本論文旨在通過以合一運動視角詮釋香港基督教史，輔以八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議之個案，分析香港基督教在建構香港身份認同過程的參與與貢獻，以說明香港基督教為香港社會的重要成員，香港基督教史研究亦為幫助我們了解香港歷史不可忽視的重要領域。 / 本研究說明基督教與香港社會、政治、經濟及地理等因素的互相摩擦與接觸，使基督教在香港歷史發展上，進入一個既交錯又融匯的混雜局面，並期望通過歷史研究，發掘普世教會合一運動的基督教傳統與本土香港基督教相遇的過程，從而綜述其中的變化與香港基督教教會本土化的獨特經驗。 / 本文以八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議為個案進行研究。該個案承繼了香港社會及教會在六、七十年代的種種發展，又延伸了香港社會及教會在九十年代甚至二十一世紀的各項討論，實有承先啟後的重要作用。並且，該個案其中的歷史變化及特點，均深刻地反映了香港對國際社會與中國的回應，饒有研究價值。二十世紀八十年代，香港社會急劇轉變。1984年中英聯合聲明草簽，九七主權轉移問題隨即成為香港人的核心討論。香港人心主權誰屬還是一個不確定的疑問。 八十年代的香港，無論在政治、經濟以及社會等方面，都進入空前特殊的時代。本研究即以香港基督教協進會所主辦的八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議作為一個瞭解八十年代初香港教會的窗口。 / 在1980年11月17-20日，約有120位教會代表參加「八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議」，除了會員教會和機構派員參加外，還有天主教及福音派教會和團體的代表參與，顯示該會議促進合一的努力和特性。各工作小組就每一項宣教議程進行商討及思考，然後提出建議，以供各教會參考之用。五項議程為向低薪市民傳福音、向學生傳福音、對國內基督徒關懷、對公共政策釐訂的參予及對市民心態的影響。由於1984年中英聯合聲明簽署，九七問題的迫近，協進會突破十年一次舉行香港教會諮詢會議的常規，提前在該會三十二週年的紀念日，即1986年1月19至22日舉行「八十年代中期香港教會使命諮詢會議」，不單視為八十年代諮詢會議的延續和檢討，更是對九七問題的急切回應，可見諮詢會議為香港教會和香港社會、政治、經濟合一的媒介之一。通過以上的會議，我們從香港教會普世合一運動的高峰、福音派和主流派的合作和了解、與殖民政府和中國關係的改變，以及教會對公共事務的實際參與等方面，來刻畫八十年代初香港教會與社會的面貌，從而說明教會普世運動在香港發展的獨特性，以及香港在回應國際與中國之際的本土社會變化。 / 最後，本研究從殖民、中國人、基督徒以及香港人等四個身份，說明香港基督教在建構香港身份認同過程中的角色與意義，以論證香港基督教在香港社會為不可或缺的部份，而香港基督教歷史研究亦是香港研究中不容忽視的部份。 / The thesis of my research is to articulate the crucial role of Christianity in the development of Hong Kong society through the reinterpretation of the history of Hong Kong Christianity in the ecumenical perspective. / Hong Kong church is an impetus for the sustainable development of Hong Kong society. The guiding principles of the ecumenical theology are one of the facilitators for the church to react with the political, economic and social development of Hong Kong. In my research, I will scrutinize the special ecumenical way of thinking. From that knowledge and sense of right and wrong, the church accelerated a lot of critical and significant decisions all the way through the history of Hong Kong. Prominently, it is a brand new perspective to study the role of church in Hong Kong history. There is no other work had been done on the history of Hong Kong Christianity in the ecumenical perspective. I aspire that we could gain a lot of new knowledge and ideas from this ecumenical perspective. / My research will examine the history of Hong Kong in the eighties in particular. Hong Kong went through drastic changes in the period. Politically, we faced the issue of sovereignty handover. Economically, we met the gigantic development in the property and stock market. Socially, we encountered extreme disparity between the rich and the poor. We are in the kairos (decisive moment of our time) of the history. The Hong Kong Christian Council had launched series of seminars and conferences throughout the eighties. The most influential conference is the mission consultation conference of the church in Hong Kong in the eighties. My research will examine this conference deeply and analyze the relationship between the church and the development of Hong Kong. I endeavor to give the reader a point of view of this rich and condense Hong Kong history in the eighties. / Nowadays, Hong Kong is in the very moment after the return to China. We are still searching for Hong Kong identity. We are still struggling for the better and more suitable way of living politically, economically and socially. Our history is our power. History is a mirror serving as an insight for us to measure our future. My research is intent to shine the Hong Kong history in an alternative perspective. I believe that we will lost in reflection from our heritage and empower for our future. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 湯泳詩. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-179). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Tang Yongshi. / 摘要 --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.III / 謝辭 --- p.V / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究主旨 --- p.2 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究價值 --- p.6 / Chapter 第一章 --- 香港基督教史研究述評 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港基督教史研究編年回顧 --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1 --- 二十世紀初至中華人民共和國成立 (1900-1949) --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- 戰後至九七回歸 (1950-1996) --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- 回歸後至2003 (1997-2003) --- p.15 / Chapter 第二節 --- 香港基督教史研究議題評論 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1 --- 殖民身份 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2 --- 中國人身份 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- 基督徒身份 --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- 香港人身份 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二章 --- 從合一運動的視角詮釋基督教史 --- p.25 / Chapter 第一節 --- 印度個案 --- p.25 / Chapter 第二節 --- 非洲個案 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三節 --- 美國個案 --- p.32 / Chapter 第四節 --- 回應 --- p.37 / 合一運動之體現普世教會協會歷史 (1948至2006) --- p.44 / Chapter 第一節 --- 合一運動沿革 --- p.44 / Chapter 1.1 --- 教會分裂 --- p.45 / Chapter 1.2 --- 宣教 --- p.45 / Chapter 1.3 --- 信仰與教制 --- p.46 / Chapter 1.4 --- 生命與工作 --- p.46 / Chapter 1.5 --- 教會合一 --- p.46 / Chapter 1.6 --- 合一運動在中國 --- p.47 / Chapter 第二節 --- 普世教會協會歷年大會 --- p.48 / Chapter 2.1 --- 亞姆斯特丹大會(AMSTERDAM 1948) --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2 --- 伊雲斯頓大會(EVANSTON 1954) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- 新德里大會(NEW DELHI 1961) --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4 --- 烏普薩拉大會 (UPPSALA 1968) --- p.52 / Chapter 2.5 --- 奈洛比大會 (NAIROBI 1975) --- p.53 / Chapter 2.6 --- 溫哥華大會(VANCOUVER 1983) --- p.54 / Chapter 2.7 --- 坎培拉大會(CANBERRA 1991) --- p.55 / Chapter 2.8 --- 哈拉雷大會(HARARE 1998) --- p.55 / Chapter 2.9 --- 波爾圖大會(PORTO ALEGRE 2006) --- p.55 / Chapter 第四章 --- 合一運動在香港 香港基督教協進會歷史 (1954至2005) --- p.57 / Chapter 第一節 --- 奠基階段(1954年-1977年) --- p.61 / Chapter 1.1 --- 普世教會合一運動 --- p.61 / Chapter 1.2 --- 香港教會合一運動 --- p.63 / Chapter 1.3 --- 基督教公民運動 --- p.68 / Chapter 1.4 --- 救濟賬災活動 --- p.69 / Chapter 第二節 --- 興盛階段(1978年-1988年) --- p.71 / Chapter 2.1 --- 監察公共政策及關注低下階層 --- p.72 / Chapter 2.2 --- 重建與國內教會關係 --- p.75 / Chapter 2.3 --- 香港教會使命神學反省 --- p.76 / Chapter 2.4 --- 其他運動 --- p.78 / Chapter 第三節 --- 摸索階段(1989年至2005年) --- p.80 / Chapter 3.1 --- 普世教會合一運動 --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2 --- 香港教會合一運動 --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3 --- 面對九七問題 --- p.86 / Chapter 3.4 --- 與國內教會關係 --- p.89 / Chapter 3.5 --- 救濟慈惠工作 --- p.91 / Chapter 第五章 --- 八十年代初香港教會的契機 --- p.93 / 以香港教會使命諮詢會議為個案 --- p.93 / Chapter 第一節 --- 歷屆香港教會使命諮詢會議簡述 --- p.94 / Chapter 1.1 --- 七十年代香港教會的使命 ── 路向與計劃諮商會議 --- p.94 / Chapter 1.2 --- 八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.96 / Chapter 1.3 --- 八十年代中期香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.96 / Chapter 1.4 --- 九十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.97 / Chapter 1.5 --- 九十年代香港教會使命中期諮詢會議 --- p.98 / Chapter 1.6 --- 廿一世紀香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.99 / Chapter 第二節 --- 八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.101 / Chapter 2.1 --- 香港教會使命研討會 --- p.101 / Chapter 2.2 --- 八十年代香港教會使命諮詢會議會議詳情 --- p.103 / Chapter 2.3 --- 八十年代中期香港教會使命諮詢會議 --- p.112 / Chapter 第三節 --- 八十年代初的香港教會 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.1 --- 香港教會普世合一運動的高峰 --- p.114 / Chapter 3.2 --- 福音派和主流派的合作和了解 --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3 --- 與殖民地政府和中國關係的改變 --- p.116 / Chapter 3.4 --- 教會對公共事務的實際參與 --- p.117 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.118 / Chapter 第六章 --- 身份的尋索 ── 以合一運動視角詮釋香港基督教歷史的意義 --- p.119 / Chapter 第一節 --- 殖民身份 --- p.121 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國人身份 --- p.123 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基督徒身份 --- p.126 / Chapter 第四節 --- 香港人身份 --- p.129 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.131 / 總結 --- p.133 / 徵引書目 --- p.137

