Thèse--Université de Rennes. / "Bibliographie": p. [87]-88.

Habilitationsschrift--Philosophische Fakultät--Universität Köln, 2005. / Bibliogr. p. 403-424.

This thesis deals with the circumstances that lead to a fragmented implementation of post-conflict justice and security reforms and their negative impact on institutional capacity to provide justice and security for citizens. It strenghtens the existing critique of SSR by employing liberal peacebuilding critique to examine the development of the SSR agenda within the security-development nexus mainstream and the difficulties in learning from SSR experience. The main research question concerns the factors affecting the coherence and sequencing of justice and security system reforms, and is addressed through a case study of Mozambique. The analysis identifies power dynamics surrounding formal and informal interactions that impact institutional change, and showcase the vulnerability of justice and security system reforms to co-optation by powerful international and national players. Throughout, patterns of critical juncture and path dependence are identified that have influenced the adaptation of powerful local players to external and domestic pressures which resulted in political and institutional bricolage. The thesis also looks at how the sequencing of Mozambique’s triple transition, in which economic liberalisation prevailed over peacebuilding and democratisation, shaped the post-civil war direction and pace of the defence, police and justice reforms. The 1992 peace agreement and the public sector reform programme are investigated with regards to the failure of driving substantive SSR and of imparting it coherence and sequencing in the short, medium and longer term. Finally, lessons are proposed for future reform in Mozambique, and recommendations are drawn for improving the design of strategy and implementation of SSR in general. / Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology

Grâce à une enquête réalisée auprès de policiers et de magistrats du parquet portant sur le traitement pénal des femmes présumées auteures d’infractions à la législation sur les stupéfiants (ILS), la thèse propose une réflexion sur la place du genre dans les processus de mise en œuvre de la loi pénale. En prêtant attention aux rôles que jouent à la fois le genre des justiciables et celui des acteurs pénaux (en lien avec les représentations sociales sexuées qui traversent leurs cultures professionnelles), ce travail questionne le rôle du genre dans les processus de sélection de la « clientèle policière » et de construction de la population judiciarisée, en faisant dialoguer sociologies des institutions pénales, de la quantification et des rapports sociaux de sexe. La première partie de la thèse montre que les femmes sont très peu visibles dans les affaires d’ILS, à la fois du point de vue de la statistique publique (traitement secondaire de l’état 4001, traitement primaire de données collectées auprès des services spécialisés de police) et dans les discours des acteurs pénaux. En approfondissant l’analyse des représentations des professionnels au sujet des femmes et de leur délinquance, la deuxième partie fait état d’un contraste sexué, professionnellement situé, s’agissant de l’étiologie de la délinquance des femmes et de leur degré de responsabilité pénale : les policiers (majoritairement des hommes) tendent à déresponsabiliser les femmes et contribuent ainsi à les invisibiliser ; en regard, les magistrats (majoritairement des femmes) les responsabilisent plus fortement et forment le vœu de les impliquer. Enfin, une troisième partie, qui s’attache aux facteurs organisationnels et institutionnels, montre dans quelle mesure l’autonomie policière et le carcan temporel de l’appareil pénal viennent renforcer, voire coproduire l’invisibilisation des femmes dans la délinquance. Finalement, le genre apparait comme un registre de normativité œuvrant parmi d’autres dans la mécanique pénale et participant d’une dynamique sexuellement différenciée de mise en visibilité du phénomène délinquant. La thèse étaye donc l’hypothèse selon laquelle il existerait un processus d’invisibilisation des femmes délinquantes en matière d’ILS, qui les écarte des procédures pénales et conséquemment des statistiques publiques, contribuant ainsi à donner un genre (masculin) à la délinquance et par là même, à reproduire les distinctions stéréotypées entre le féminin et le masculin. / Based on a survey conducted among police officers and prosecutors about the penal treatment of women alleged authors of breaches of drug legislation (BDL), the thesis offers a reflection on the role of gender in the process of criminal law enforcement. By paying attention to the effect of litigants’ and penal actors’ gender (linked to the gendered social representations of their professional cultures), this work questions the role of gender in the selection process of “police’s customers” and in the construction process of the judicialized population, by making interact sociologies of penal institutions, quantification and of gender relations. The first part of the thesis shows that women are not much visible in cases of BDL, in a statistical point of view (secondary processing of the database “Etat 4001”, primary processing of data collected from Police specialized services) and in penal actors’ speeches. By deepening the analysis of the professionals’ representations about women and their delinquency, the second part reports a sexed contrast, professionally located, about the sources of women’s delinquency and of their degree of criminal responsibility : police officers (mainly men) tend to remove all responsibilities from women and contribute their invisibility ; on the contrary, prosecutors (mainly women) tend to stress women's responsibilities and wish to show their involvement in cases. The third part, about organizational and institutional factors, shows in which way police autonomy and the shrinking time-frame of the penal system strengthen and even coproduce women’s invisibility in delinquency. Finally, gender appears as a norm register working among others in the penal machine and participating in a sexually differentiated dynamic of putting in visibility on delinquency. Therefore, the thesis supports the hypothesis that a process of invisibilization of delinquent women in BDL exists and that this process excludes women from penal procedures and consequently from public statistics, contributing thereby to giving a gender (masculine) to delinquency and at the same time, to reproducing stereotyped distinctions between the feminine and the masculine.

This thesis deals with the circumstances that lead to a fragmented implementation of post-conflict justice and security reforms and their negative impact on institutional capacity to provide justice and security for citizens. It strenghtens the existing critique of SSR by employing liberal peacebuilding critique to examine the development of the SSR agenda within the security-development nexus mainstream and the difficulties in learning from SSR experience. The main research question concerns the factors affecting the coherence and sequencing of justice and security system reforms, and is addressed through a case study of Mozambique. The analysis identifies power dynamics surrounding formal and informal interactions that impact institutional change, and showcase the vulnerability of justice and security system reforms to co-optation by powerful international and national players. Throughout, patterns of critical juncture and path dependence are identified that have influenced the adaptation of powerful local players to external and domestic pressures which resulted in political and institutional bricolage. The thesis also looks at how the sequencing of Mozambique’s triple transition, in which economic liberalisation prevailed over peacebuilding and democratisation, shaped the post-civil war direction and pace of the defence, police and justice reforms. The 1992 peace agreement and the public sector reform programme are investigated with regards to the failure of driving substantive SSR and of imparting it coherence and sequencing in the short, medium and longer term. Finally, lessons are proposed for future reform in Mozambique, and recommendations are drawn for improving the design of strategy and implementation of SSR in general.

Thèse (Ph.D.)--Université d'Ottawa, 1997. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.