Au Moyen Âge apparaissent régulièrement des hommes d’Église en armes, souvent des évêques. A la fois prêtres et seigneurs, ces hommes se battent pour des raisons variées : le service du roi, la cause de l’Église, ou encore pour leurs propres intérêts. Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de ces hommes et des normes culturelles, juridiques et sociales qui conditionnent leur conduite : culture noble et militaire, devoirs envers le roi, droit canonique. La Période étudiée s'étend du début du Grand Schisme (1378) à la veille de la Réforme luthérienne (1517). C'est une période marquée par la guerre, surtout pendant la première moitié du siècle ; les prélats prennent souvent part à ces conflits. D'un autre côté, la Guerre de Cent Ans favorise l'évolution des institutions militaires, une modernisation qui tend à décharger les ecclésiastiques de leurs devoirs d'origine féodale. Les prélats qui participent aux guerres, même les plus scandaleux, ne sont que rarement punis. Lors des conciles, des critiques à leur encontre sont exprimées, mais elles ne conduisent à aucune mesure concrète. En fait, de nombreuses raisons peuvent justifier la conduite des prélats combattants. / In the Middle Ages, Clerics bearing arms, often bishops, regularly appear. Both priests and secular lords, these men fight for various reasons: to serve the king, for the cause of the Church, or even for their own interests. This is a study of these prelates and of the cultural, legal and social norms that condition their behaviour: noble and military culture, various services owed to the the king, limits brought by canon law. The chosen period begins with the Great Schism (1378) and ends at the dawn of the Lutherian Reform (1517). In France, this time is marked by the omnipresence of war, especially in the first half of the century; prelates often have to take part in these conflicts. On the other hand, the Hundred Years War induce the development of new military institutions, which tend to discharge bishops and abbots from the old feudal obligations. Prelates who engage in warfare are only rarely punished, even the most scandalous ones.At the councils, critics are expressed against them, but they lead to no conclusion. In fact, many reasons may justify the conduct of fighting bishops.

0 ABSTRACT In my thesis I focus on the political situation in the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Kingdom of France during the Great Western Schism, particularly its first two thirds. I put emphasis on the personality of Honoré Bovet, who was a diplomat and a messenger of the French king and who visited the court of the Bohemian king, Wecleslas IV. in 1399 My work is based on primary and secondary sources and scientific and specialised literature concerning the subject mentioned above. In addition I made use of my one- semester study program in France where I attended the lectures of and consultations with French medieval historians. First I describe in the thesis the ecclesiastical and political situation in both kingdoms. The next chapters are dedicated to the personality of Honoré Bovet and his writings related to his opinion on the Great Western Schism and the church in general. As a result of the research I present a general attitude of the French Kingdom to the Bohemian Kingdom, particularly king Wenceslas IV, in the period of the Great Western Schism and the dual papacy. Moreover, based on his writings I express Bovet's view of the Schism and the personalities involved in the Schism.