Según Alcatara y Quispe (2017), “La producción nacional de maíz tiene ciertas vulnerabilidades para abastecer la demanda nacional, como consecuencia de esto menciona una tendencia positiva en las importaciones peruanas de maíz”. La tendencia de importación de MAD (Maíz amarillo duro) es elevada debido a que existe una fuerte demanda por parte del sector avícola y porcino, quienes usan este grano como insumo para la producción de carne de ave y puerco. A su vez el consumo nacional de carne de ave y porcina aumentan año a año (Posada,2018). Por los dos hechos anteriores se puede inferir una situación de dependencia a las importaciones de maíz amarillo duro y por ende se vuelve relevante estudiar los factores que afectan a la misma. Se formuló la siguiente hipótesis: “Los factores que determinaron las importaciones peruanas de maíz amarillo duro (1005.90.11.00) entre los años 2005- 2018 fueron la producción de carne de ave, el costo de los fletes, la importación peruana de MAD las barreras arancelarias. Para comprobarla se recurrió a un método de investigación científica, tomando como datos: carne ave, flete e importaciones de maíz. A continuación, analizaremos las características de cada uno de los determinantes que influyen en la importación de dicho grano, y se realizarán las pruebas necesarias para determinar las variables que involucra, con la finalidad de entender el desempeño de la importación y su incremento porcentual anual. / According to Alcatara and Quispe (2017), "The national production of corn has certain vulnerabilities to supply the national demand, as a consequence of this it mentions a positive trend in Peruvian corn imports." The import trend of MAD (hard yellow corn) is high because there is a strong demand from the poultry and pig sector, who use this grain as an input for the production of poultry and pork. In turn, the national consumption of poultry and swine meat increases year by year (Posada, 2018). Due to the two previous facts, a situation of dependence on hard yellow corn imports can be inferred and therefore it becomes relevant to study the factors that affect it. The following hypothesis was formulated: “The factors that determined Peruvian imports of hard yellow corn (1005.90.11.00) between 2005-2018 were the production of poultry, the cost of freight, the Peruvian import of MAD barriers Tariffs To verify it, a scientific research method was used, taking as data: poultry, freight and corn imports. Next, we will analyze the characteristics of each of the determinants that influence the import of said grain, and the necessary tests will be carried out to determine the variables involved, in order to understand the import performance and its annual percentage increase. / Tesis

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-04-25T11:39:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2379232 bytes, checksum: 807c04016d4e0a1706afae612421c52c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T11:39:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2379232 bytes, checksum: 807c04016d4e0a1706afae612421c52c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / With technological advances and market changes, the organizations have been faced with the need for change and making knowledge an essential tool. In this context, knowledge management has been an essential factor for organizations. Another relevant change are the organization of work models that present in the productive organization help knowledge management. This occurs in all segments, including the poultry sector. This dissertation addresses this question by analyzing the relationship between knowledge management based on the Terra model and the organization of work in a company in the poultry sector. To do it, there was a literature, to support models of Knowledge Management and Organization of Work. The methodology used was classified as applied nature, quantitative and qualitative approach and descriptive and exploratory objective, using the case study. Data collection was conducted through on-site observation and questionnaire. For data analysis we used descriptive statistics, factor analysis, qualitative data analysis and explanations of the observations when appropriate. The results showed that the company uses researched practices of the organization of the Taylorist-Fordist work model, considering the prescriptive features and control in making the product, but with a degree of flexibility in their social relations work. Knowledge management practices are concentrated in positions of middle management, as the strategies and information systems. The organizational structure, human resources policies and measurement results are not focused on knowledge management needs improvement. The result arising from factor analysis to identify the relationship between knowledge management and the organization of work submitted eleven factors, where five of these contains correlation of the two concepts. The first pointed to a relationship between the integration of work and culture, some strategies and HR policies. The second identified that there is information system functions and measuring results by interfering in workers pay. The third showed that the organizational structure influences interfere in training and in quality control. The fourth pointed out that the pace of work influence on team building. And the fifth showed an interaction of prescriptive features with the goals set by the company. Thus, it was concluded that the way the organization of labor used in the company exerts great influence on knowledge management from the simplest activities and firmer construction. It is recommended that are subsequently carried out research with the company's managers and in other production units and establish a comparison to determine if the results are present throughout the organization. / Com os avanços tecnológicos e transformações do mercado, as organizações tem se deparado com a necessidade de mudanças e tornando conhecimento uma ferramenta essencial. Nesse contexto, a gestão do conhecimento tem se mostrado um fator imprescindível para as organizações. Outro ponto relevante de mudança são os modelos de organização do trabalho que presentes na organização produtiva auxiliam a gestão do conhecimento. Isso ocorre em todos os segmentos, inclusive no setor avícola. Esta dissertação aborda esta questão ao analisar as relações existentes entre a gestão do conhecimento com base no modelo Terra e a organização do trabalho em uma empresa do setor avícola. Para realizá-la, fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico, para fundamentar os modelos de Gestão do Conhecimento e Organização do Trabalho. A metodologia utilizada foi classificada com de natureza aplicada, abordagem quantiqualitativa e objetivo descritivo e exploratório, utilizando o estudo de caso. A coleta de dados se realizou mediante observação in loco e a aplicação de questionário. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da estatística descritiva, uma análise fatorial, a análise qualitativa dos dados e explanações das observações quando cabíveis. Os resultados apresentaram que a empresa pesquisada utiliza práticas do modelo de organização do trabalho Taylorista-Fordista, considerando as características prescritivas e de controle na realização do produto, mas com certo grau de flexibilidade em suas relações sociais do trabalho. As práticas de gestão do conhecimento concentram-se nos cargos de média gerência, como as estratégias e os sistemas de informação. A estrutura organizacional, políticas de Recursos Humanos e mensuração de resultados não estão focadas com a Gestão do Conhecimento necessita de melhorias. O resultado decorrente da Análise Fatorial para identificar as relações entre a gestão do conhecimento e a organização do trabalho apresentou 11 fatores, onde cinco destes contém correlação dos dois conceitos. O primeiro apontou para uma relação entre a integração do trabalho com a cultura, estratégias e algumas políticas de Recursos Humanos. O segundo identificou que há funções do Sistema de Informações e da mensuração dos resultados interferindo na remuneração dos trabalhadores. O terceiro mostrou que a estrutura organizacional interfere nos treinamentos e no controle da qualidade. O quarto apontou que o ritmo de trabalho influencia na formação de equipes. E o quinto apresentou uma interação das características prescritivas com as metas estabelecidas pela empresa. Assim, concluiu-se que a forma como a organização do trabalho utilizado na empresa exerce grande influencia na gestão do conhecimento desde as atividades mais simples às de construção mais firme. Recomenda-se que sejam realizadas posteriormente pesquisas com os gestores da empresa e nas demais unidades produtivas e estabelecer um comparativo para identificar se os resultados obtidos estão presentes em toda a organização.

