No description available.

Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee-colected pollens collected from beehive station Lískovec near the town Volary in the Protected Landscape Area of Šumava. Bee-collected pollens were collected once a week from one honey bee colony with using of a pollen trap. The time of collection was summer and late summer period from 22 June to 11 September 2010. Bee-collected pollens were dried, categorized by color, weighed and observed using the microscope. Pollen grains were determined by the number and type of apertures, shape, sculpture and size. Size of pollen grains was measured on at least 50 pollen grains of one type. In each microscopic slide were counted at least 500 pollen grains. The proportion of plant species in the sample was expressed as a percentage and the importace of plant species was evaluated in the diet of honey bees in the area of interest. Selected samples of bee-collected pollens from beehive station Lískovec and also from beehive station Dobčice were investigated for protein content and amino acid composition. Pollen belonging to Polemonium coeruleum, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens was evaluated as an important source of protein and amino acids for honey bees. The concentration of essential amino acids expressed as percentages of total amount of amino acids did not differ significantly between samples of bee-collected pollen. Another objective of the work was to compare the results from the area of interest with the results processed in the similar study from beehive station Dobčice in the northern area of the landscape Blanský les. The work also includes statistical evaluation of dominance, frequency, Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and variability between samples and species. The work is complemented by photographs of selected pollen grains.

Objective of the work was to identify with using pollen analysis botanical origin of bee pollens. Pollen analysis consisted in the distribution of samples to individual sub-samples . Samples were weighed and a part of them was dissolved in a solution of glycerin and water. Dissolved samples were viewed under a microscope. Pollen was removed by the beekeeper Mgr .Milan Trhlín with using a device called pollen catcher. The samples were collected in the year 2011 in the spring and early summer period from beehive location on the hill Lískovec, of the protected landscape Šumava 1,8 km west of city Volary, at a time of 25. march to 24. june. Another objective of the work was with using phytocenology study, in the distance 1,5 km from the beehive habitat, evaluate the structure of plant association from the point of nutrition honeybees. The work also includes evaluation preference bees for individual plant species. There were detected, that bees prefer the plants that provide the best digest pollen and the plants which grows up to 1,5 km from beehive habitat. There were distinguised 32 types of pollen grains.

The work deals with pollen analysis which was focused on botanical origin of pollen loads where the samples were taken in the area of Zbudkovské morasses in the surroundings of village Hlatavce, district of České Budějovice. The goal of this work was to evaluate individual plant species in the food of honey bee and its flight range from the beehive, supposed to be cca 2km. The samples were taken in 2017, summer and autmn period with a facility called pollen traps. The analysis was based on the classification of pollen loads according to individual colors. The structure of the pollen grain was analysed under a microscope (exina and apertures) and indentified according to database. Microscopic formulation was prepared by deluting pollen loads in glycerin and water. The work was supplementid by photos. Totally there were found 24 kinds of pollen grains in the specific period, the greatest part of pollen loads consisted of 38,22% trifolium types.