In the last decade, we have seen an increasing interest in the designing of interactive technology that is limited in energy usage to our bodily capabilities. This field is commonly referred to as Human-Power Interaction (HPI). The aim of HPI is to create battery-free devices that are powered solely from human interactions. Therefore, it is important that power generation and interactivity are aligned and not separated tasks. In this paper, a novel way of providing human power to interactive devices has been investigated using electromagnetic induction. The focus has been to explore and play with the fundamental principles of electromagnetic induction with the intention of evaluating its potential as a new type of interactive power generation. With the help of a physical prototype and an application to demonstrate its capabilities, the results show that electromagnetic induction could potentially be considered as a relatively easy way to build human-powered sources for interactive devices using this principle. / Under det senaste decenniet har vi sett ett ökande intresse för utformningen av interaktiv teknik som är begränsad i energianvändningen till det av våra kroppsliga förmågor. Detta fält kallas vanligen Human-Power Interaction (HPI). Målet med HPI är att skapa batterifria enheter som drivs enbart från mänskliga interaktioner. Därför är det viktigt att kraftproduktion och interaktivitet är anpassade till varandra och inte separerade aktiviteter. I denna rapport har ett nytt sätt att tillhandahålla mänsklig kraft till interaktiva enheter undersökts med hjälp av elektromagnetisk induktion. Fokus har varit att utforska och leka med de grundläggande principerna för elektromagnetisk induktion i avsikt att utvärdera dess potential som en ny typ av interaktiv kraftproduktion. Med hjälp av en fysisk prototyp och en tillämpning för att demonstrera dess förmåga, visar resultaten att elektromagnetisk induktion potentiellt kan ses som ett relativt enkelt sätt att bygga människodrivna källor för interaktiva enheter med denna princip.

Harvesting children’s kinetic energy to power the electronics can bring interactive play to novel places and create unique context for play. This project presents design, crafting and testing of a child-powered interactive carousel designed for everyday outdoor play.  Through a Research through Design approach and craft thinking, a digital play artefact was realized through exploring material qualities and affordances, to crafting a real-world object, to immersing interactive elements in the final prototype. The situated play led understanding of the experiential qualities of the digital artefact in the emergence of a children-object-space relationship. The hybrid craft making and digital fabrication emphasized the process of making through negotiating and renegotiating with materials and digital abilities until the integration of the two. The unique composition of human power technology and outdoor play design opened up new conversations to exploit human motions and self-initiated engagement in designing embodied play. / Att använda barns rörelseenergi för att driva elektronik, kan öppna upp för interaktiv lek på nya platser och skapa unika sammanhang för lek. Detta projekt presenterar design, tillverkning och testning av en barndriven interaktiv karusell designad för vardagslek utomhus.  Genom en Research through Design metod och hantverkstänkande, realiserades en digital lekartefakt genom att utforska materiella kvalitéer och affordance, för att skapa ett verkligt objekt, till att fördjupa interaktiva element i den slutliga prototypen. Den situerade leken ledde förståelsen av de upplevelsemässiga egenskaperna hos den digitala artefakten i uppkomsten av ett barn-objekt-plats förhållande. Hybridhantverkstillverkning och digital tillverkning betonade tillverkningsprocessen genom att förhandla och omförhandla mellan material och digitala förmågor fram till integrationen av de två. Den unika sammansättningen av mänsklig kraftteknologi och utomhuslekdesign öppnade upp för nya samtal för att utnyttja mänsklig rörelse och självinitierat engagemang i designen av förkroppsligad lek.

