Une série de complexes à base de titane porteurs de ligands aminodiols de différentes configuration (mélange de diastéréoisomère, meso, racémique ou chiral) ont été synthétisés et caractérisés par différentes techniques spectroscopiques. Ces complexes ont ensuite été utilisés comme amorceurs pour la polymérisation par ouverture de cycles de différents monomères hétérocycliques (L/rac-lactide, caprolactone, butyrolactone et triméthylène carbonate) via un mécanisme de coordination-insertion. Tous les complexes se sont révélés efficaces pour la polymérisation des lactides que ce soit en solution à 70°C ou en masse à 130°C avec un bon contrôle. Lors de la polymérisation du rac-lactide, le complexe porteur du ligand racémique a permis d‟obtenir un polylactide partiellement heterotactique, alors que tous les autres complexes n‟ont conduit qu‟à des polymères atactiques. Tous les complexes se sont également révélés très actifs pour la polymérisation de la caprolactone aussi bien en solution qu‟en masse à 70°C avec un bon contrôle. Des études cinétiques réalisées en solution ont permis de mettre en évidence un ordre cinétique unitaire en monomère. De bonnes activités ont également été obtenues pour la polymérisation de la butyrolactone et du triméthylène carbonate. De plus, le bon contrôle de ce type de la polymérisation a permis de synthétiser des copolymères à blocs du L/rac-lactide et de caprolactone. Enfin, la copolymérisation aléatoire de ces 2 monomères a permis de mettre en évidence une réactivité inversée par rapport aux réactions d'homopolymérisation. / A series of titanium isopropoxides complexes coordinated by enantiopure, racemic, meso and diastereomeric aminodiol ligands have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The complexes were tested as initiators for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters such as L/rac-lactide, caprolactone, butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate via coordination-insertion mechanism. In lactide polymerizations, all complexes showed significant activity both in solution at 70°C and in bulk at 130°C with a good control. The complex derived from rac-aminodiol ligand gave partially heterotactic polylactide in ROP of rac-lactide, whereas all other complexes yielded atactic polylactides. For caprolactone polymerizations, all complexes were found to be effective initiators under both solution and bulk conditions (up to 60% monomer conversion was reached within 10 min in bulk condition at 70°C), again with good control. Kinetic studies of ROP of lactides and caprolactone in solution conditions have been investigated and showed a first kinetic order in monomer. Significant activities were also observed for (ROP) of butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate. Block copolymers of caprolactone and lactides were successfully synthesized with these catalytic systems by sequential polymerization techniques. The complexes were also tested as initiators for the production of random copolymers containing caprolactone and lactides and a reverse order of reactivity was observed between lactide and caprolactone compared to homopolymerization.

Abstract not available

Bisphenol A used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins is ubiquitous in the environment. The raw material is released to the environment during the manufacturing process and by leaching from consumer products. Recent studies are suggesting that low-dose amounts of Bisphenol A may have adverse health effects on humans. The possibility of removing Bisphenol A from natural water sources or from solvents used to extract the material from consumer products before they enter the market has been studied. The use of model compounds and related substances (4-isopropylphenol, 4-(t-butyl) phenol, and nitrophenols) have been used to study their removal from aqueous solutions using column chromatography and Octolig®, a commercially available material with polyethylenediamine moieties covalently bonded to high-surface area silica gel. The experimental results suggest that 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol can be successfully removed while 3-nitrophenol, 4-isopropylphenol, and 4-(t-butyl) phenol did not yield a high percent removal. A look at the pKa of the compounds provides an interesting explanation of the results. It is suggested that the compounds with a pKa of approximately 8.3 or higher would require the solution to be at a high pH for anion formation. The resulting pH of the solution would simultaneously deprotonate the ethylenediamine moieties of Octolig® rendering it incapable of removing the anions by ionic interaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09665.pdf: 5199882 bytes, checksum: 82561843731e1ff278143adb437e1eeb (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09665.pdf: 5199882 bytes, checksum: 82561843731e1ff278143adb437e1eeb (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Polímeros dopados com complexos de terras raras são materiais vantajosos na produção de filmes para várias aplicações no campo da luminescência. Neste estudo de polímeros luminescentes obtidos a partir de polímeros como o policarbonato (PC) e o poli(9-vinilcarbazol) (PVK), os filmes dopados com o complexo diaquatris (tenoiltrifluoroacetonato) de európio (III) [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] foram preparados e suas propriedades térmicas e luminescentes no estado sólido relatadas. O comportamento térmico foi investigado por uso de calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC) e análise termogravimétrica (TGA). Devido à adição de complexo terras raras [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2] na matriz de PC e PVK, foram observadas alterações no comportamento térmico, relativo à transição vítrea e estabilidade térmica. As emissões finas características do íon Eu3+ decorrentes das transições 5DO → 7FJ (J = 0-4) indicaram a incorporação de íons de Eu3+ nos polímeros. Os filmes mostraram que a intensidade de emissão luminescente aumenta com o aumento da concentração de terras raras na matriz polimérica acompanhado por uma diminuição na estabilidade térmica. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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Since their discovery in the 1930s, polymeric foams have been widely used in the industry for a variety of applications such as acoustical and thermal insulation, filters, absorbents etc. The reason for this ascending trend can be attributed to factors such as cost, ease of processing and a high strength to weight ratio compared to non-foamed polymers. The purpose of this project was to develop an “indestructible” material made of polycarbonate (PC) for industrial applications. Due to the high price of polycarbonate, two foaming methods were investigated to reduce the amount of material used. Samples were foamed physically in supercritical CO2 or chemically with 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole. After thermal characterization of the foams in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), we saw that none of the foaming methods had an influence on the glass transition of polycarbonate. Micrographs taken in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that foams obtained in physical and chemical foaming had different structures. Indeed, samples foamed in supercritical CO2 exhibited a microcellular opened-cell structure with a high cell density and a homogeneous cell distribution. On the other hand, samples foamed with 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole had a macrocellular closed-cell structure with a much smaller cell density and a random cell distribution. Compression testing showed that polycarbonate foamed physically had a compression modulus a lot greater. Then, XLPE mesh 35 or 50 and wollastonite were added to the polymeric matrices to enhance the foaming process and the mechanical properties. DSC experiments showed that the addition of fillers changed the thermal properties of polycarbonate for both foaming methods by inducing a shift in glass transition. SEM revealed that fillers lowered the average cell diameter and increased the cell density. This phenomenon increased the compression modulus for polycarbonate foamed in supercritical CO2. However, mechanical properties decreased for samples foamed with 5-phenyl-1H-tetrazole due to their relative brittleness and the propagation of microcracks.