analyzed to explore the flow physics of 3 rotors of a compressor with a distorted inlet. Based on the results of the analysis of static pressure using the POD modes, it was concluded that there was a decreased range of motion in passage shock oscillation. Analysis of axial velocity POD modes revealed the presence of a separated region on the low pressure surface of the blade which was most dynamic in rotor 1. The thickness of this structure decreased in the near stall operating condition. The general conclusion is made that as the fan approaches stall the apparent effects of distortion are lessened which leads to less variation in the operating condition. This is due to the change in operating condition placing the fan at a different position on the speedline such that distortion effects are less pronounced. POD modes of entropy flux were used to identify three distinct levels of entropy flux in the blade row passage. The separated region was the region with the highest entropy due to the irreversibilities associated with separation.

Motivé par l'étude numérique de la dispersion de particules dans un écoulement turbulent, ce travail présente l'application et le développement de méthodes de réduction de modèles couplées à un système dynamique d'ordre bas pour les équations de Navier-Stokes. Ainsi, la première méthode appliquée est la décomposition orthogonale aux valeurs propres (POD). Couplée à un système dynamique d'ordre faible obtenu par projection de Galerkin des équations de Navier-Stokes sur la base POD, cette méthode montre son efficacité en terme de temps de simulation pour le calcul de la dispersion de particules. Cependant, la POD nécessite au préalable un échantillonage temporel de l'écoulement, ce qui est handicapant. Afin de palier ce problème, l'alternative envisagée dans ce travail est l'utilisation d'une méthode de réduction \emph{a priori}, l'APR, basée sur la construction itérative d'une base de l'écoulement.<br />La méthode APR est d'abord testée dans des cas modèles simples : l'équation de convection-diffusion 2D et les équations de Burgers 1D et 2D. Comparée aux méthodes de résolution classique, l'APR permet de diminuer fortement les temps de calcul tout en conservant une précision du même ordre de grandeur.<br />Les équations de Navier-Stokes sont ensuite résolues à l'aide d'un code volumes finis 2D, utilisant un découplage vitesse-pression de type Van Kahn. Un algorithme de réduction a priori adapté à l'algorithme de projection est alors présenté et appliqué pour le cas de la cavité entraînée 2D à Re=10000. Les résultats obtenus sur un court intervalle de temps sont assez encourageants. Enfin, une démarche d'avancement temporel basée sur le couplage d'APR et de systèmes dynamiques est présentée.

Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

In dieser Arbeit wird die Beschichtung von kolloidalen Templaten mit Hilfe der Layer-by-layer Technik beschrieben. Mit ihr ist es möglich, die Oberfläche der Template mit sehr dünnen und gut definierten Filmen zu versehen. Durch Auflösung der Template werden Kapseln hergestellt, die je nach Zusammensetzung der Beschichtung unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen. / In this thesis the coating of colloid templates using the layer-by-layer technique is described. The surface of the templates is modified with thin, well defined films. After dissolving the templates, hollow capsules with different properties are obtained.