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao parcial.pdf: 561960 bytes, checksum: 92a8456c4a860ce6018dbef6fcbde123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Honey is a very traditional food. In additional, several customers have been daily used a large number of honeys due to their particular nutritional quality (e.g. vitamins and minerals), high energy values, their medicinal uses (as antioxidant and antiseptic properties) and their sensorial features. Moreover some aspects of the commercially available honeys as price and quality are usually related to their botanical origin or chemical compositions. The aim of this work was to perform the botanical authentication and to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of samples (n=13) labeled as monofloral honeys from the region of Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brazil. Eight samples analyzed was according to the Brazilian regulation and five achieved low values for the required diastase index. The botanical origin was reported by the pollen analysis. Six samples were regarded as monofloral honeys. The other honey samples were of bifloral (n=1) or heterofloral (n=6) origin. All analyzed honeys presented total phenolic in mg EC.100g-1 of honey, varying between 30,40 (± 0,74) and 176,07 (± 2,53). The antioxidant activity in phenolic extract (10) varied between 31,66 (± 1,11) and 75,23 (± 0,76), with a correlation of 0.7021 between these parameters. When sensibility of the microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and antimicrobial activity were studied, an unrelated behavior was verified. / O mel é um alimento muito apreciado, em função do seu sabor característico e do seu considerável valor nutritivo. Sua qualidade nutricional, devida à presença de vitaminas e minerais, seu valor energético elevado, suas propriedades medicinais, como a ação antioxidante e a atividade anti-séptica, e suas propriedades sensoriais têm atraído inúmeros consumidores. O preço e a qualidade do mel estão, normalmente, relacionados com a sua origem botânica ou floral e com a sua composição química. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a origem floral e avaliar a atividade antioxidante e a ação antimicrobiana de méis (n=13) declarados como monoflorais, comercializados na região dos Campos Gerais do Paraná. Oito das amostras analisadas atenderam às especificações físico-químicas estabelecidas pela legislação brasileira e cinco amostras apresentaram, para o índice de diastase, valores inferiores aos exigidos. A origem botânica foi determinada pela análise polínica, classificando seis amostras como mel monofloral, uma amostra como bifloral e seis amostras como heteroflorais. Em todas as amostras de méis estudadas foram encontrados teores de fenólicos totais, em mg CE.100 g-1 de mel, variando de 30,40 (± 0,74) a 176,07 (± 2,53). A atividade antioxidante, determinada nos extratos de fenólicos do mel, diluídos a 10 (V/V), variou de 31,66 (± 1,11) a 75,23 (± 0,76). Foi encontrada uma correlação de 0,7021 entre esses dois parâmetros. A atividade antimicrobiana revelou um comportamento variável, tanto no que se refere à sensibilidade dos microrganismos (Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli), quanto ao poder antimicrobiano das amostras testadas.

