《基本法》雖然承諾香港循序漸進達致行政和立法機關雙普選，但回歸至今，民主政制不單停滯不前，更有倒退跡象。儘管制度沒有很大變遷，北京政府多次以不同理由拖延民主改革訴求，但親政府陣營卻逐漸擴大組織力量，降低反對派的挑戰可能，使選舉制度的競爭性降低。 / 本文旨在探討，威權政府下舉行的選舉，究竟是促進、還是阻礙民主轉型。一般威權政府下的選舉並不穩定，反對派有可能透過不斷舉行的選舉挑戰政權，推動民主轉型。香港卻恰恰相反，反對派的不但分裂，動員能力亦逐漸降低。本文希望證明，威權主義下的選舉不一定對反對派有利，只要政權能夠鞏固選舉能力，籠絡不同社會界別孤立反對勢力，足以使反對派難以透過直接選舉推動民主。重複選舉亦不一定為反對派帶來好處，長年處於選舉威權，不但使反對派的動員能力降低，也會因策略分歧而導致路線之爭，形成轉型疲勞的局面。 / 研究分為三部分，第一部分將檢視回歸以來選舉制度的變遷及結果，說明回歸後的選舉制度，越來越不利反對派生存。第二、三部分將探討回歸後親政府陣營及反對派的發展，當親政府陣營擴張及善理主從網絡，反對派則逐漸分裂，甚至因策略分歧互相攻訐，使反對派從選舉獲得的資源和挑戰政權的機會越來越少。 / Basic Law has stipulated that Hong Kong will have universal suffrage gradually for legislative and executive branch. Despite that, after the handover from Britain, Chinese government has deferred democratization and suppressed opposition's urge. Besides, the pro-government coalition has established hegemony in electoral arena, which is impossible for opposition to compete with. The competitiveness of the stunned electoral politics has been further decreased. / This article aimed to discuss whether the election hold under electoral authoritarianism is beneficial to democratization. According to hybrid regime researches, continuing elections, despite partially, create opportunities for oppositions to challenge the ruling coalition and install democratic virtues. Hong Kong is suffering from another way. Decreasing mobilization power, splitting opposition forces has shadowed democratic movement. The article aimed to suggest that provided the ruling coalition has ability to increase mobilization power and co-opting political elites, opposition loses opportunity structure to implement democratic process. They have to encounter demobilization and internal struggle within transition fatigue environment. / There are three parts in the research. Firstly, I evaluate electoral reform and the result of repeating elections after handover. It is suggested that opposition becomes difficult to survive. The second and third sections would discuss the development of ruling elite and opposition from 1997-2012. When the ruling elite expands their patron-client relationships, opposition encounters splitting and internal struggles. The resource and chances to challenge the regime has been also decreased. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 區諾軒. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-191). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Ou Nuoxuan.

林國輝. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部,1994. / 參考文獻: leaves 234-238 / Lin Guohui. / 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 經世思想及「經世文編」研究回顧 --- p.3 / Chapter 三、 --- 史料及硏究方法 --- p.10 / Chapter 第一章： --- 葛士濬、盛康與《皇朝經世文續編》 / Chapter ´ؤ、 --- 十九世紀後半期政治及學術思想概況 --- p.24 / Chapter 二、 --- 葛士濬的編纂動機 --- p.33 / Chapter 三、 --- 盛康的編纂動機 --- p.37 / Chapter 第二章： --- 《皇朝經世文續編》學術、治體部分作者背 景之分析 / Chapter 一、 --- 作者背景資料之量化分析 --- p.54 / Chapter 二、 --- 作者間網絡的組成與主導群體的發現 --- p.59 / Chapter 三、 --- 小結 --- p.67 / Chapter 第三章： --- 《皇朝經世文續編》「學術」部分內容析述 / Chapter 一、 --- 對帝王學術修養的關注 --- p.91 / Chapter 二、 --- 有關儒學發展及漢宋之爭的討論 --- p.95 / Chapter 三、 --- 對各種學術內容的討論 --- p.103 / Chapter 四、 --- 學術與政治的互動 --- p.113 / Chapter 五、 --- 師友之道的探求 --- p.125 / Chapter 六、 --- 小 結 --- p.130 / Chapter 第四章： --- 《皇朝經世文續編》「治體」內容析述 / Chapter 一、 --- 施政各項原則的討論 --- p.132 / Chapter 二、 --- 有關君主施政的討論 --- p.144 / Chapter 三、 --- 治法的繁簡與變法的立場 --- p.153 / Chapter 四、 --- 選拔賢才之道及用人之方法 --- p.159 / Chapter 五、 --- 臣下的職責及賢臣應具備的條件 --- p.173 / Chapter 六、 --- 各種具體的施政建議 --- p.180 / Chapter 七、 --- 小結 --- p.197 / Chapter 第五章： --- 從兩種《續編》看晚清「經世思想」之內涵 / Chapter 一、 --- 「經世思想」的具體內涵 --- p.200 / Chapter 二、 --- 從「經世文編」看「經世思想」發展的大概 --- p.209 / Chapter 三、 --- 「經世思想」在晚清的定位 --- p.214 / 結 論 --- p.230 / 參考書目 --- p.234 / 附件：《葛編》及《盛編》各部門總目 --- p.239