Una empresa de consumo masivo, líder en el sector avícola, presenta una tendencia decreciente en el mercado, en uno de sus giros de negocio del canal de ventas Food Service, el giro Horeca, conforme lo demuestran sus estadísticas. El presente trabajo, parte de esta premisa, y desarrolla un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo que permite concluir que el problema es la inadecuación del modelo de distribución general de la corporación para el giro Horeca. Se desarrolla una nueva estrategia de negocio para este giro, con un claro enfoque en un modelo de distribución apropiado, que responda a todas las variables críticas, y que tenga sentido dentro del contexto de la empresa que gestiona un negocio en marcha. Se analiza el concepto de respuesta eficiente al consumidor, y dos estrategias son propuestas: la descentralización de almacenes; y la entrega certificada nocturna. Ambas se presentan y son sometidas a una matriz de priorización, concluyéndose que, para efectos del presente trabajo, la opción a implementar es la entrega certificada nocturna que se implementa como un complemento, que agrega valor al sistema de distribución general, y propone una solución al sistema de distribución del giro de negocio Horeca. Implementación que es planteada en su fase inicial, tanto en lo que respecta a una implementación operativa, como al análisis financiero de la misma, que sustenta su viabilidad. / In a leader mass consumption company in the poultry sector, its Horeca business unit, one of the Food Service sales channel, has been showing a decreasing trend in its market position. From this premise as a starting point, a quantitative and qualitative analysis have been developed, to determine the root cause of the Horeca business unit problem. The analysis lead us to conclude that the problem cause is the inadequacy of the corporation's general distribution model applied to the Horeca business unit. A new business strategy is developed for Horeca, focused on an appropriate distribution model to respond to the critical variables of this business unit, and also taking into consideration the company context as an ongoing business which the Horeca unit is part of. To develop an improved distribution model proposal, the efficient consumer response (ECR) concept is analyzed, and two strategies were presented and evaluated: a warehouse decentralization and the certified delivery in late hours. Both were subjected to a prioritization matrix, and as a result, for the purposes of this work, the option to be implemented is the certified delivery in late hours, as an alternative that solves the Horeca distribution model problem and complements the general distribution system as an added value. The implementation of the certified delivery in late hour distribution model, is developed for an initial phase, supported by its viability financial analysis. / Tesis

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / As a signatory to the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) agreement, a preferential trade agreement (PTA) with the United States, South Africa derives several benefits. PTAs grant access to certain products from developing countries and, while the tariffs are sometimes not completely removed, the tariffs charged are far less than those imposed on countries that are not included in the trade agreement. There is strong evidence that PTAs increase trade and investment between member countries. South African exports of goods and services to the US under AGOA have increased by 104% since 2000. While PTAs seem to benefit developing countries at the aggregate level, not much is known about the winners and losers from preferential trade liberalisation at the level of the firm. This study assessed the PTA benefits of AGOA at the firm level within the South African poultry sector. / 2023