Die Tage vor den Tagen werden in Fach- und Laienkreisen nicht selten als kritische Tage im Menstruationszyklus der Frau wahrgenommen. Die 'Störungsbilder' des Prämenstruellen Syndroms (PMS) und der Prämenstruellen Dysphorischen Störung (PMDS, engl. PMDD) haben sich mittlerweile gesellschaftlich etabliert. Die vorliegende Arbeit nähert sich der Thematik von medizingeschichtlicher Seite, indem sie Darstellungen des Prämenstruums in populärmedizinischen und wissenschaftlichen Texten vom Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart untersucht. Sie umfasst einen historischen Überblick über die Entwicklungen vom 19. Jahrhundert bis zur Etablierung des PMS und der PMDD im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert. Auch unterschiedliche Theorien zur Genese prämenstrueller Veränderungen und Beschwerden werden herausgearbeitet. Der Fokus liegt insbesondere auf dem Einfluss medizinischer Lehren und soziokultureller Faktoren (bspw. der Frauenbewegung, der Degenerations-, und Konstitutionslehre) auf die Darstellungen des Prämenstruums in medizinischen Texten. / In professional and lay circles, premenstrual days are frequently perceived as critical days in a woman's menstrual cycle. The 'disorders' premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) have become socially established. This thesis approaches the topic from a medical history perspective by examining representations of the premenstruum in general medical and scientific texts from the 19th century to the present. The thesis includes a historical overview of the development from the 19th century up to the recognition of PMS and PMDD in the 20th and 21st centuries. The change of concepts of genesis over time, which is subject to the influence of different scientific doctrines and body concepts, is also content of the research work. A particular focus is placed on the influence of medical theories and socio-cultural factors on the descriptions of the premenstruum in medical texts (e.g. the women's movement, the degeneration and constitutional theory).

Background. Despite an abundance of clinical research on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, few epidemiological data provide estimates of the prevalence, incidence, co-morbidity, stability and correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the community. Aims. To describe the prevalence, incidence, 12 co-morbidity factors and correlates of threshold and subthreshold PMDD in a community sample of young women. Methods. Findings are based on prospective–longitudinal community survey of 1488 women aged 14–24, who were followed-up over a period of 48 months (follow-up, N = 1251) as part of the EDSP sample. Diagnostic assessments were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and its 12-month PMDD diagnostic module administered by clinical interviewers. Diagnoses were calculated using DSM-IV algorithms, but daily ratings of symptoms, as required, were not available. Results. The baseline 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV PMDD was 5·8%. Application of the diagnostic exclusion rules with regard to concurrent major depression and dysthymia decreased the rate only slightly (5·3%). An additional 18·6% were ‘near-threshold’ cases, mostly because they failed to meet the mandatory impairment criterion. Over the follow-up period only few new PMDD cases were observed: cumulative lifetime incidence was 7·4%. PMDD syndrome was stable across 48 months with <10% complete remissions among baseline PMDD cases. The 12-month and lifetime co-morbidity rates were high (anxiety disorders 47·4%, mood disorders 22·9%; somatoform 28·4%), only 26·5% had no other mental disorder. Particularly high odds ratios were found with nicotine dependence and PTSD. In terms of correlates increased rates of 4-weeks impairment days, high use of general health and mental health services, and increased rates of suicide attempts were found. Conclusion. In this sample of adolescents and young adults, premenstrual symptoms were widespread. However, DSM-IV PMDD was considerably less prevalent. PMDD is a relatively stable and impairing condition, with high rates of health service utilization, increased suicidality and substantial co-morbidity.

Background. Despite an abundance of clinical research on premenstrual and menstrual symptoms, few epidemiological data provide estimates of the prevalence, incidence, co-morbidity, stability and correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in the community. Aims. To describe the prevalence, incidence, 12 co-morbidity factors and correlates of threshold and subthreshold PMDD in a community sample of young women. Methods. Findings are based on prospective–longitudinal community survey of 1488 women aged 14–24, who were followed-up over a period of 48 months (follow-up, N = 1251) as part of the EDSP sample. Diagnostic assessments were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and its 12-month PMDD diagnostic module administered by clinical interviewers. Diagnoses were calculated using DSM-IV algorithms, but daily ratings of symptoms, as required, were not available. Results. The baseline 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV PMDD was 5·8%. Application of the diagnostic exclusion rules with regard to concurrent major depression and dysthymia decreased the rate only slightly (5·3%). An additional 18·6% were ‘near-threshold’ cases, mostly because they failed to meet the mandatory impairment criterion. Over the follow-up period only few new PMDD cases were observed: cumulative lifetime incidence was 7·4%. PMDD syndrome was stable across 48 months with <10% complete remissions among baseline PMDD cases. The 12-month and lifetime co-morbidity rates were high (anxiety disorders 47·4%, mood disorders 22·9%; somatoform 28·4%), only 26·5% had no other mental disorder. Particularly high odds ratios were found with nicotine dependence and PTSD. In terms of correlates increased rates of 4-weeks impairment days, high use of general health and mental health services, and increased rates of suicide attempts were found. Conclusion. In this sample of adolescents and young adults, premenstrual symptoms were widespread. However, DSM-IV PMDD was considerably less prevalent. PMDD is a relatively stable and impairing condition, with high rates of health service utilization, increased suicidality and substantial co-morbidity.