The aim of presented work was a study of the effect of temperature on the development of mature oocytes of sterlet during prespawn period. At the turn of 2013 and 2014 was conducted our experiment with females of sterlet. Experimental fish were divided into two main groups. The first group was exposed to the heated water and a second group was kept in natural water temperature. Four biopsies were carried out during attempt. The samples were measured, and then was calculated oocyte polarization index (PI). For more accurate results processing fish were divided into two subgroups within both groups. 1st subgroups had at first biopsy PI 12.5 % and 2 subgroups PI> 12.5 %. In less mature females the effect of temperature was statistically significant (p < 0.05) while in more mature females the opposite was true (p > 0.05). From a total assessment follows that the temperature had no significant importance for the rate of oocytes maturation (p > 0.05). Experimental results indicate that the heating method can be used to accelerate the maturation especially in less mature fish and for synchronization spawning.

This dissertation thesis deals with the measurement of insulation resistance for rotating electrical machines and polarization indices calculated from them. The first part contains a short theoretical introduction, methods of measurement and basic formulas for calculations. The second part discusses the results obtained in laboratory measurements in both the model and the real coil of high voltage machine. There are also elucidated some of the principles and causes of some phenomena with which the measurement of insulation resistance is encountered. The third part deals with the results of measurements on real machines. There are mainly discussed the dependences of insulation resistance and polarization index on the influences that occur in measurements such as temperature measured insulation, moisture in the insulation, but also the influence of measuring instruments on the measured values. It is also expressed how much these factors affect the measurement results. In addition, this part deals with some other influences that have a negative affect on the measurement of insulation resistance. There is processed a new methodology for measuring insulation resistence in the fourth part of this thesis. The need to develop a metodology of measuring is based on the needs of engineering practice, where is considerable inconsistency of measurement in the present time. Measurement, and often performed on the same machine, are not nowadays often comparable, because measurements are not met even the basic rules resulting from the findings of research and development, which were discovered in the last few decades. Measurement of insulation resistance in our nowdays methodology stagnated on the level of the seventies of 20th century. For this reason, we have developed a new methodology of measurement that takes into account all significant influences affecting the measurement. The purpose of the methodology is to ensure full repeatability and comparability of measurements not only on the same machine but on machines of the same type, in optimal cases, the machines of different types. There are the chapters "The objectives of the work" and "Conclusion" the part of the work. A very important chapter is "The contribution of thesis", which summarizes the original results of this work and results, the use of which is expected in engineering practice.

In this work describe to the Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy for the evaluation of the actual status of insulation systém. The used methods of quantifying the dielectric response in time domain are polarization-depolarization current and recovery voltage measurement and in frequency domain the loss factor and the complex capacitance measurement. Influence of thermal ageing and temperature dependences of charge and dischage currents are observed.

A maior parte das concessionárias de energia elétrica brasileiras normalmente não trata as falhas em transformadores de distribuição como um problema relevante sob ponto de vista financeiro, uma vez que qualquer ação preventiva para minimizar o problema dentro da realidade atual pode ser mais onerosa. Portanto, políticas adequadas para investigar as falhas de transformadores de distribuição são geralmente relegadas a segundo plano ou às vezes nem existem. Neste contexto, a informação existente em falhas de transformadores pode não conter dados importantes. No entanto, novas leis que afetam as concessionárias de energia estão mais severas e demandam por maior eficiência por parte delas. Neste novo cenário, uma metodologia forense, criada há muitos anos por várias concessionárias para analisar falhas em transformadores de distribuição, foi recentemente resgatada com a análise de 3159 equipamentos. Essa metodologia é conhecida como Metodologia Forense para Transformadores de Distribuição (MFTD) e será utilizada como ferramenta de diagnóstico para estudos de casos. Novos testes e ensaios como medição de resistência de isolamento, índice de absorção dielétrica e polarização, análise físico-química entre outros, serão agregados à metodologia forense para aprimorá-la. Além disso, os para-raios, sendo parte do sistema de proteção de transformadores de distribuição, também são estudados com o objetivo de verificar possíveis falhas de projeto e desafios a serem superados. / Most Brazilian utility companies normally do not treat failures in distribution transformers as a relevant problem in large financial point of view, since any preventive action to minimize them within the current reality can be more costly. Thus, proper policies for investigating faults in distribution transformers are usually disregarded by the power utilities and sometimes policies may not even exist. In this context, existing information on faulty distribution transformers may not contain important data. However, new laws affecting power distribution companies are becoming more severe and there are demands for greater efficiency. In this new scenario, a forensic methodology to analyse faults in distribution transformers, created some years ago by many utilities, has recently been resurrected with the analysis of 3,159 distribution transformers. This methodology is known as Forensic Analysis Applied to Distribution Transformers (FAADT). New tests and trials as measuring insulation resistance, polarization index and dielectric absorption, physical and chemical analysis among others, will be added to the forensic methodology to improve it. Moreover, the surge-arresters, being part of the system of protection of distribution transformers, are also studied in order to evaluate possible design flaws and challenges to overcome.

A maior parte das concessionárias de energia elétrica brasileiras normalmente não trata as falhas em transformadores de distribuição como um problema relevante sob ponto de vista financeiro, uma vez que qualquer ação preventiva para minimizar o problema dentro da realidade atual pode ser mais onerosa. Portanto, políticas adequadas para investigar as falhas de transformadores de distribuição são geralmente relegadas a segundo plano ou às vezes nem existem. Neste contexto, a informação existente em falhas de transformadores pode não conter dados importantes. No entanto, novas leis que afetam as concessionárias de energia estão mais severas e demandam por maior eficiência por parte delas. Neste novo cenário, uma metodologia forense, criada há muitos anos por várias concessionárias para analisar falhas em transformadores de distribuição, foi recentemente resgatada com a análise de 3159 equipamentos. Essa metodologia é conhecida como Metodologia Forense para Transformadores de Distribuição (MFTD) e será utilizada como ferramenta de diagnóstico para estudos de casos. Novos testes e ensaios como medição de resistência de isolamento, índice de absorção dielétrica e polarização, análise físico-química entre outros, serão agregados à metodologia forense para aprimorá-la. Além disso, os para-raios, sendo parte do sistema de proteção de transformadores de distribuição, também são estudados com o objetivo de verificar possíveis falhas de projeto e desafios a serem superados. / Most Brazilian utility companies normally do not treat failures in distribution transformers as a relevant problem in large financial point of view, since any preventive action to minimize them within the current reality can be more costly. Thus, proper policies for investigating faults in distribution transformers are usually disregarded by the power utilities and sometimes policies may not even exist. In this context, existing information on faulty distribution transformers may not contain important data. However, new laws affecting power distribution companies are becoming more severe and there are demands for greater efficiency. In this new scenario, a forensic methodology to analyse faults in distribution transformers, created some years ago by many utilities, has recently been resurrected with the analysis of 3,159 distribution transformers. This methodology is known as Forensic Analysis Applied to Distribution Transformers (FAADT). New tests and trials as measuring insulation resistance, polarization index and dielectric absorption, physical and chemical analysis among others, will be added to the forensic methodology to improve it. Moreover, the surge-arresters, being part of the system of protection of distribution transformers, are also studied in order to evaluate possible design flaws and challenges to overcome.

This thesis describes properties of windings of electric rotating machines and their insulation systems. There are winding and insulation low voltage machines tests listed with their procedures and criteria. Further it deals with coordination methodology and the last part contains execution and results assessment of tests conducted on stator samples.