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Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-06T13:50:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS THIAGO CÂNDIDO CUNHA - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 3145702 bytes, checksum: bad9f1c620f682b0e77a37c797d9bc37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-06T13:50:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS THIAGO CÂNDIDO CUNHA - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 3145702 bytes, checksum: bad9f1c620f682b0e77a37c797d9bc37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-22 / Capes / O hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) e o cloro estão entres os produtos químicos mais importantes na indústria e são produzidos simultaneamente pela eletrólise da salmoura. As células eletrolíticas são compostas de uma câmara catódica e uma anódica, separadas por um diafragma que permite a passagem dos íons por migração iônica. A maioria dos diafragmas se utilizam de amianto e as leis ambientais vigentes direcionam para extinção ou substituição deste material. Assim, foi realizado um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento de diafragmas alternativos à base de materiais poliméricos e aditivos que pudessem substituir o amianto e possibilitassem sua aplicação na indústria de cloro-soda. Para tanto, empregou-se fibras poliméricas, a exemplo do Polietileno de Ultra Alto Peso Molecular (PEUAPM), que resiste as condições severas do processo eletrolítico. Também se fez necessário o emprego da dopagem com carga inorgânica (argilas) para conferir menor permeabilidade aos diafragmas. Diante disso, foram desenvolvidos sistemas para deposição e caracterização dos diafragmas que possibilitam a reprodutividade e análises adequadas comparadas ao âmbito industrial. Partindo de um planejamento experimental de misturas com 5 diferentes fibras pode-se avaliar qual composição de diafragma favoreceu melhores resultados nos parâmetros da eletrólise. Os resultados se mostraram promissores, tendo em vista que dentre as 15 formulações testadas conseguiu-se chegar a uma composição cujas propriedades eletroquímicas atendem todas as especificações podendo inclusive ser aplicado em escala industrial. / Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and chlorine are among the most important chemicals in industry and are produced simultaneously by the electrolysis of brine. Electrolyte cells are consisted by a cathodic and anodic chamber, separated by a diaphragm that allows the passage of ions by ion migration. Most diaphragms using asbestos and environmental laws in use direct to extinction or replacement of this material. In this way, it was done a study on the development of alternative diaphragm based on polymeric materials and additives that could replace the asbestos and could allow its application in chlorine-soda industry. So, polymeric fibres was used, such as, Ultra High Molecular Weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), resisting the harsh conditions of the electrolytic process. Also it was studied the use of doping with inorganic fillers (clays) to provide less permeability to the diaphragms. For this, systems were developed for deposition and characterization of diaphragms that make it possible the reproducibility and suitable analysis compared to the industrial scope. Starting from experimental planning of mixtures with 5 different fibers, it was evaluated which composition of diaphragm given best results in the electrolysis parameters. The results were promising, considering that among the 15 formulations, it was reached a composition whose electrochemical properties meet all specifications and can even be applied on an industrial scale.

This dissertation presents the novel creation of a hybrid D-fiber electro-optic polymer electric field sensor. The sensor is made by removing a portion of the cladding from a D-shaped optical fiber, thus exposing the core to interaction with external stimulus. Then, an electro-optic polymer is deposited, partially replacing the core of the fiber. Next, the polymer is poled to endow it with electro-optic properties. This sensor is packaged in order to restore its mechanical strength. Because D-fiber is not intrinsically compatible with standard optical equipment it is fusion spliced to standard polarization maintaining fiber. Finally the sensor is tested for electro-optic sensitivity. The hybrid D-fiber electric field sensors designed and fabricated in this work meet the requirements of mechanical strength, temporal stability, minimal perturbation of the electric field by the sensor, and a small and flexible cross-sectional area so that it can be embedded into the device under test. A fully packaged hybrid electro-optic polymer D-fiber electric field sensor which is capable of detecting electric fields of 50 V/m at a frequency of 6 GHz is produced. The sensor's electro-optic response is shown to be temporally stable. Additionally, the sensor is physically robust, and physically and electrically non-intrusive. This work also adds a thorough understanding of the design and fabrication of D-fiber waveguides with a polymer material deposited in the core. Several new fabrication techniques are developed and presented. A path to greater electric field sensitivity is outlined for future research.