The aim of this study is to gain insight into the leadership processes and dynamics operative in the early Pauline churches. The study is based on Paul’s Early Letters (i.e. 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 & 2 Corinthians, and Romans) and uses a combination of socio-historical and exegetical approaches. The idea that leadership in the early Pauline churches was determined by wealth, social status, and patronage is prominent in the literature, and is examined in detail. Recent research on the economic stratification of first-century Graeco-Roman society challenges the idea that leadership in the early Pauline churches was exercised by wealthy patrons. It can be observed in the Early Letters that Paul’s leadership role was the most prominent one, and that other leaders, both local and itinerant, were regarded as his coworkers. The study therefore examines Paul’s thinking about his own leadership role, especially his ministry aims and methods. Two aims stand out: (a) that believers appear blameless at the return of Christ; and (b) that the body of Christ be built up. Paul saw himself as an apostle and as God’s coworker; he was convinced that the gospel, as God’s power for salvation, received through faith, was the means by which these aims would be accomplished. Therefore his ministry was first and foremost a ministry of the gospel which aimed to establish people in faith. Passages relating to Paul’s coworkers show that they were ministers of the gospel in their own right, and that they shared in all aspects of Paul’s ministry except those pertaining specifically to his apostleship. Paul often refers to his ministry as a grace that he has received from God. The ministry of others is similarly understood in terms of grace (Rom 12:3-6). This observation leads to a study of divine equipping in the ministry of Paul and his coworkers. I conclude that, for Paul, the work of the Holy Spirit in empowering leaders and making their work effective was fundamental to authentic ministry/leadership. Finally, theoretical perspectives from leadership studies and social psychology are used to bring conceptual unity to the exegetical results. A definition of leadership is formulated and the wellknown power/interaction model of French and Raven is adapted and used to analyse leadership in the early Pauline churches. The aim is to understand both theological and socio-historical aspects of leadership and how they interacted in the early Pauline communities. I conclude that leadership in these communities entailed a social process in which the most important forms of influence were spiritual and empowering. A local leadership role had begun to develop, but was not yet formalized into an official structure. Overall, I conclude that the gospel of Jesus Christ, as God’s power for the salvation of all who believe, was the central dynamic of leadership in the early Pauline churches. / PhD (New Testament), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

En raison des progrès réalisés dans l’architecture et le contrôle des convertisseurs statique, beaucoup d’applications électrotechniques se comportent comme des dispositifs fonctionnant à puissance constante. Cette propriété conduit à modéliser ces systèmes autour d’un point de fonctionnement par des résistances négatives. Se pose alors un problème de stabilité quand ils sont connectés à des sources d’énergie munies ou non d’une commande. Dans une première partie de la thèse, les différents outils basés sur des spécifications d’impédance sont introduits et appliqués à l’étude des systèmes à puissance distribuée. Deux exemples électrotechniques sont traités ; le premier étudie l’association filtre d’entrée hacheur DC/DC. La seconde traite l’association filtre d’entrée actionneur électromécanique. Dans une second partie de la thèse, pour assurer la stabilité de deux dispositifs électrotechnique mis en cascade, l’auteur propose d’utiliser une commande globale non linéaire permettant d’assurer à la fois la stabilité du système tout en minimisant la taille de ses éléments passifs. Pour assurer un contrôle découplé des différentes sorties ainsi que la stabilité du système, l’auteur utilise une linéarisation de type entrée/sortie. Un régulateur à structure variable de type glissant assure les propriétés de robustesse vis-à-vis des variations paramétriques du système. L’architecture de commande proposée permet alors une diminution significative des éléments de stockage d’énergie dans le système / Because of the high efficiency of the power electronic converters, ideal regulation of their outputs makes the converter appears as a constant power load seen by its front end power stage. So they can be modeled as a negative resistance around an operating point. As a result, when such a converter is connected to a controlled or uncontrolled power source subsystem, the risk of instability has to be unpacked. To study the stability issue taken by such a system, we have detailed in a first step how to prove the local stability of Distributed Power System. The impedance criterions which are used to analysis the stability of cascaded systems are described. These criterions are applied in the case of two power electronics applications. The first one corresponds to a DC/DC switching converter with its input filter. The second one deals with the stability issues of a system constituted by an input filter and an inverter-motor drive system. In the second part of the thesis, a non linear global control of a cascaded power electronic system is investigated in order to ensure the stability of the whole system with a minimization of its passive components. To uncouple the control of all the outputs variables and ensure the system stability, an I/O linearization technique is proposed. Thanks to the use of a sliding controller, the resulting control architecture is robust as regard to parameters variations and allows a significant diminution of the passive component size

