Orientadores: Jose Pissolato Filho, Afonso Jose do Prado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_JoseCarlosdaCosta_D.pdf: 4388913 bytes, checksum: c565c846bae4e32b03dcef712a2494df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As matrizes de transformação reais e constantes são aplicadas como matrizes de transformação fase-modo características de um sistema simétrico com circuito trifásico duplo transposto e de duas linhas de transmissão paralelas transpostas com circuito trifásico duplo. Essas matrizes de transformação reais e constantes são baseadas na matriz de Clarke. Usando a combinação linear dos elementos da matriz de Clarke, as técnicas aplicadas para linhas trifásicas simples são ampliadas para sistemas com 6 e 12 condutores de fase. Para uma linha trifásica dupla transposta, as matrizes Z e Y são convertidas em matrizes diagonais no domínio dos modos. Considerando um caso não transposto de uma linha trifásica dupla, os resultados não são exatos e as análises de erros são realizadas mediante os autovalores. No caso de duas linhas trifásicas paralelas duplas e transpostas, a matriz de transformação exata com elementos reais e constantes não foi obtida ainda. Para esse caso, como sugestão para desenvolvimento futuro, a determinação da matriz de transformação modal real e constante provavelmente deverá ser baseada em uma única referência homopolar. Tal sugestão se deve ao fato de que, neste trabalho, a estrutura das matrizes de transformação utilizadas tem como base a aplicação do modo homopolar como única referência homopolar para todos condutores de fase do sistema estudado. / Abstract: Single real transformation matrices are applied as phase-mode transformation matrices of typical symmetrical systems with double three-phase and two parallel double three-phase transmission lines. These single real transformation matrices are achieved from eigenvector matrices of the mentioned systems and they are based on Clarke's matrix. Using linear combinations of the Clarke's matrix elements, the techniques applied to the single three-phase lines are extended to systems with 6 or 12 phase conductors. For transposed double three-phase lines, phase Z and Y matrices are changed into diagonal matrices in mode domain. Considering non-transposed cases of double three-phase lines, the results are not exact and the error analyses are performed using the eigenvalues. In case of two parallel double three-phase lines, the exact single real transformation matrix has not been obtained yet. Probably, for two parallel double three-phase lines, considering future development and searching for the exact single real transformation matrix, the analyses are based on a single homopolar reference. This suggestion is related to that in the all analyses carried out in this work, the homopolar mode is used as the only homopolar reference for all phase conductors of the studied system. / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Various nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies for construction and performance monitoring have been studied for decades. Recently, the rapid evolution of wireless sensor network (WSN) technologies has enabled the development of sensors that can be embedded in concrete to monitor the structural health of infrastructure. Such sensors can be buried inside concrete and they can collect and report valuable volumetric data related to the health of a structure during and/or after construction. Wireless embedded sensors monitoring system is also a promising solution for decreasing the high installation and maintenance cost of the conventional wire based monitoring systems. Wireless monitoring sensors need to operate for long time. However, sensor batteries have finite life-time. Therefore, in order to enable long operational life of wireless sensors, novel wireless powering methods, which can charge the sensors’ rechargeable batteries wirelessly, need to be developed. The optimization of RF wireless powering of sensors embedded in concrete is studied here. First, our analytical results focus on calculating the transmission loss and propagation loss of electromagnetic waves penetrating into plain concrete at different humidity conditions for various frequencies. This analysis specifically leads to the identification of an optimum frequency range within 20-80 MHz that is validated through full-wave electromagnetic simulations. Second, the effects of various reinforced bar configurations on the efficiency of wireless powering are investigated. Specifically, effects of the following factors are studied: rebar types, rebar period, rebar radius, depth inside concrete, and offset placement. This analysis leads to the identification of the 902-928 MHz ISM band as the optimum power transmission frequency range for sensors embedded in reinforced concrete, since antennas working in this band are less sensitive to the effects of varying humidity as well as rebar configurations. Finally, optimized rectennas are designed for receiving and/or harvesting power in order to charge the rechargeable batteries of the embedded sensors. Such optimized wireless powering systems exhibit significantly larger efficiencies than the efficiencies of conventional RF wireless powering systems for sensors embedded in plain or reinforced concrete.