胡志偉. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1995. / 參考文献 : 224-231. / Hu Zhiwei. / 簡 目 / Chapter (一） --- 導論 --- p.1 -15 / Chapter 1. --- 問題的提出 / Chapter 2. --- 課題範圍的選擇和理據 / Chapter 3. --- 諸家成¨®Ơ的回顧與檢討 / Chapter 4. --- 研究進路 / Chapter (二） --- 劉師培的生平 --- p.16-27 / Chapter (三） --- 劉師培早年政治思想的特色 --- p.28-42 / Chapter 1. --- 民族思想：排滿攘夷及民族帝國主義 / Chapter 2. --- 激烈主張 / Chapter 3. --- 民約觀念 / Chapter (四） --- 劉師培無政府思想的淵源 --- p.43-71 / Chapter I. --- 中國傳統 / Chapter 1. --- 道家思想 / Chapter 2. --- 禮運大同 / Chapter 3. --- 許行 / Chapter 4. --- 鮑敬言 / Chapter II. --- 域外思想 / Chapter 1. --- 日本社會主義運動的概況 / Chapter 2. --- 幸德秋水 / Chapter 3. --- 苦魯巴特金 / Chapter 4. --- 托爾斯泰 / Chapter (五） --- 劉師培革命理論的基礎：針對人爲不平等 --- p.72-83 / Chapter 1. --- 政府之於人民 / Chapter 2. --- 資本家之於傭工 / Chapter 3. --- 強種之於弱種 / Chapter 4. --- 男子之於女子 / Chapter (六） --- 劉師培的具體革命策略 --- p.84-104 / Chapter 1. --- 農人革命 / Chapter 2. --- 勞民革命 / Chapter 3. --- 農工聯合制 / Chapter 4. --- 弱種聯合以抗強種 / Chapter (七） --- 劉師培的無政府主義烏托邦：人類均力說 --- p.105-118 / Chapter (八） --- 《天義》與《新世紀》的比較 --- p.119-130 / Chapter (九） --- 劉師培旅日期間的實際政治活動 --- p.131-152 / Chapter 1. --- 社會主義講習會 / Chapter 2. --- 亞洲和親會 / Chapter 3. --- 農民疾苦調查會 / Chapter (十） --- 劉師培與同盟會分裂的原因：革命綱領的比較分析 --- p.153-172 / Chapter 1. --- 民族問題 / Chapter 2. --- 政制問題 / Chapter 3. --- 民生問題 / Chapter 4. --- 革命程序 / Chapter (十一） --- 〈劉師培與端方書〉的剖析 --- p.173-195 / Chapter 1. --- 是書發現的經過 / Chapter 2. --- 寫作日期的考定 / Chapter 3. --- 劉師培自述放棄革命原因的分析 / Chapter (十二） --- 劉師培後期的政治活動和思想 --- p.196-211 / Chapter 1. --- 流落四川 / Chapter 2. --- 籌安會及洪憲帝制 / Chapter 3. --- 北京大學 / Chapter (十三） --- 結論 --- p.212-223 / Chapter (十四） --- 參考書目 --- p.224-231

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2005. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Jan 6, 2010). "CSC 2005" "Subject Area Topical Issues" Includes bibliographical references.

I also argue that the structure and the content of Records of Practical Government was much influenced by Qiu Jun's (1421-1495) Daxue yanyi bu (Supplement to the Extension of the Great Learning), which initiated the tradition of systematic statecraft writing in the Ming. However, because Lu and Qiu lived in different eras and had different social backgrounds and official status, they addressed same issues at different levels in their books. The Daxue yanyi bu was written as a reference for the emperors and officials and as a blueprint for political reform to be initiated by the court. What it deals with are national administrative structures and large social issues. The Records of Practical Government only deals with practical matters from the viewpoint of local officials. Providing guidance to provincial officials at different ranks, it was meant to be a guide to local governance. / I further argue that an immediate reason for Lu's desire to improve local governance was the impact of Zhang Juzheng's political reforms. When Lu became an official, he was involved in the decade-long reforms initiated by Zhang. Zhang was Lu's spiritual guide, although while Zhang's reforms involved officials at different levels, Lu's only concerned local and provincial administrative officials. / In later times, Lu Kun's statecraft thought spread mainly through publication of his books. His ideas on government were well recognized in the Qing dynasty. He was canonized in the Confucian temple in 1826 and considered an accomplished thinker and scholar of practical learning. / Lu Kun was a famous Confucian scholar-official of the late Ming Dynasty. As a magistrate of Xiangyuan and Datong counties of Shanxi province and as a Vice Minister of Justice, he was highly praised by people he governed and by fellow officials of his times because of his uprightness and able administration. This dissertation focuses on the characteristics of Lu Kun's (1536-1618) statecraft thought by analyzing his important work. Records of Practical Government (Shizheng lu), and his understanding of the relationship between the Wanli emperor (reigned 1563-1620) and his officials. / The Records of Practical Government, compiled after Lu retired, is a corpus of official documents Lu wrote and announced when he was an official in Shanxi. These documents reflect his administrative experience and the local custom of places he governed. They also reveal Lu's understanding of local affairs, his emphasis on the responsibility of an official and his design for the strengthening of that. Lu, however, was unable to realize much what he proposed in the Records of Practical Government . His regulations were too detailed and complicated, and his language somewhat harsh, that they were difficult to be observed. / The research also shows Lu's personal understanding and handling of the relationship between the Wanli emperor and his officials, which likewise reveals Lu's statecraft thought. Lu was prudent enough to be able to maintain good terms with Wanli for a smooth discharge of his official responsibility. But when Lu was forced to resign in disillusion during the contention for the confirmation of an heir-apparent, he turned to support officials who left office as a protest to the emperor. / 解揚. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 391-448). / Adviser: Hung-lam Chu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0714. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 391-448). / Xie Yang.

魏英杰. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-196) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Wei Yingjie.