The present study investigates Asia’s first Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore’s (1861-1941) writings for children, situating his work in the tumultuous time of colonial India marching towards independence. The study makes an original contribution to Tagore scholarship and the field of children’s literature arguing that Tagore’s designated protagonist, the Bengali child, subverts social and political structures of power and authority, and is a vehicle for the author’s hopes for future. The discourse of Tagore’s literature for children posits, hopes for, and construes an implied child reader - the imagined nation’s future citizens. His constructions of childhood, the study claims, are symbolic, oscillating between the reflective and the transformative and synthesising the author’s intentions, fears, desires, values and attitudes towards childhood. In order to reach its overarching conclusions, the present study has considered the political and social contexts of the original production of the texts which is reflected in the study’s theoretical assumption - the historicist reading of childhood informed by postcolonial and power-oriented theories of children’s literature. Close reading of a selection of Tagore’s writings for children suggest that Tagore’s own ideologies about childhood were decisively shaped by the colonial time and the colonised place in which he lived, and his images of childhood concentrate on physical landscapes of the indigenous Bengal in order to construct an imagined decolonised landscape, and form consciousness of national identity. The present study has also argued that Tagore’s fictional world(s) of children are a result of restorative re-imagining and re-inventing, not just manifestation of his personal grief and experiences. Additionally, Tagore has employed fictive children for a variety of conflicting and complementary uses: mighty and empowered children in fantasy critique fascist regimentation, but their images are juxtaposed elsewhere with realistic portrayals of helpless and disempowered children who are unable to seek agency against societal oppression. Tagore’s persistent but persuasive portrayals of uninspired children in mechanised colonial education and of coercive teachers and teaching methods illuminate his educational ideologies and confirm a prescriptive authorial presence in the narrative. Yet, the present study has contended that Tagore’s imagined childhood is an empowered time and space in which fictive children are able to acquire agency and self-awareness through a variety of pleasurable and unpleasurable experiences, functioning as a democratic channel where child-adult power relations are constantly being negotiated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faziojunior_a_me_ilha.pdf: 1130687 bytes, checksum: 0ed224bd3a10e2686b6366e69a8f8400 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O referente trabalho de mestrado tem por finalidade avaliar as principais metodologias para o cálculo da energia elétrica, focado na Energia reativa, o qual, até o presente momento, não há um consenso geral entre os pesquisadores, referente ao melhor método para a determinação deste tipo de energia elétrica, considerando que as tensões e correntes são não-senoidais e desequilibradas. Neste contexto, varias abordagens de cálculo de potências elétricas presentes na literatura serão apresentadas, com seus respectivos métodos de cálculo e quais fatores cada uma leva em consideração, como também serão abordadas as características e o contexto em que foram desenvolvidas. As teorias serão posteriormente confrontadas entre si através de simulações por meio de alguns perfis de tensão e corrente devidamente selecionados a fim de avaliar os valores calculados pelas mesmas. Posteriormente, as teorias serão comparadas com medidores comerciais eletrônicos de energia, além de um preciso analisador de energia, o qual considera em seu cálculo, harmônicos e desequilíbrios nas tensões e correntes. Esta proposta experimental visa avaliar o erro dos cálculos referente ao padrão IEEE std. 1459, levando em consideração cada cenário de tensão e corrente (harmônicos e/ou desequilíbrios) imposto, tendo assim uma boa forma de comparação. O esforço deste trabalho visa evidenciar um comparativo entre as teorias, levando em consideração os valores medidos por medidores eletrônicos presentes na atualidade, os quais se acreditam não levar em consideração tensões não senoidais e desequilibradas. Portanto, tais métodos de calculo, considerando o cenário de ensaio proposto pelo trabalho, poderão futuramente estar presentes nos medidores eletrônicos para o correto cálculo da Energia elétrica reativa, frente ao cenário e condições atuais e futuras do Sistema de Energia elétrica / The related work aims to assess the main methodologies for the calculation of electric energy, focused on reactive power, which, until now, there is a general consensus among researchers regarding the best method for the determination of this type power, considering that the voltages and currents are non-sinusoidal and unbalanced. In this context, various approaches for calculating electric power present in the literature will be presented with their respective method of calculation and which factors each takes into account, as well as will discuss the characteristics and the context in which they were developed. The theories will be confronted then with each other through simulations using some current and voltage profiles selected in order to properly evaluate the values calculated for the same. Later, the theories will be compared with commercial electronic energy meters, and a precise energy analyzer, which includes in its calculation, harmonics and imbalances in the voltages and currents. This proposal aims to assess the experimental error of the estimates for the IEEE Std. 1459, taking into account each scenario voltage and current (harmonics and / or imbalances) tax, and thus a good way of comparison. This work effort aims to show a comparative between the theories, taking into account the values measured by electronic meters present today, which are believed not to take into account non-sinusoidal and unbalanced voltages. Therefore, such methods of calculation, considering the scenario proposed by the test work, may be present in future electronic meters for the correct calculation of Reactive Electrical Power, against the backdrop and current conditions and future of Electric Power System