Includes bibliographical references / Many large, sparsely distributed raptors are threatened by a host of anthropogenic factors, while a minority may actually benefit from some aspects of development and environmental change. Clarity on the size and trajectory of such populations is essential for effective conservation management, but can be difficult to achieve. One solution is to use multivariate habitat association models to derive critical estimates of distribution and abundance. The South African population of Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus is currently estimated at < 800 adult birds , with the bulk of the known population believed to be residing in the larger protected areas. However, Martial Eagles also build nests on pylons that support high voltage transmission lines running through the largely treeless, semiarid landscapes of the Karoo. The main aim of this study was to develop a better understanding of the environmental factors that influence Martial Eagle territory densities and locations along South African transmission lines, and thereby estimate the size of this population and its relative importance to the national conservation status of this globally threatened species. I used habitat association models to d escribe Martial Eagle territory density in relation to eight environmental covariates. Models were first fitted to eagle territory data for the central Karoo regions, collected and pooled over the period 2002 - 2006, and then applied to predict the number of pairs present on each of three adjacent sections of unsurveyed line (northern, southern and eastern lines) . Once these model predictions were verified by a series of aerial and ground surveys, I fitted the models to all the known Martial Eagle territory records for the transmission network and extrapolated from these back to the rest of the network using the fitted relationships. Ultimately, the models predicted 52 additional Martial Eagle territories on the remaining transmission network with a confidence interval ranging from 38 to 67 (based on models that explained up to 39 % of the total variance in terms of only two explanatory terms – rainfall and the proportion of cultivated land). I then examined the role of territoriality and social structure in the eagle population in determining the location and dispersion of pylon nests. To do this I used the location of active nests from the original central Karoo data and a similar number of randomly selected points. I then asked whether I could predict the nest locations from each of the eight environmental covariates and distance to its nearest conspecific active nest or its nearest nest of any other large eagle species. Using a logistic generalised linear model with regression splines for distance to nearest other nest, I found that Martial Eagles strongly avoid proximity to conspecific nests (mean distance to conspecific nest = 28.2 km, range 2.5 - 167.1 km, n = 306). This result shows that minimum spacing should be considered in predicting the distribution of eagles on unsurveyed transmission lines. Lastly, I further investigated the geographical extent of pylon nesting in South African Martial Eagles, with particular focus on variation in the frequency of this behaviour in relation to biome - scale variation in the availability of trees as natural nest sites. To do this, I related Martial Eagle reporting rates generated by citizen - science bird atlas data to the density of transmission lines and biome types across South Africa. While these analyses yielded some suggestive results, such as significant positive and negative relationships between reporting rates and line density in the Desert (P = 0.02) versus the Savanna (P < 0.001) biomes respectively, data sparseness in arid areas and a generally low detection probability limited the conclusiveness of these results. The refined habitat association models developed in this study predict that the South African transmission grid supports 130 - 159 breeding pairs of Martial Eagle. This figure has never been estimated or calculated before, and suggests that 36 % of the national breeding population could reside largely in the commercial ranchland and nest on man - made structures. This result, which is at odds with the generally held belief that the Martial Eagle is increasingly confined to large protected areas, has significant implications for the thinking around the conservation management of this globally threatened species.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22658号 / 工博第4742号 / 新制||工||1741(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 篠原 真毅, 教授 守倉 正博, 教授 小嶋 浩嗣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis presents a multi-stage rectifier for wireless power transfer in biomedical implant systems. The rectifier is built using Schottky diodes. The design has been simulated in 0.5µm and 130nm CMOS processes. The challenges for a rectifier in a wireless power transfer systems are observed to be the efficiency, output voltage yield, operating frequency range and the minimum input voltage the rectifier can convert. The rectifier outperformed the contemporary works in the mentioned criteria.

This thesis deals with the design of wireless power transfer at a distance of 600 mm dimensioned to 20 kW. The transfer is provided by inductive coupling of resonant circuits with 800 mm diameter coils. It contains a description of the design and calculations of individual parts, stating specific values. It also includes description and schematics of control circuits.

This Master´s thesis describes different methods of wireless transmitting of energy: electromagnetic induction, electrostatic induction, laser radiation, transfer of energy by microwaves. This thesis is focused on wireless transfer of energy by microwaves. The paper describes the individual parts of the rectenna. Comparison of different types of antennas for use in the rectenna was made. In this thesis is described set of requirements for design of rectenna. Was made design of the rectenna and its simulation.