This research employs a modern analogue approach to examine relationships between pollen, vegetation change, and land use in the tropical environments of Island Southeast Asia over the past ~5000 years. Interpretation of fossil pollen data relies upon uniformitarian principles. Few modern pollen- vegetation studies from the region exist, and those that do have focused on climatic or ecological aims. Main contributions of this study are: the collection and analysis of modern botanical data and pollen assemblages from various human-modified and ‘natural’ vegetation types; and the comparison of this modern dataset with fossil pollen sequences in order to test hypotheses relating to signatures of past land use. Some fossil assemblages showed statistical similarity with those from modern ‘cultured’ landscapes, whilst others aligned more closely with those from natural vegetation. Cores from the northern Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, contain assemblages from 1700 cal BP onwards that are similar to those produced by modern arboriculture; a core from the southern Highlands contains fossil assemblages as old as 2000 cal BP that align with those from modern wet rice paddies. These ages coincide with the earliest archaeological dates from nearby sites. Earlier vegetation changes appear to relate to edaphic development and climatic fluctuations. In northern Palawan, western Philippines, the first fossil pollen sequence from the island records post-5000 cal BP marine regression, hydrological fluctuations that are likely related to ENSO cyclicities, and persistence of open landscapes with minor evidence of closed forest after 2750 cal BP. This contrasts with existing proxy data that imply increasingly closed forest through the Holocene. In a region where direct archaeobotanical evidence is sparse, and little modern pollen- vegetation work has been done, this research contributes to clarifying modes and timings of changes in subsistence-related disturbance, as well as bolstering recent interpretations from other palaeoclimatic proxies for ENSO intensification from ~4000 cal BP. These results, and those from similar future studies, can provide baseline data for long-term monitoring and conservation initiatives.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-30T12:33:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Ricardo da Silva.pdf: 2807070 bytes, checksum: a396ead3497c7e6defcd09112e6c5043 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T12:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Ricardo da Silva.pdf: 2807070 bytes, checksum: a396ead3497c7e6defcd09112e6c5043 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-17 / ] The species of stingless bee Melipona mandacaia is popularly known as mandaçaia and is native to northeastern Brazil. This study analyzed honey and geopropolis of mandaçaia. For honey were carried out pollen, physical and chemical analysis such as moisture, pH, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural, ash content, reducing sugars and water activity, amino acids, minerals and antiradical activity of four samples of honey. The major phenolic constituents of honey were extracted and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Efficiency coupled to the Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). Pollen analysis showed that the dominant pollen in honey samples was the plant species Mimosa arenosa (Fabaceae / Mimosoideae) ranging from 44.4% to 61.7%. The identified flavonoids quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol acid derivatives: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, 1,2-dihydroxybenzoic, caffeic, cinnamic and ferulic were quantified. All honey samples showed the amino acid proline, alanine, serine and threonine. The minerals were the predominant calcium and potassium. All honeys showed scavenging activity of free radical front to DPPH and ABTS. For geopropolis of mandaçaia was determined to botanical origin, phenolics were quantified by HPLC-DAD and the antioxidant activity was determined by testing with DPPH, ABTS and beta carotene / linoleic acid system. Pollen analysis of nine samples geopropolis showed the presence of 25 types of pollen representing fifteen families. The Senna species (Leguminoseae) was the predominant pollen in eight of the nine samples. The phenol content in the geopropolis of mandaçaia were identified as caffeic acid, coumaric acid, trans-3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-methoxycinnamic acid and abscisic. All samples geopropolis showed antioxidant activity, except hexanic fractions that have been inactive for the free radical DPPH. / A espécie de abelha sem ferrão Melipona mandacaia é conhecida popularmente como mandaçaia e é nativa do Nordeste brasileiro. Neste estudo foi analisado o mel e a geoprópolis da mandaçaia. Foram realizadas as análises palinológicas, físico-químicas tais como umidade, pH, acidez livre, hidroximetilfurfural, teor de cinzas, açucares redutores e atividade de água, aminoácidos, minerais e atividade antirradicalar em quatro amostras de mel. Os principais constituintes fenólicos do mel foram extraídos e analisados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência acoplada ao Detector de Arranjo de Diodos (CLAE-DAD). A análise palinológica mostrou que o pólen predominante nas amostras de mel foi da espécie vegetal Mimosa arenosa (Fabaceae/Mimosoideae), variando de 44,4% a 61,7%. Os flavonoides identificados quercetina, luteolina, kampferol e os derivados de ácido: 3,4-dihidroxibenzoico, 1,2-dihidroxibenzoico, cafeico, cinâmico e ferúlico foram quantificados. Todas as amostras de mel apresentaram os aminoácidos prolina, alanina, serina e treonina. Os minerais predominantes foram o cálcio e potássio. Todos os méis apresentaram atividade sequestradora de radical livre frente ao DPPH e ABTS. A origem botânica da geoprópolis da mandaçaia foi determinada e os compostos fenólicos foram quantificados por CLAE-DAD e a atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelos testes com DPPH, ABTS e o sistema beta caroteno/ácido linoleico. A análise palinológica das nove amostras de geoprópolis mostraram a presença de 25 tipos de pólen representando quinze famílias. O tipo polínico Senna (Leguminoseae) foi o predominante em oito das nove amostras analisadas. Os fenólicos presentes na geoprópolis da mandaçaia foram identificados como sendo ácidos cafeico, cumárico, trans-3-hidroxicinâmico, abscísico e 4-metoxicinâmico. Todas as amostras de geoprópolis apresentaram atividade antioxidante, exceto as frações hexânicas que foram inativas para o radical livre DPPH.