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin / Coorientador: Guilherme de Azevedo e Melo / Banca: Júlio Borges de Souza / Banca: Fernando Pinhabel Marafão / Resumo: O referente trabalho de mestrado tem por finalidade avaliar as principais metodologias para o cálculo da energia elétrica, focado na Energia reativa, o qual, até o presente momento, não há um consenso geral entre os pesquisadores, referente ao melhor método para a determinação deste tipo de energia elétrica, considerando que as tensões e correntes são não-senoidais e desequilibradas. Neste contexto, varias abordagens de cálculo de potências elétricas presentes na literatura serão apresentadas, com seus respectivos métodos de cálculo e quais fatores cada uma leva em consideração, como também serão abordadas as características e o contexto em que foram desenvolvidas. As teorias serão posteriormente confrontadas entre si através de simulações por meio de alguns perfis de tensão e corrente devidamente selecionados a fim de avaliar os valores calculados pelas mesmas. Posteriormente, as teorias serão comparadas com medidores comerciais eletrônicos de energia, além de um preciso analisador de energia, o qual considera em seu cálculo, harmônicos e desequilíbrios nas tensões e correntes. Esta proposta experimental visa avaliar o erro dos cálculos referente ao padrão IEEE std. 1459, levando em consideração cada cenário de tensão e corrente (harmônicos e/ou desequilíbrios) imposto, tendo assim uma boa forma de comparação. O esforço deste trabalho visa evidenciar um comparativo entre as teorias, levando em consideração os valores medidos por medidores eletrônicos presentes na atualidade, os quais se acreditam não levar em consideração tensões não senoidais e desequilibradas. Portanto, tais métodos de calculo, considerando o cenário de ensaio proposto pelo trabalho, poderão futuramente estar presentes nos medidores eletrônicos para o correto cálculo da Energia elétrica reativa, frente ao cenário e condições atuais e futuras do Sistema de Energia elétrica / Abstract: The related work aims to assess the main methodologies for the calculation of electric energy, focused on reactive power, which, until now, there is a general consensus among researchers regarding the best method for the determination of this type power, considering that the voltages and currents are non-sinusoidal and unbalanced. In this context, various approaches for calculating electric power present in the literature will be presented with their respective method of calculation and which factors each takes into account, as well as will discuss the characteristics and the context in which they were developed. The theories will be confronted then with each other through simulations using some current and voltage profiles selected in order to properly evaluate the values calculated for the same. Later, the theories will be compared with commercial electronic energy meters, and a precise energy analyzer, which includes in its calculation, harmonics and imbalances in the voltages and currents. This proposal aims to assess the experimental error of the estimates for the IEEE Std. 1459, taking into account each scenario voltage and current (harmonics and / or imbalances) tax, and thus a good way of comparison. This work effort aims to show a comparative between the theories, taking into account the values measured by electronic meters present today, which are believed not to take into account non-sinusoidal and unbalanced voltages. Therefore, such methods of calculation, considering the scenario proposed by the test work, may be present in future electronic meters for the correct calculation of Reactive Electrical Power, against the backdrop and current conditions and future of Electric Power System / Mestre

<p>Att utnyttja flygstridskrafter har sedan tidernas begynnelse varit en effektiv metod att påtvinga motparten sin egen vilja. Sättet man använt flygstridskrafterna på har debatterats under historiens gång. Inom ämnet luftmakt finns det en rad kända och inflytelserika luftmaktsteoretiker som alla har sin idé om hur man bäst utnyttjar flygstridskrafter. Hur ser vår svenska doktrin ut gällande teorier kring luftmakt? Vilka luftmaktsteorier genomsyrar grundtanken bakom hur vi idag vägleder våra luftoperationer? Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka generella och centrala luftmaktsteorier som återfinns i den svenska doktrinen. För att kunna svara på mina valda frågeställningar och tillgodose syftet med uppsatsen har jag valt att dela in uppsatsen i två delar. Den första delen är en beskrivande del där jag helt enkelt redogör för vad luftmakt är, presenterar centrala luftmaktsteoretiker och deras teorier samt redogör för vad vår doktrin säger angående luftmakt. Därefter kommer en komparation mellan centrala tankar och teorier kring luftmakt och svensk doktrin för luftoperationer. Resultatet i uppsatsen visar tydliga exempel på att doktrinen återspeglar det bästa hos flera av de centrala luftmaktsteoretikerna. Det centrala i doktrinen är effekttänkandet och utnyttjandet av indirekt metod. Avslutningsvis ser jag en begränsning gällande svensk doktrin och luftmaktsteorier kring strategiska mål och medel nu när Försvarsmakten gått från invasions- till insatsförsvar och därmed minskat på personal och resurser. Frågan är om vi har möjlighet att effektivt verka strategiskt som enskilt land eller om vi är beroende av andra nationer?</p> / <p>To use air power has always been an effective way to affect your opponent. The way you use air power has been debated throughout history. There are a number of famous and influential air power theorists who all have their idea of how to best use air power. How does the Swedish air doctrine describe air power? Which airpower theories work as guidelines for our air operations today? The purpose of this paper is to examine general and central air power theories which can be found in the Swedish doctrine. To be able to answer my questions and to achieve the objective of this paper, I have chosen to divide the paper into two parts. The first part is a descriptive part where I simply describe what air power is, present well known air-power theorists and their theories and outline what our doctrine says about air power. The second part is a comparison between the central ideas and theories about air power and the Swedish airdoctrine. The result of this paper shows that the Swedish air doctrine has been influenced by several air-power theorists. Central in the doctrine are effects-based operations and the use of indirect methods. Finally, I see a limitation in the Swedish air doctrine and strategic air power theories now that the Armed Forces have reorganized, which means less personnel and resources. The question is whether we can effectively operate on a strategic level as a single country or if we are dependent on other nations?</p>