Mid-Ming times witnessed the rise of Neo-Confucianized merchants in Huizhou. The combined effort of Cheng surnamed merchants and the prestigious scholar-official Cheng Minzheng revived the trend of lineage construction in a recognizable pattern. First, the branch Shi Zhong temples were made to be used as ancestral halls of the Chengs. Then, multi-volume genealogies of enlarged kinships were compiled to form conglomerated lineages. The climax of this lineage-building process was the publication of the Conglomerated Lineage of the Chengs of Huizhou (Xin'an Chengshi tongzong shipu) compiled by Cheng Minzheng in 1482. This work created a constructed lineage but also realized a long cherished social ideal of the Confucian scholar. The local merchants were enthusiastic about such lineage-building activities, because the lineage itself facilitated their commercial enterprises and the building of it lessened the social tension brought about by their pursuit of profit. / The founding of the Ming dynasty influenced Huizhou in two ways. First, powerful families rising from Yuan times were weakened during the Hongwu and Yongle reigns. Consequently, Neo-Confucian social practices local elites supported such as lineage construction became inactive. Second, the Ming pursued a state policy of regulating local cults. Of the many local gods in Huizhou, only Wang Hua and Cheng Lingxi became legitimate gods recognized by the state. As a result, the Shi Zhong (everlasting loyalty) Temple worshiping Cheng Lingxi became an official temple in Huizhou. In time, branch Shi Zhong temples appeared in many areas in Huizhou and nearby regions. / The Mongolian conquest of China saw new social mobility in Huizhou. A group of new power holders arose because of the new regime's recruitment policy, which emphasized the appointee's class background and ability to collect taxes. The suspension of civil examinations in early Yuan times drove a large number of Confucian office-aspirants to become teachers in rural schools. These literati, however, helped spread Neo-Confucianism more widely than before. By late Yuan times, the new power holders in Huizhou also absorbed Neo-Confucianism and put it into practice in the construction of lineage halls and in the compilation of genealogies. Neo-Confucianism became socialized. / The study analyzes the various elements that made the Cheng lineage and defines these elements in the historical context of Huizhou from the Southern Song to the mid-Ming. Crucial elements include the rise of Cheng Lingxi, a famous warlord in sixth century. Cheng Lingxi was rewarded an official title by the Southern Song dynasty for which he became an authoritative god in early Ming times. Huizhou prefecture assumed increasing importance in Southern Song times because of its proximity to the capital at Lin'an. It became a communication hub for metropolitan Lin'an and the inland areas. Local government in Huizhou was strengthened and elites there entered the political center through civil examinations. Zhu Xi and his version of Neo-Confucianism were also well received there in late Southern Song times when both became orthodox. / This dissertation studies the construction process of the conglomerate lineage of the Chengs in Huizhou prefecture in mid-Ming China. This organization used the rule of decent-line to unite the families bearing the surname of Cheng and maintained the unity by means of genealogies and ancestral halls. The emergence of the conglomerated Cheng lineage bespeaks the emergence of a Neo-Confucian order jointly built by literati-officials and rising merchants in mid-Ming Huizhou. / 章毅. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 232-241). / Adviser: Hung-lam Chu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: A, page: 0687. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 232-241). / Zhang Yi.

