La communication engageante et le paradigme de l’hypocrisie sont deux modèles d’action visant le passage à l’acte. Malgré une forte adhésion à la « norme écologique », les individus ne l’appliquent pas toujours dans leur quotidien. Les objectifs de ce travail de recherche sont à la fois théoriques et appliqués. Sur le plan théorique, nous comparons l’applicabilité et l’efficacité des deux modèles d’action, en précisant les conditions les plus favorables à leur utilisation. Nous examinons en particulier le rôle de la persuasion dans la communication engageante et les facteurs permettant d’observer un changement de comportement dans le cadre du paradigme de l’hypocrisie. Sur le plan appliqué, nous visons à informer les professionnels de l’environnement des procédures appropriées pour provoquer le changement de comportement.Huit expérimentations sont présentées pour répondre à ces objectifs. Elles visent différents types de comportements à travers des protocoles divers (mis en place en laboratoire et sur le terrain). Nous mesurons des intentions comportementales, des engagements comportementaux et des comportements auprès d’échantillons d’étudiants et de la population française en général (N = 812). Nos résultats montrent que ces modèles proposent des procédures efficaces pour modifier les comportements, et également qu’elles ne sont pas toutes adaptées à tous les contextes. Nous soulignons la stabilité des effets des procédures engageantes sur les comportements. Nous proposons un outil permettant de sélectionner la procédure à privilégier en fonction du contexte de l’intervention. Nous discutons les apports théoriques et appliqués de ce travail au vu des éléments présentés en introduction. / Binding communication and the hypocrisy paradigm are two strategies promoting environmental behaviours. Despite a high adherence to the “ecological norm”, people do not actually apply it in their everyday life. Our research objectives are theoretical and applied ones. On the theoretical level, we compare the applicability and efficiency of the two models and state the most favourable conditions for their use. We examine in particular the role of persuasion in binding communication and the conditions favourable to observe a behavioural change in the hypocrisy paradigm. On a practical level, we aim at informing the professionals about the appropriate procedures they can use to encourage behavioural change.Eight experimental studies are presented in order to meet these objectives. They aim at different types of behaviour through different types of protocols (in or outside the lab). We measure behavioural intentions, behavioural commitment and behaviours among samples of students and general French population (N = 812). Our results show that some of these procedures are effective in inducing behavioural change. However there are not all appropriate to every context. We highlight the efficiency of the committing procedures on behaviours. We put forward a tool to permit the selection of the best procedure according to the context in which the intervention occurs. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and applied contributions of this investigation.

This research aims to develop the hybrid segmentation s method which uses two techniques: linear mean-shift and non-linear image foresting transform watersheds (IFT). To implement this method the reduced color set was used, it was obtained by mean-shift application, like markers to IFT algorithm. With this technique, the user doesn t need to concern about selecting the correct set marker to Watershed-IFT segmentation s process, since hybrid method will do so automatically. If the seeds are not good enough or are placed just outside the region of interest, the user can add r remove such seeds in order to improve watershed segmentation results. With the purpose of developing a robust and efficient system, with high degree of reusability, it was decided to make use of the object-oriented paradigm together design patterns application. The Java programming language was used to implement the hybrid s method because it supports object oriented and it has an Application Programming Interface (API) Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) that allows an easier image processing operations implementation. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) was used to design the system; it helped the developer to extract the best necessary information to construct the software. After it develops the hybrid segmentation method were realized three applications to prove hybrid method efficience. The first application helps the patologystis to classify Papanicolau examination in yours respectives levels; the second makes a comparison between Watersheds-IFT and hybrid segmentation methods; and the third aim to help profissionals of medicine area to measure the depth of the skin cancer in histologys tissues. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver o método de segmentação híbrido, o qual utiliza duas técnicas de segmentação: uma linear, Mean Shift, e outra não-linear, Watersheds por Image Foresting Transform (IFT). Para implementar esse método utilizou-se um conjunto reduzido de cores obtido pela aplicação do procedimento Mean-Shift, como marcadores para o algoritmo IFT. Com o desenvolvimento dessa técnica, o usuário não necessita selecionar o conjunto de marcadores corretos para realizar o processo de segmentação por Watersheds-IFT, pois o método híbrido fará isso automaticamente. Se as sementes geradas não forem suficientes ou forem inseridas em uma parte da amostra que não esteja sendo analisada, o usuário, por meio da interface, poderá inserir ou retirar tais sementes, a fim de obter um melhor resultado. Com o objetivo de desenvolver um sistema robusto e eficiente, com alto grau de reusabilidade, optou-se por utilizar o paradigma de programação orientada a objetos, juntamente com a aplicação de padrões de projeto. A linguagem de programação utilizada é a Java, que além de dar suporte à orientação a objetos, possui uma Application Programming Interface (API) denominada Java Advanced Imaging (JAI) que permite a implementação de operações para o processamento de imagens com maior facilidade. A linguagem UML é usada para projetar o sistema, ajudando o desenvolvedor a extrair melhor as informações necessárias a fim de construir o software. Após desenvolver o método de segmentação híbrida são realizadas três aplicações a fim de que sua eficiência seja comprovada. A primeira aplicação busca auxiliar os patologistas a realizarem a classificação do exame de Papanicolaou em seus respectivos níveis; a segunda, realiza uma comparação entre os métodos de segmentação Watersheds-IFT e híbrido; e a terceira visa auxiliar profissionais da área médica, a mdir a profundidade do câncer de pele em tecidos histológicos.