Att utnyttja flygstridskrafter har sedan tidernas begynnelse varit en effektiv metod att påtvinga motparten sin egen vilja. Sättet man använt flygstridskrafterna på har debatterats under historiens gång. Inom ämnet luftmakt finns det en rad kända och inflytelserika luftmaktsteoretiker som alla har sin idé om hur man bäst utnyttjar flygstridskrafter. Hur ser vår svenska doktrin ut gällande teorier kring luftmakt? Vilka luftmaktsteorier genomsyrar grundtanken bakom hur vi idag vägleder våra luftoperationer? Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka generella och centrala luftmaktsteorier som återfinns i den svenska doktrinen. För att kunna svara på mina valda frågeställningar och tillgodose syftet med uppsatsen har jag valt att dela in uppsatsen i två delar. Den första delen är en beskrivande del där jag helt enkelt redogör för vad luftmakt är, presenterar centrala luftmaktsteoretiker och deras teorier samt redogör för vad vår doktrin säger angående luftmakt. Därefter kommer en komparation mellan centrala tankar och teorier kring luftmakt och svensk doktrin för luftoperationer. Resultatet i uppsatsen visar tydliga exempel på att doktrinen återspeglar det bästa hos flera av de centrala luftmaktsteoretikerna. Det centrala i doktrinen är effekttänkandet och utnyttjandet av indirekt metod. Avslutningsvis ser jag en begränsning gällande svensk doktrin och luftmaktsteorier kring strategiska mål och medel nu när Försvarsmakten gått från invasions- till insatsförsvar och därmed minskat på personal och resurser. Frågan är om vi har möjlighet att effektivt verka strategiskt som enskilt land eller om vi är beroende av andra nationer? / To use air power has always been an effective way to affect your opponent. The way you use air power has been debated throughout history. There are a number of famous and influential air power theorists who all have their idea of how to best use air power. How does the Swedish air doctrine describe air power? Which airpower theories work as guidelines for our air operations today? The purpose of this paper is to examine general and central air power theories which can be found in the Swedish doctrine. To be able to answer my questions and to achieve the objective of this paper, I have chosen to divide the paper into two parts. The first part is a descriptive part where I simply describe what air power is, present well known air-power theorists and their theories and outline what our doctrine says about air power. The second part is a comparison between the central ideas and theories about air power and the Swedish airdoctrine. The result of this paper shows that the Swedish air doctrine has been influenced by several air-power theorists. Central in the doctrine are effects-based operations and the use of indirect methods. Finally, I see a limitation in the Swedish air doctrine and strategic air power theories now that the Armed Forces have reorganized, which means less personnel and resources. The question is whether we can effectively operate on a strategic level as a single country or if we are dependent on other nations?

Firstly, this thesis investigates the electrical power harmonics in an attempt to utilize harmonic current and its distortion power in a novel idea to reconvert the distortion power into useful power. This is done, in order to feed different DC or AC loads in single and three-phase power system by using passive or active filters and accordingly, develop a new topology of hybrid active power filter (HAPF). In addition, this circuit can be considered as a power factor corrector (PFC) because it reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) and improves the power factor (PF). Secondly, this thesis works on a new design of active power factor correction (APFC) circuit presenting two circuits with the same design principle: the first design consists of two active switches without an external complex control circuit, while the second design contains a single active switch with an additional control circuit. The main contribution of this circuit is 98% reduction of the inductor's value used in the newly proposed PFC circuit in comparison with the conventional boost converter which may lead to a huge reduction in size, weight and the cost of the new PFC circuit. Also, the active switches depend on a carefully designed switching pattern that results in an elimination of the third order harmonic from the input source current which decreases the value of total current harmonic distortion (THDI) to (14%) and improves the input PF to (0.99). Consequently, the simplicity of the design without requiring a complex control circuit and without a snubber circuit plus the minimum size of inductor, gives the newly proposed circuit the superiority on other PFC circuits. Thirdly, this research aims to describe the distortion power through submitting two novel power terms called effective active power (Pef ) & reactive power (Qef ) terms with a new power diagram called Right-Angled Power Triangle (RAPT) Diagram. In addition, a novel de nition of total apparent power (St) has been submitted in order to illustrate the physical meaning of (St) in non-sinusoidal systems. The new RAPT Diagram is based on the orthogonality law and depends on geometrical summation to describe the relationship between different aspects (apparent-active-reactive) of power, and different components (total-fundamental distortion), drawing a bridge to connect the time domain with the frequency domain in a two-dimensional diagram.