No description available.

This thesis investigates past structure and dynamics of native Caledonian pine woodland, representing part of the western fringes of the northern European boreal woodlands. The biogeographical extent and Holocene history of the Scottish pine woods are well studied, yet questions remain at finer scales. This thesis is concerned with two factors over the recent Holocene oceanic period; (i) the long-term ecology within the woods; the spatio-temporal dynamics, the canopy structure, and community composition and continuity; and (ii) the former extent of the woods, especially the temporal pattern of the inferred easterly contraction in woodland over recent history. The importance of these factors - to ecologists, challenged with understanding the theories of equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes in long-lived woodland communities - and to conservation managers - challenged, by policy directives, with implementing the restoration and expansion of native woodlands - is discussed. Equally the identification and quantification of ecological detail over ecologically relevant temporal and spatial scales is an important challenge for palaeoecology. The thesis therefore applies fine spatial resolution pollen analyses over a network of sites, within, and at the western edge of, the extant woodland zone in east Glen Affric. Correlation between these individual site histories develops a detailed view of the grain and extent of woodland within the landscape, previously missing from western pine woods. Careful attention is paid to the interpretive potential and limitations of fine resolution palaeoecology; especially with regard (i) to techniques that can identify and spatially quantify stand-scale structure and community composition via reference to modern analogues; and (ii) to defining chronologies and elucidating rates and patterns of temporal change. The opportunities and limitations of the technique are explored and discussed, to ensure an understanding of the rigour and potential of the palaeoecological contribution to ecological research and to provide an evidence base for conservation. The application of 210Pb dating using the CRS and CIC models is explored. The CRS model is confirmed as suitable for peat deposits, but its use may mask fluctuations in peat sedimentation rate, which may be illustrated by the CIC model. The value of multiple 14C assays for each core and a need for a new approach to chronologies for application to fine-scale palaeecological studies is discussed. The relevant source area around the small basins in this semi-open pinewood is tentatively confirmed at 20 m from the pollen source. Tentative pollen productivity estimates for five key taxa in this ecosystem are presented. The temporal stability of native woodland in Glen Affric is confirmed to the eastern part of the extant woodland zone; but challenged to the west, where the open and semi-open landscape has a long history. Woodland diversity decreased over the last c. 200 years, and past woodland also shows a greater ground flora diversity. The western extent of the Caledonian woodland in this landscape may have changed little in the last c. 4000 years. Fluctuations, some clearly cyclical, in heath, and in woodland, communities are identified in the pollen record. The former may be aligned to changes in grazing regime or climatic shifts; and the latter to autochthonous shifts important in the maintenance of suitable edaphic conditions for the continuity of woodland. Former woodland is confirmed as likely to have been open in structure and mixed in tree species composition. The results presented here suggest that some caution should be applied to use of the term Caledonian, or native ‘pine’ forest: ‘Caledonian forest’ may better reflect the heterogeneity of past forests, particularly the importance, and persistence, of birch. The implications for conservation management and restoration are discussed. It may be difficult to establish a sustainable woodland to the west of the extant stands, and any pine woodland here may need to be mixed with stands of broadleaved trees to maintain or restore soil structure and ecological function. The landscape to the west may have been open for several thousands of years, and consideration of this is required when managing for the future to prevent loss of biodiversity.

Three continuous terrestrial high-resolution palaeoenvironmental records for the Late-glacial and the Holocene have been reconstructed for different ecosystems in Fuego-Patagonia on a longitudinal transect at latitude 53°S. The records describe the nature and extent of environmental and climatic changes inferred from palynological evidence supported by lithostratigraphy, tephrochronology and radiocarbon dating. The environmental changes recorded at the three sites displays a significant degree of synchrony in response to similar large-scale climatic changes. Clear stratigraphical evidence alongside the pollen record indicates a shift to warmer interstadial conditions between c. 14,800 Cal yr BP and 14,400 Cal yrs BP. During the period coeval with ACR the vegetation was dominated by cold resistant dry land herbs such as Poaceae, Asteraceae (Suf. Asteroideae) and Acaena, by c. 13,200 Cal yr BP the vegetation changed from the dominance of cold resistant dry land herbs towards more mesic conditions and the expansion of steppe dominated by Poaceae with patches of Nothofagus forest. The establishment of the forest and an eastward shift of the forest-steppe ecotone by c. 12,500 Cal yr BP from which a gradual shift from colder to warmer conditions and the relatively stronger influences of the SSWs is inferred. The sequence of Late-glacial environmental changes places Fuego-Patagonia within the new palaeoecological data provided by this study includes “the earliest” evidence for the establishment of subantarctic Nothofagus forest during the LGIT in Fuego-Patagonia. During the Early-Holocene two major phases of Nothofagus forest expansion were registered between c. 11,700 - 10,500 Cal yr BP and c. 9,500 - 8,200 Cal yr BP. These intervals of expansion of Nothofagus forest are separated by an interval of forest contraction in response to lower effective moisture between c. 10,500 - 9,500 Cal yr BP. An intense arid phase is inferred between c. 8,250 Cal yr BP and 6,800 Cal yr BP and probably leading to an increase in the amount of dry fuel available during the mid-Holocene in Fuego-Patagonia leading to the highest fire activity promoted by very weak SSWs at this time. The later Holocene was characterised by an increase in humidity and an inferred intensification of the SSWs.