CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations Master's Thesis 2018 Sarah Ahmed CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Institute of Political Studies Department of International Relations The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East: The Cases of Egypt and Turkey Master's thesis Author: Sarah Ahmed Study programme: International Relations Supervisor: PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Year of the defence: 2018 Declaration 1. I hereby declare that I have compiled this thesis using the listed literature and resources only. 2. I hereby declare that my thesis has not been used to gain any other academic title. 3. I fully agree to my work being used for study and scientific purposes. In Prague on 31.07.2018 Sarah Ahmed References AHMED, Sarah. The Activity of Organizations Supporting Civil Society in the Middle East. Praha, 2018. 106 pages. Master's thesis (Mgr.). Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Relations. Department of International Relations. Supervisor PhDr. Jan Hornát, Ph.D. Length of the thesis: 198,979 Characters. Abstract First, this thesis will be focused on democracy promotion and civil society as concepts that emerged and occupied a large scholarly literature. I deem...

Swedish postwar aid to Germany from 1945 to 1954 is described and analyzed, especially as an expression of Swedish attitudes developed over a long period of societal evolution. As early as 1943/44 both Swedish voluntary agencies and the Swedish government began to plan program of postwar aid to Germany. Older and more recent attitudes to Germany, the views of Germans living in exile in Sweden and the intentions of the Western allies toward a conquered Germany were central in determining the nature and scope of Swedish aid. Programs incorporated the values of traditional Christian charity, secularized philanthropy and applied methods developed for emergency aid abroad and for social assistance at home. The new concept of the welfare state, strong in Sweden at the time, led to aid also being aimed toward long-term socio-political goals. Children, young people, mothers, refugees, displaced persons and what was regarded as the German elite were the main recipients of various aid efforts. In the atmosphere of the Cold War, aid came to be increasingly directed to West Germany. Postwar aid, with Germany as the main non-Scandinavian recipient, was Sweden's first experience as a long-term aid donor. While the efforts of voluntary agencies were concen­trated abroad, the Swedish welfare state developed rapidly at home, leaving no room for privately sponsored social work. Even after 1950/54, therefore, the work of Swedish voluntary agencies was directed at needs abroad, mainly to so-called undeveloped countries outside Europe. The premises underlying such aid and its contents were largely the same as for postwar aid to Germany. / digitalisering@umu

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Os pequenos e mÃdios produtores rurais de oleaginosas para produÃÃo de biodiesel necessitam de polÃticas pÃblicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento integrado e inclusÃo social, para que nÃo ocorra concentraÃÃo da produÃÃo, como acontece no caso do etanol. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais as principais variÃveis de decisÃo e os seus graus de importÃncia para a tomada de decisÃo sobre o cultivo de oleaginosas por pequenos e mÃdios agricultores, no Ãmbito da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, a fim de elaborar proposiÃÃes para subsidiar polÃticas governamentais de suporte ao setor, com base em gargalos encontrados e com Ãnfase para os procedimentos logÃsticos. Quanto aos procedimentos, a metodologia foi do tipo bibliogrÃfica e survey. O universo desta pesquisa à composto pelos pequenos e mÃdios produtores rurais do Estado do Cearà e especialistas da Ãrea agrÃcola, tendo a amostra totalizado 162 observaÃÃes vÃlidas. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionÃrio estruturado e adaptado à realidade do Estado do CearÃ, contendo uma lista de 54 variÃveis capazes de influenciar a tomada de decisÃo no cultivo de oleaginosas, elaborado por meio da identificaÃÃo, na literatura revisada, dos principais constructos relacionados ao cultivo de oleaginosas. No que se refere à abordagem do problema, o modelo elaborado nesta pesquisa foi quantitativo, utilizando-se a AnÃlise Discriminante e a AnÃlise Fatorial como tÃcnicas para identificaÃÃo de semelhanÃas entre os respondentes e anÃlise das principais variÃveis de decisÃo, bem como dos seus graus de importÃncia, para os atores enfocados. Dentre os principais resultados do estudo, a AnÃlise Discriminante mostrou que nÃo hà diferenÃa nas respostas dos grupos formados por pequenos e mÃdios agricultores por um lado, e especialistas, por outro. Desta forma, aplicou-se a AnÃlise Fatorial com todas as observaÃÃes coletadas, constatando-se que os respondentes atribuÃram alta importÃncia à tomada de decisÃo, no cultivo de oleaginosas, Ãs variÃveis relativas ao cooperativismo e/ou associativismo, aos assentamentos e apoio que estes recebem de ÃrgÃos governamentais, seja de forma tÃcnica ou de formaÃÃo de recursos humanos. Assim, por exemplo, polÃticas que dÃem suporte aos assentamentos sÃo essenciais, jà que a agricultura familiar se baseia na comunidade e na interaÃÃo desta com o ambiente em que està inserido. Percebe-se, tambÃm, que sÃo valorizadas as variÃveis de decisÃo que estÃo relacionadas com a infra-estrutura logÃstica e de serviÃos bÃsicos e crÃdito. Finalmente, algumas proposiÃÃes sÃo feitas, com base nos resultados gerais da pesquisa, para subsidiar polÃticas governamentais para o setor de produÃÃo do biodiesel no Estado do CearÃ. / Brazilian median and small biooil country producers working on the Biodiesel production chain normally need the aid of public policies to guide the sector to sustainable development with social inclusion. Those policies are necessary to avoid the concentration of production in few large producers, as it has happened with sugar cane ethanol supply chain in Brazil. So, the aim of the present research work is to identify which are the key-variables and their relative importance to support public policies aiming the increase in agricultural production in Brazilian median and small biooil country producersâ sector. Data are elicited from a sample of 162 small and median producers in CearÃ, a poor Brazilian county in its northeastern region, as well as from experts in Biodiesel agricultural input practices. A questionnaire was applied involving 54 variables considered important, according with literature research, in terms of their impacts in biooil inputs production. The methodology applied to face the study problem uses both discriminant and factorial analysis to identify similarities among respondents and to analyze the main key-variables in their decision taking process. Main results of the present work show that are no statistically significant differences in responses of both groups researched. Factorial analysis application revealed high importance, to the individuals sampled, of variables related to associative producersâ clusters as well as to the support they may have from governmental authorities, relating to technical aspects or to personnel training in the focused sector. Familiar agriculture structured systems are based in community practices and in interaction with their environment. They also use to valorize availability of logistics equipments, basic services (educational and health facilities) and credit. Finally, many actions are put forward to support governmental policies aiming the development of the Biodiesel production sector in the County of CearÃ.

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