楊衛華. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 468-475) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Yang Weihua.

謝曉輝. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 242-252). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 242-252). / Xie Xiaohui.

本文主要針對清代杭州城一棟性質在天后宮與天主堂之間多次轉化的宗教建築，探討其對清代杭州城社會生活與公共空間的影響。 / 除緒論、結論外，全文共包括四章。緒論介紹論文結構，並簡單梳理近來中國城市史研究的進展和相關議題。另外，在緒論中特別提到了韓書瑞（SusanNaquin）關於廟宇與明清北京城市歷史與生活的專著。此書透過宗教建築的變遷和作為城市公共場所的功能來看其對城市歷史的反映以及對城市生活的影響，對本文的研究視角和取徑產生了重要的指導作用。 / 第一章介紹清代杭州城內政治、經濟與宗教文化等不同區位的形成以及城市管理概況，以說明數座天后宮在杭州城內原本坐落的不同位置以及其後的主要變化。第二章以明末清初到雍正八年之間天主教在杭州的發展歷史為線索，介紹杭州天主堂的建立以及之後因為禁教而改做武林門天后宮的背景，藉以分梳政府宗教政策以及地方宗教管理實務之間的複雜互動。第三章探究武林門天后宮在雍正八年以後的發展，並特別著重討論官員、文人與紳商家族的各種互動關係。第四章討論由鴉片戰爭到太平天國軍隊撤離杭州的道光、咸豐、同治期間，武林門天后宮如何又在戰爭與外交局勢變動過程中而再回天后宮改為天主堂的歷史。結論強調：基於宗教建築不斷變化其性質、功能、以及在城市公共生活中扮演的不同角色，人們可以從中了解國家的對內與對外政策以及地方行政管理如何實際影響著城市的面貌，而變化的城市面貌，又將影響城市的歷史與公共生活。 / This thesis examines the urban history of Qing dynasty Hangzhou by closely analyzing the religious architecture of one Tianhou temple and one Catholic Church. This examination summarizes the evolution of these features and offers some thoughts on the influence that those changes made to social life and public spaces in Hangzhou. / Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this thesis consists of four chapters. The introduction briefly reviews works Chinese urban history by scholars from Hong Kong, Taiwan, Mainland China and abroad. It then surveys the types of historical material used in the project. In particular, it reviews the contributions in Susan Naquin’s work on Beijing’stemples in Ming and Qing China as a major source of inspiration for the perspective taken in this work, as it draws upon Naquin’s perspective on religious architecture as a part of a city’s public space in order to combine an analysis on social life and urban history. / The first chapter discusses the history of Hangzhou’s administration and its political, economic, cultural and religious development in the Qing Dynasty. It then outlines the history of the locations and major changes to the Tianhou temples dedicated to the goddess Mazu throughout the city. / The second chapter begins at the end of Ming Dynasty and ends in 1730. Over this period of time, Catholicism became more popular in Hangzhou, and people built a glamorous Catholic church in the city. In 1730, provincial governor Liwei turned Hangzhou Catholic Church into the Wulin Men (the Gate of Wulin) Tianhou temple because of the Yongzheng Emperor’s prohibition of Catholicism. The case study in this chapter allows the author an opportunity to discuss the complicated interaction between governmental religious policy and local administration. / Chapter three concerns the development of Wulin Men Tianhou temple in the following century. This chapter pays special attention to the interaction of local government officials, literati, and gentry-merchant families. / Chapter four covers wars and changing diplomatic situations happened from the Opium War to the early years of the Tongzhi Reign. This chapter relates the lifting of the taboo on Catholicism in the late Qing and the transformation of the Wulin Men Tianhou temple back into a church. / The conclusion emphasizes: From the changing nature of religious buildings, as well as attention to its shifting functions and roles in urban life, one may understand something about how the internal and external policies of the government combined in local administration and development. This perspective can change our perspective on our city, which will in turn influence its history and public life. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 楊歌. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-158). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Yang Ge.