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Young developing fruits of nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) accumulate large deposits of non-fucosylated "storage" XG in periplasmic spaces of cotyledon cells. The only XG that is clearly fucosylated in these fruits Is the structural fraction (approx. 1% total) integrated into growing primary walk. Storage XG can be fucosylated by a nasturtium transferase in vitro, but this does not happen in vivo, even as a transitory signal required for secretion which would subsequently be cleaved to produce mature non-fucosylated storage XG in the periplasmic space. The two fucosylated subunits that are formed in vitro are identical to those found in structural XG in vivo. A block appears to develop in the secretory machinery of young cotyledon cells resulting in extended galactosylation and diversion of XG traffic to the periplasm without fucosylation. The primary walls buried beneath accretions of storage XG eventually swell and lose cohesion, probably because they continue to extend without incorporating components like fucosylated XG that are needed for maintaining wall integrity.

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Graduation date: 1994

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Pinheiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T12:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AlmenaradeSouzaFonseca_M.pdf: 2997804 bytes, checksum: a38c6684f77243ec7d052c713f98685d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a influência de carboidratos freqüentemente consumidos na dieta, como glicose, sacarose, frutose e dextrina, na fermentação e na síntese de polis sacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis pela placa dentária in vitro e a inibição destas atividades metabólicas promovida pelo íon citrato. Para tal, foi utilizada uma suspensão de placa dentária (10 mg / ml de tampão fosfato 0,01 pH 7,0), que foi incubada na presença dos substratos a 37°C, durante 2 horas para fermentação e 18 horas para a síntese de polissacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis (PEI). A fermentação foi medida por titulação com solução de NaOH 0,05N. A avaliação da síntese de PEI foi realizada pela dosagem de carboidratos totais. O citrato de sódio foi acrescentado aos meios de incubação, nas concentrações de 50 e 100 mM. Os resultados demonstraram que a glicose produziu a maior quantidade de ácidos e a sacarose sintetizou a maior quantidade de polissacarídeos extracelulares insolúveis, quando omparados com outros carboidratos. O capaz de inibir significativamente a polissacarídeos os extracelulares insolúveis, quando comparados com outros carboidratos. O capaz de inibir significativamente a polissacarídeos os extracelulares insolúveis / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of carbohydrates often consumed in diet, as glucose, sucrose, fructose and dextrio, on fermentation and synthesis of extracellular insoluble polysaccarides of dental paque, in vitro and the inhibition of these metabolic activities produced by citrate. So, it was used a suspension of dental paque (10 mg/ml of phosphate buffer 0,01M pH 7,0 ), that was incubated at presence of substrates at 37 'DEGREE' C, for 2 hours for fermentation and 18 hours for synthesis of insoluble, palysaccarides. The fermentation was measured by titration with 0.05N NaOH solution. The estimation of the synthesis of insoluble polysaccarides was achieved by dosage of total carbohydrates. The sodium citrate was increased in an incubation medium on 50 and 100 mM of concentration. The results indicated that the glucose showed the largest acid production activity and sucrose promoted the greatest synthesis of insoluble polysaccarides, when compared with the other carbohydrates. The citrate was able to inhibit the carbohydrate fermentation and showed itself a great inhibitor of synthesis of extracellular insoluble polysaccarides / Mestrado / Fisiologia e Biofisica do Sistema Estomatognatico / Mestre em Odontologia

Many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria produce an additional thick layer of carbohydrate polymers on the cell wall surface. These capsules (capsular polysaccharides; CPS) play critical roles in interactions between bacteria and their environments (Whitfield, 2006). This is especially important in infection processes since for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens CPS is the point of first contact with the host immune system (Whitfield, 2006). However, the details of CPS biosynthesis and assembly mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we embarked on structural and kinetic studies of the proteins Wzc, Wza and Wzb/ Cps4B from the Wzy-dependent pathway, as well as the protein WbdD from the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter dependent system. Full-length Wzc failed to crystallise due to the presence of large disordered regions and the overall difficulty of membrane protein crystallisation. A truncated version of Wzc (1-480) without the C-terminal tyrosine kinase domain was crystallised and diffracted to 15 Å in house. A previous study suggested Wza and Wzc form a functional complex (Whitfield, 2006), so Wza was also studied. Since the full-length Wza structure is available (C. Dong et al., 2006), Pulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy (PELDOR) was used to study the conformational change. The PELDOR spectroscopy distance fingerprint of Wza was determined. These data also confirmed that PELDOR is a powerful tool to study large, highly symmetrical membrane proteins and can be used to study other complex membrane protein systems, such as ion channels or transporters. The crystal structure of Wzb the cognate phosphatase of Wzc was determined to 2.2 Å. Also Cps4B, which is a functional homologue of Wzb but has a completely unrelated sequence, was crystallised in two crystal forms. Form I and II Cps4B crystals diffracted to 2.8 Å and 1.9 Å resolution in house, respectively. The full-length WbdD failed to crystallise due to the presence of large disordered regions. Therefore, a shorter construct, WbdD₅₅₆ (1-556) was cloned and crystallised. The structure was determined to 2.2 Å. WbdD is a bifunctional enzyme consisting of a methyltransferase (MTase) and a kinase domain. In order to better understand the function of this protein, a variety of techniques were used, such as the ADP-Glo kinase assay, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray crystallography. The various findings in the current projects provide meaningful insights towards a better understanding of the CPS biosynthesis and assembly mechanisms, which may contribute to a more intensive study identifying inhibitors and beginning to unravel the mechanism of chain length regulation.

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