Orientador: Francisco Villarreal Alvarado / Coorientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Sérgio Azevedo de Oliveira / Banca: Carlos Roberto Mendonça da Rocha / Banca: Lina Paola Garces Negrete / Resumo: O problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica a longo prazo é um importante problema de otimização do campo do planejamento de sistema elétricos de potência. Trata-se de um problema cujo modelo matemático é um problema de programação não linear inteiro misto com a complexidade adicional de que é um problema não convexo e com característica de apresentar o fenômeno da explosão combinatória quando cresce as alternativas de expansão. O processo de resolução consiste basicamente nas escolhas de circuitos, dentro de um conjunto pré-definido, donde o candidato a ser incorporado ao sistema deverá apresentar resultados positivos no que tange a minimização do custo de investimento e operação e, além disso, deve atender a demanda de energia futura ao longo de um horizonte de planejamento com confiabilidade, assumindo como conhecido o plano de geração. Devido a complexidade do problema tem-se tentado aplicar todas as técnicas de otimização para auxiliar na tentativa de resolução. Sendo estas técnicas classificadas em três grandes grupos: técnicas de otimização clássica, técnicas heurísticas e técnicas metaheurísticas. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma nova forma de resolução, oriunda do grupo , denominada Busca em vizinhança variável (VNS). O VNS é uma metaheurística recente que explora basicamente a ideia de mudança sistemática de estruturas de vizinhança no espaço de soluções durante o processo de busca para encontrar soluções ótimas locais e para sair desses ótimos locais. Esta técnica de solução oferece novas alternativas de solução, comparado com os diversos tipos de metaheurísticas já utilizadas na literatura, apresentando excelentes resultados com baixo esforço computacional. Os algoritmos utilizados são apresentados e detalhados a sua forma de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The expansion planning problem of the power electrical transmission system to long term is an important problem of optimization of power electrical system fields. It refers to a problem whose mathematical model is a non-linear whole mixed program problem with additional complexity is a non-convex problem and presents the feature of the combinatorial expansion when grows the expansion alternatives. The reduction process is just choices of circuits in a pre-defined array where the candidate, which should be incorporated to the system, should have positive minimization cost of investment and operation and should support the future energy demand along of a reliable horizon of planning to a known generation plan. In the past, many optimization methods were tested to search the best solution due the problem complexity. These methods can be classified by: classical optimization methods, heuristic methods and meta-heuristic methods. However, in this work is presented a new approach of solution based on the method of Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). The VNS is a modern meta-heuristic uses a systematic change of neighborhood structures over solution space during the search procedure of optimal local solutions and to go out from local optimum. Thus, this approach provides new alternatives of solution in comparison with other meta-heuristic methods previously found at the literature. Additionally, the new approach presents excellent results with low computational cost. In summary, the used algorithms are showed and the adaptation mode to the planning problem of the power electrical transmission system is described. This adaptation considers two traditional mathematical models: Transport and DC models. Lastly, it was performed tests with the bars/paths IEEE system, the bars/paths south Brazilian system and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Marina Lavorato de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio César Balleiro Alves / Resumo: A presente pesquisa considera a análise teórica e a implementação computacional do algoritmo Dual Simplex Canalizado especializado na reotimização eficiente dos subproblemas gerados pelo algoritmo Branch and Bound para resolver problemas de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. Juntamente com estes algoritmos é implementado o algoritmo Primal Simplex Canalizado para resolver o problema de Programação Linear inicial resultante do problema Programação Linear Inteiro Misto após desconsiderar a restrição de integralidade das variáveis. Estes algoritmos, adequadamente analisados e sistematizados são implementados através da linguagem computacional FORTRAN 77 e empregados no Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas Transmissão modelados através do Modelo de Transportes que resulta em um problema de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. / Abstract: This research considers the theoretical analysis and computational implementation of the Dual Simplex algorithmfor Bounded Variables specializes in efficient re-optimization of sub-problems generated by the Branch and Bound algorithm to solve Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problems. Along with these algorithms has been implemented Primal Simplex algorithm for Bounded Variables to solve the initial Linear Programming problem result of a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem after relaxing the integrality of the variables. These algorithms has been adequately analyzed and implemented via the computer language FORTRAN 77. The methodology has been tested on the Transmission Network Expansion Planning based on a transportation model that results in a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming. / Mestre

Orientador: Paula Ghedini Der Agopian / Coorientador: Afonso José do Prado / Banca: Afonso José do Prado / Banca: Elmer Mateus Gennaro / Banca: Luiz Fernando Bovolato / Resumo: Para a representação de linhas de transmissão em sistemas elétricos de potência, existem vários modelos que são usados, por exemplo, variáveis de estado e equações diferenciais. Esses modelos são incluídos em rotinas computacionais e utilizados em simulações numéricas de transitórios eletromagnéticos. A linha de transmissão utilizada é um circuito monofásico modelados por circuitos π, usando o modelo de variáveis de estado. Para testar os modelos é utilizada uma rotina numérica que combina o método Euler com o método de integração trapezoidal, resultando em um algoritmo simplificado, sendo capaz de simular transitórios eletromagnéticos em redes e de obter resultados com precisão satisfatória. Três modelos são analisados: modelo utilizando matriz de grande ordem, matriz de ordem dois e o modelos utilizando variáveis independentes. Neste trabalho será discutido e analisado a diferença entre os três modelos propostos e a maneira como as variáveis de estado são atualizadas para simular a propagação de um fenômeno transitório em uma linha de transmissão. Aplicando o mesmo método de integração há diferenças significativas nos resultados obtidos utilizando variáveis independentes: redução das oscilações numéricas com uma quantidade menor de circuitos π e redução do tempo computacional. A rotina baseada em atualização independente das variáveis de estado, apresenta modelagem simples, sem inversões de matrizes e matrizes esparsas. (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: For the representation of transmission lines in electrical power systems, there are several models that are used, for example, state variables and differential equations. These models are included in computational routines and used in numerical simulationsof electromagnetic transients. The transmission lines used are a single phase circuit modeled by πcircuits, using the state variable model. To test the models, a numerical routine that combines the Euler method with the trapezoidal integration method is used, resulting in a simplified algorithm, capable of simulating electromagnetic transients in networks and obtaining results with satisfactory accuracy. Three models are analyzed: model using large order matrix, order two matrix and model using independent variables. In this work will be discuss and analyze the difference between the three proposed models and the way state variables are updated to simulate the propagation of a transient phenomenon in a transmission line. Applying the same integration method there are significant differences in the results obtained using independent variables: numerical oscillationsreduction with a smaller number of π circuits and computational timereduction.The routine based on independent update of state variables, presents simple modeling, without inversions of sparse matrices. (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre