Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 1990. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this investigation was to provide a theoretical overview of the predominant feminist literary movements and their theoretical theses. I concentrated specifically on providing an historical overview of the major theories and by doing so accumulating them into one theoretical model. Concommitantly theories coined by post-structuralist thinkers such as Derrida and deconstruction are also employed in furnishing the reading model with a deconstructivi i-.>"": base. It proved appropriate to analyse postmodernist poetry ~<ch as that of Joan Hambidge by means of this strategy. In the second chapter I focused specifically on the poetry of Antj ie Krog until her latest volume of poetry, Lady Anne. From the latter texts dealing especially with the husband and wife relationship within the traditional marriage were selected and analysed. I focused on the three main female figures in the text, viz. Lady Anne Barnard, Mrs. Van Reenen, and Antjie Krog herself. I indicated what the implications of the marital relationship were on the lives of the characters. Often there is also a prevalent sexual rivalry within the realms of the patriarchal marriage. In the case of Lady Anne Barnard the relationship reveals the tension inherent to their situation at large. Andrew Barnard is regarded as a weak man who is subj ected to his powerful wife. This is evident from their marital relationship too. The man as instigator and head of the household within the patriarchy wishes to establish himself as bearer of that power and by doing so comes in conflict with his wife. In the third chapter I analysed the Lesbianfeminist poems of Joan Hambidge and especially those in her third volume of poetry. The codes of a Lesbian relationship are subversive in that it questions the morality of society at large. Lesbian love affairs are regarded as "strange" and immoral by the rUling patriarchal hegemony. This is the result of its undermining attitude towards sexism in society at large. In my conclusion I indicated that a feminist reading model is feasible for the reading of literary texts in that it aims to deconstruct the predominant sexist binary oppositions in our society. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om in die inleidende teoretiese gedeelte In oorsig te gee van die belangrikste feministiese teoretici se bevindings. Daar is veral gekonsentreer op In historiese oorsig van die feministiese teoriee en hieruit is probeer om een teoretiese model daar te stel, waarvolgens literere tekste in die besonder gelees kon word. In aansluiting by die post-strukturalistiese teoriee van Jacques Derrida is aan die feministiese leesmodel In dekonstruktivistiese basis gegee. Dit het veral geblyk van pas te wees, by die lees van die postmodernistiese poesie soos in die geval van Joan Hambidge. In die tweede hoofstuk is veral gefokus op die poes1e van Antjie Krog en is die eiesoortige kenmerke van haar poesie eers uitgelig. Daarna is veral gekonsentreer op haar mees onlangse digbundel Lady Anne. Uit die bundel is veral tekste geselekteer wat pertinent fokus op uitbeelding van die man-vrou-verhouding binne die huwelik. Daar word veral gekonsentreer op die drie bel~ngrikste vrouefigure in die bundel, naamlik Lady Anne Barnard, Mev. Van Reenen en die digteres Antjie Krog self. Daar is veral aangetoon wat hulle verhoudings met hulle mans was en die huweliksrelasie is met behulp van In feministiese leesmodel beskou en gedekonstrueer. Dikwels is daar sprake van In seksuele magstryd in die huwelik aan die gang. In die geval van Lady Anne Barnard weerspieel die huweliksverhouding tussen man en vrou die spanning wat inherent aanwesig is, veral omdat Barnard so In swakkeling is en hy onderdanig aan sy vrou staan. Hierdie magsbalans wat versteur word, kern ook voor in die verse oor Antjie Krog en haar man. Die man as verteenwoordiger van die patriargale waardesisteem, sien dit as sy plig om oor die vrou te heers. In die derde hoofstuk word veral gekonsentreer op Joan Hambidge se Lesbiesfeministiese verse en wel uit haar derde digbundel, Die anatomie van melancholie. Die kodes van die Lesbiese verhouding tussen twee vroue is ondermynend van aard en dit gee aanleiding tot kontroversiele bevraagtekening van die heersende ideologie binne die same1ewing. Die heersende seksistiese ins1ag van die patriargie het tot gevolg dat Lesbiese liefde as IIvreemd" bestempel word en gevolglik strydig is met die wese van die ideologiese apparatuur in so 'n staat. Ten slotte word aangetoon, dat In feministiese leesmodel weI sinvol is vir die lees van tekste en dat dit veral daarop gemik is am die seksistiese binere opposisies binne ' n seksistiese denksistee~ te ondermyn.

