No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Increasing use is being made of various types of scientific evidence in court. The general requirement for the admissibility of such evidence is relevance. Although expert evidence is considered to be opinion evidence, it is admissible if it can assist the court to decide a fact in issue; provided that it is also reliable. In South Africa, the initial wide judicial discretion to either admit or exclude unconstitutionally obtained evidence, has developed into a more narrowly defined discretion under the final Constitution. Examples of scientific evidence, namely, DNA evidence, fingerprints, psychiatric evidence, bite-mark evidence and polygraph evidence are considered and problems inherent in the presentation of such evidence in courts in various jurisdictions are highlighted. An investigation of the presentation and evaluation of evidence in both the accusatorial and inquisitorial systems seems to indicate that the adversarial procedure has a marked influence on the evaluation of evidence / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)

Increasing use is being made of various types of scientific evidence in court. The general requirement for the admissibility of such evidence is relevance. Although expert evidence is considered to be opinion evidence, it is admissible if it can assist the court to decide a fact in issue; provided that it is also reliable. In South Africa, the initial wide judicial discretion to either admit or exclude unconstitutionally obtained evidence, has developed into a more narrowly defined discretion under the final Constitution. Examples of scientific evidence, namely, DNA evidence, fingerprints, psychiatric evidence, bite-mark evidence and polygraph evidence are considered and problems inherent in the presentation of such evidence in courts in various jurisdictions are highlighted. An investigation of the presentation and evaluation of evidence in both the accusatorial and inquisitorial systems seems to indicate that the adversarial procedure has a marked influence on the evaluation of evidence / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)

Объектом исследования является тревожность. Предметом исследования стала связь изменений показателей уровня тревожности в результате предтестовой беседы со стратегией прохождения СПФИ. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы (61 источник) и приложения. Объем магистерской диссертации 99 страница, на которых размещены 16 рисунков и 16 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по методу специального психофизиологического исследования с применением полиграфа. Представленные разделы посвящены описанию метода СПФИ и роли предтестовой беседы в СПФИ. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой обобщение по изучению теоретического материала. Во второй главе описаны представления о тревожности в психологии и обозначены методы диагностики тревожности в психологии. В выводах по второй главе обобщён материал по данной тематике. Третья глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам и методам: специальное психофизиологическое исследование с использованием полиграфа (СПФИ); метафорические ассоциативные карты (МАК); шкала ситуативной тревожности Спилбергера-Ханина; 10-и бальная шкала самооценки тревожности; измерение вегетативных показателей на основе данных тонометра. Также в главе представлен сравнительный анализ Манна Уитни и корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 3 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам и обоснована практическая значимость исследования. / The object of the study is anxiety. The subject of the study was the relationship of changes in anxiety level indicators as a result of a pre-test conversation with the strategy of passing the SPFI. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (61 sources) and an appendix. The volume of the master's thesis is 99 pages, which contain 16 figures and 16 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the method of special psychophysiological research using a polygraph. The presented sections are devoted to the description of the SPFI method and the role of the pre-test conversation in the SPFI. The conclusions of the first chapter are a generalization of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter describes the concepts of anxiety in psychology and identifies methods for diagnosing anxiety in psychology. The conclusions of the second chapter summarize the material on this topic. The third chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods and methods used: a special psychophysiological study using a polygraph (SPFI); metaphorical associative maps (MAC); the Spielberger-Khanin situational anxiety scale; a 10-point scale of self-assessment of anxiety; measurement of vegetative indicators based on tonometer data. The chapter also presents a comparative analysis of Mann Whitney and a correlation analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of Chapter 3 include the main results of an empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward and the practical significance of the study is substantiated.