In recent years, ¡§Boost the economy and cut down the unemployment rate¡¨ has become a common understanding of the people in Taiwan, which is the government¡¦s goal for economic development as well. One of the most effective strategies to boost the economy is to encourage investment. However, the rising concern of environmental protection and the consciousness of living peacefully with the mother natural have become a trend nowadays. Furthermore, not only business but also the government and the neighboring residents have increased their standards for environmental protection. Therefore, the industry has tended to be more prudent to any new development project. What deserves to be mentioned is, no matter how wonderful a proposed project is, without the support of local residents, no project can be executed. Therefore, we should regard the citizen participation and environmental impact assessment (EIA). China Petroleum Corporation (CPC) proposed at the end of 2002, aiming to make the transformation from an oil plant to a hi-tech petrochemical zone on Kaohsiung Oil Refinery, with new petrochemical equipment and nono-technology. Ministry of Economic Affairs has agreed with the proposed transformation with the condition that CPC has to obtain approval from the local residents, representatives and government. According to the analysis of power interaction, this study intends to provide related policy suggestions to the government and CPC with the purpose of economic prosperity. For the evolution of modern society, sustainable development and business continuity will play important roles. Besides adopting opinion poll, Delphi Technique is also applied as the research methodology to carry on experts¡¦ interviews and questionnaires investigation.

The aim of this study is to gain insight into the leadership processes and dynamics operative in the early Pauline churches. The study is based on Paul’s Early Letters (i.e. 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 & 2 Corinthians, and Romans) and uses a combination of socio-historical and exegetical approaches. The idea that leadership in the early Pauline churches was determined by wealth, social status, and patronage is prominent in the literature, and is examined in detail. Recent research on the economic stratification of first-century Graeco-Roman society challenges the idea that leadership in the early Pauline churches was exercised by wealthy patrons. It can be observed in the Early Letters that Paul’s leadership role was the most prominent one, and that other leaders, both local and itinerant, were regarded as his coworkers. The study therefore examines Paul’s thinking about his own leadership role, especially his ministry aims and methods. Two aims stand out: (a) that believers appear blameless at the return of Christ; and (b) that the body of Christ be built up. Paul saw himself as an apostle and as God’s coworker; he was convinced that the gospel, as God’s power for salvation, received through faith, was the means by which these aims would be accomplished. Therefore his ministry was first and foremost a ministry of the gospel which aimed to establish people in faith. Passages relating to Paul’s coworkers show that they were ministers of the gospel in their own right, and that they shared in all aspects of Paul’s ministry except those pertaining specifically to his apostleship. Paul often refers to his ministry as a grace that he has received from God. The ministry of others is similarly understood in terms of grace (Rom 12:3-6). This observation leads to a study of divine equipping in the ministry of Paul and his coworkers. I conclude that, for Paul, the work of the Holy Spirit in empowering leaders and making their work effective was fundamental to authentic ministry/leadership. Finally, theoretical perspectives from leadership studies and social psychology are used to bring conceptual unity to the exegetical results. A definition of leadership is formulated and the wellknown power/interaction model of French and Raven is adapted and used to analyse leadership in the early Pauline churches. The aim is to understand both theological and socio-historical aspects of leadership and how they interacted in the early Pauline communities. I conclude that leadership in these communities entailed a social process in which the most important forms of influence were spiritual and empowering. A local leadership role had begun to develop, but was not yet formalized into an official structure. Overall, I conclude that the gospel of Jesus Christ, as God’s power for the salvation of all who believe, was the central dynamic of leadership in the early Pauline churches. / PhD (New Testament), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014