Based on a comparative method of enquiry, this thesis analyses the process of self-definition expressed in the work of Gloria Fuertes (Madrid, 1917-1998) and Pilar Paz Pasamar (Jerez de la Frontera, 1933) as individual alternatives to the collective ethos and literary practices promoted within the patriarchal society of Franco’s Spain. Recognizing the poets’ cultural and socio-political context as determining factors in their experiences as women and poets, and therefore in their outlook and poetics, this context and how it is reflected in their poetry provides the starting point (Chapter 1). Both poets acknowledge that writing poetry can provide them with a metaphorical space of freedom that enables them to develop their identity and explore their preoccupations. Therefore, their thoughts about poetry provide an important theme that occurs in the poetry of both (Chapter 2). Closely related to this is the link they establish between poetic inspiration and the divine, which in the case of Pilar Paz Pasamar leads to the attempt to use the special qualities of poetic language to refer to a universal truth that she is aware of and which transcends the capabilities of language, while Gloria Fuertes regards poetry as a divine gift that can provide solace and is ultimately able to improve the world (Chapter 3). The fourth chapter focuses on specific elements of the two poets’ work that reveal the distinctive mechanisms of self-construction they develop. The section on Fuertes considers humour as a survival strategy that enables the poet to reach out to her readership and emphasize her focus on the here and now, while the discussion on Paz’s work looks at how the use of sea imagery allows her to convey abstract experiences based on introspection. Thus, it is argued that their poetry reflects the different strategies the two women develop – based on integration in the case of Fuertes and a more separate position in the case of Paz – to define themselves in relation to their world.

This thesis aims to rescue the name of Elisabeth Mulder, a Spanish female poet who started to publish her first poetry books around the rise of the Generation of 1927 in Spain. The importance of this work hinges on the recognition of Mulder as a female poet whose work has been marginalized from the literary canon, like that of many other women of her era. This thesis focuses on Mulde''s third poetry collection, Sinfonâia en rojo, which was published in 1929 and stands out for its symbolic richness and its romantic and modernist features. Part of this research deals with the symbolism of the color red and the meanings that red acquires within the context of the poems. The main leitmotivs of Sinfonâia en rojo are the images of fire and blood, which are used to make reference to both the emotional and the physical world of the poetic voice. The research also focuses on the connections between Mulder's work and that of her contemporaries, and it suggests that she was in contact with the literary world of her era. / by Itxaso del Olmo Lâopez. / Abstract in English. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

In twentieth-century poets such as W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot, Robert Lowell and Allen Ginsberg, the literary apocalyptic--identifiable by its homology with the major elements of the biblical Apocalypse--undergoes progressively complex transmutations. While in the early Yeats the apocalyptic is evocative of earnest Romantic moods, in his later work it is complicated by irony, yoked to the cycles of Yeatsean history, and counteracted by exaggerated postures of defiance. In Eliot, a reductive juxtaposition of the apocalyptic and the contemporary foreshortens the traditional paradigms to a diminutive modern-day scale. In Lowell, the apocalyptic is manifested variously as a bitter inversion of American Puritan eschatology, the telescoping of the personal and the cosmic, and a catastrophe in slow-motion. The climactic point of distortion, however, is reached in Ginsberg's poetry in which apocalyptic horrors form a bizarre combination with humour and bathos. While their treatment of the eschatological is widely divergent, an element common to all four poets is their ambivalence towards the paradigms of an apocalyptic new world.

This thesis explores the question, “What literary strategies can be employed to allow as many people as possible to identify themselves positively with South Africa as a nation and a country?”. I focus in particular on the possibilities for identification open to white South African women, engaging with Antjie Krog's English texts, A Change of Tongue, Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft. I seek to identify the textual strategies, such as a fluid structure, shifts between genre and a multiplicity of points of view, which Krog employs to examine this topic, and to highlight the ways in which the literary text is able to facilitate a fuller engagement with issues of difference and belonging in society than other discursive forms. I also consider several theoretical concepts, namely supplementarity, displacement and diaspora, that I believe offer useful ways of understanding the transformation of individual subjectivity within a transitional society. I then explore the ways in which women identify with, and thereby create their own space within, the nation. I investigate the ways in which Krog represents women in A Change of Tongue, and discuss how Krog uses „the body‟ as a theoretical site and a performative medium through which to explore the possibilities, and the limitations, for identification with the nation facing white South African women. I also propose that by writing „the body‟, Krog foregrounds her own act of writing thereby highlighting the construction and representation of her „self‟ through the text. I proceed to consider Krog's use of poetry as a textual strategy that enables her to explore the nuances of these themes in ways which prose does not allow. I propose that lyric poetry, as a mode of expression which emphasises the allusive, the imaginative or the affective, has a capacity to render in language those experiences, emotions and sensations that are often considered intangible or elusive. Through a selection of poems from Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft, I examine the way in which Krog constantly re-writes the themes of belonging and identity, as well as interrogate Krog's use of poetry as a strategy that permits both the writer and the reader access to new ways of understanding experiences, in particular the way apparently ephemeral experiences can be rooted in the body. I also briefly consider the significance of the act of translation in relation to the reading of Krog's poems. I conclude by suggesting that in A Change of Tongue, Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft Krog engages with the project of “[writing] the white female experience back into the body of South African literature” (Jacobson “No Woman” 18), and in so doing offers possible ways in which white South African women can claim a sense of belonging within society as well as ways in which they can challenge, resist, re-construct and create their identities both as women, and as South Africans. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

One medium has dominated accounts of American art in the years following the Second World War. The period witnessed, in the words of one critic, a 'Triumph of American Painting', with advances in the easel picture far surpassing those in other media. Whilst more recent accounts have nuanced this view, drawing attention to developments in music and sculpture, literary contributions to the new American modernism have gone almost without assessment. Were there advances in literature comparable to those of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman, David Smith and John Cage? Drawing extensively on his unpublished writings, After the New Failure of Nerve reveals the poet Charles Olson to have been the keenest literary advocate of the new American avant-garde and one of the most astute observers of its conditions and possibilities. Paying special attention to unpublished notes, lectures, and correspondence, the thesis utilises Olson's early writings in order to examine the momentum given early postwar modernism by a potent contemporary reaction against abstract rationality, a reaction identified at the time as a 'New Failure of Nerve'. Born of recent disillusionment with 'scientific' Marxism and New Deal progressivism, the thesis demonstrates the several ways in which this 'New Failure of Nerve' fuelled vanguard American art from the middle of the Second World War to the end of the decade. It argues that the new critique of abstract rationality - which was also reflected in the contemporary American work of the Frankfurt School - defined the way American artists understood the function of postwar modernism, the posture of the postwar modernist artist, and the status of the postwar modernist artwork. This pivotal moment in the history of modernism was shaped, I contend, by a philosophical critique explored most ambitiously by an American poet.

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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador: Vilma Sant'Anna Areas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T15:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_DeboraRacy_D.pdf: 1524814 bytes, checksum: bbd5c331bda4fcb0614f234cf6ae0c8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: "Dor, Sombra, Lucidez" parte do livro de poemas Beijo na Boca (1975) para ler e atualizar a trajetória poética de Antônio Carlos Ferreira de Brito (1944-1987), o Cacaso. Se o processo de leitura supõe o desdobramento criativo do texto, Beijo na Boca ganha amplitude estética quando considerado no conjunto da produção de Cacaso e, também, das idéias de sua geração. Embora seus poemas sejam independentes e possam ser lidos separadamente, compõem uma espécie de poema único ou "poemão", que sintetiza vivências subjetivas e coletivas. Logo, optamos por uma forma analítica que, coerente com as propostas de Cacaso, leva em consideração, na leitura deste livro específico, sua trajetória criativa e o éthos de sua geração. Assim posto, esclarecemos que este trabalho ancora-se em três partes fundamentais. Inicialmente, recuperarmos a fortuna crítica de Cacaso e de sua geração, procurando analisá-la à luz do momento de produção. Na segunda parte, buscamos esclarecer o sentido da escrita coletiva ou "poemão", demonstrando os dilemas de uma geração impactada pela violência da história. A questão da marginalidade também será abordada, pois é fundamental entender que o modo de publicação - à margem do sistema editorial - nem sempre está vinculado à ausência de qualidade estética. Recursos lingüísticos, partilhados pelos escritores, são elucidados, à luz de alguns poemas. Em suma, nesta parte tratamos de tentar entender o éthos desta geração. Finalmente, percorremos a trajetória poética de Cacaso procurando nela situar Beijo na Boca: seja pela ênfase de suas diferenças ou pela busca de semelhanças entre os livros. Se a escolha do mote amoroso distingue o poeta dos demais de sua geração, também pode ser artimanha estética. Será que essa lírica desencantada consegue desafi(n)ar o "poemão"? / Abstract: "Pain, Shadow, Lucidity" considers the book of poems Beijo na Boca (1975) to read and update the poetic trajectory of Antônio Carlos Ferreira de Brito (1944-1987), most known as Cacaso. If the reading process involves the creative unfolding of the text, Beijo na Boca achieves aesthetic meaning when considered along with Cacaso's artistic production and the ideas of his generation. Although its poems are independent and can be read separately, they compound a kind of "big poem" since they summarize subjective and collective experiences. We therefore chose an analytical form that is consistent with Cacaso's proposals and takes into consideration - when reading this particular book - his career and the creative ethos of his generation. Simply put, we clarify that this work is founded on three key parts. Initially critical essays about his production and his generation are recovered and analyzed in the light of the moment of production. In the second part we seek to clarify the meaning of collective writing or "big poem" demonstrating the dilemmas of a generation affected by the violence of history. The issue of marginality will also be addressed. It is important to understand that the way to publication - out of the editorial system - is not always linked to the lack of aesthetic quality. Linguistic resources, shared by the writers, they are also elucidated in the light of some poems. In short, this part is dealing with the understanding of the ethos of Cacaso's generation. Finally we analyze Cacaso?s poetic trajectory looking for the place of Beijo na Boca on it, either by its differences or similarities. If the choice of the love theme distinguishes Cacaso from the poets of his generation, it can also be understood as aesthetic stratagem. Is this disenchanted lyric able to discord with the "big poem"? / Doutorado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária