Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The arboreal termites that are part of the Brazilian fauna attack urban areas that have expanded into areas of wild vegetation. The urban trees when not follow the proper principles of planting and management, transforms the trees into nesting sites and feeding termites. Thus, arboreal species of termites begin to assume increasing importance as pests. This study aimed to identify the species of termites associated with tree species and verify, under field conditions, if these termites exhibit preference for nesting and foraging, in the sandbank area of Catalan Island, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. For this, 95 were chosen randomly planting rows of trees located in this area. These lines has traveled a path of 100 m, also randomly chosen, and during that route all the trees were inspected to verify the occurrence of termites. Termites found were collected, preserved in 70% alcohol for later identification. To assess the preferred nesting, all the trees were inspected for the presence nests of N. corniger. The occurrence of termites was registered in all tree rows sampled (n = 95). Of the total of 545 inspected trees, 77% were infested by termites, identified four species distributed into two families: three native species Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren and Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) and an exotic species of Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). The most frequent species was N. corniger (?2 = 82.04, df = 3, p <0.001), occurring in 79% of infested trees, followed by N. jaraguae (6% of infested trees). The termite species least infested trees were found in C. gestroi (1%) and M. strunckii (1%). In general , the exotic tree species Albizia Lebeck is the most infested by termites and also exotic Leucaena leucocephala is less infested. 114 Nest establishment of N. corniger were identified, and the tree species Schinus terebinthifolius the most nidificada. So the trees of the Catalan's Island salt marsh area are infested with native and exotic termites, however, the native termite N. corniger is predominant. / Os t?rmitas arbor?colas que fazem parte da fauna brasileira atacam ?reas urbanas que expandiram sobre ?reas de vegeta??o silvestre. A arboriza??o urbana quando n?o segue os preceitos adequados de plantio e manejo, transforma as ?rvores em locais de nidifica??o e alimenta??o dos cupins. Dessa forma, esp?cies arbor?colas de cupins passam a assumir import?ncia crescente como pragas. Esse estudo objetivou identificar as esp?cies de cupins associadas a esp?cies arb?reas e verificar, em condi??es de campo, se esses t?rmitas exibem prefer?ncia para nidifica??o e forrageamento, na ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o, no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Para isso, foram sorteadas aleatoriamente 95 linhas de plantio de ?rvores localizadas nessa ?rea. Nestas linhas foi percorrido um trajeto de 100 m, tamb?m escolhido aleatoriamente, e durante esse percurso todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas para verificar a ocorr?ncia de cupins. Os cupins encontrados foram coletados, preservados em ?lcool 70% para posterior identifica??o. Para avaliar a prefer?ncia de nidifica??o, todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas quanto a presen?a de ninhos de N. corniger. A ocorr?ncia de t?rmitas foi registrada em todas as linhas de plantio amostradas (n=95). Do total de 545 ?rvores inspecionadas, 77% estavam infestadas por cupins, sendo identificadas quatro esp?cies distribu?das em duas fam?lias: tr?s esp?cies nativas de Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren e Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) e uma esp?cie ex?tica de Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). A esp?cie mais frequente foi N. corniger (?2 =82,04; g.l.=3; p<0,001), ocorrendo em 79% das ?rvores infestadas, seguida por N. jaraguae (6% das ?rvores infestadas). As esp?cies de t?rmitas menos encontradas nas ?rvores infestadas foram C. gestroi (1%) e M. strunckii (1%). De maneira geral, a esp?cie arb?rea ex?tica Albizia lebeck ? a mais infestada pelos t?rmitas e a tamb?m ex?tica Leucaena leucocephala ? a menos infestada. Foram identificadas 114 nidifica??es de N. corniger, sendo a esp?cie arb?rea Schimus terebinthifolius a mais nidificada. Portanto, as ?rvores da ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o s?o infestadas por t?rmitas nativos e ex?ticos, no entanto, o t?rmita nativo N. corniger ? predominante

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:33:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabricioRC_DISSERT.pdf: 838962 bytes, checksum: 3096b614c5fa73cd030f8193624b3469 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Protozoa may be an important alternative food source for Calanoida copepods in these environments. Aiming to quantify the feeding preferences of N. cearensis by ciliates in the presence of cyanobacteria, in vitro experiments were conducted, using mixed cultures in different concentrations of total food for copepod. Two ciliates species (Paramecium sp. and Cyclidium sp.) and a cyanobacteria toxic strain (Microcystis aeruginosa) were offered as food. Previous experiments were done to identify the copepod s maximum ingestion rate through the use of a type II functional response model when each prey is offered separately. High maximum ingestion rate were found when those protists were offered as prey. N. cearensis showed significant preference for protozoal prey over the cyanobacterium tested both in low (corresponding 95.15% of the diet) and in high food concentration treatments (about 91.56% of the diet), preferring the bigger ciliate in lower concentrations (67.52% of the diet). The meaningful involvement of heterotrophic organisms in the zooplankton diet emphasis the microbial loop participation in the energy transition from copepods to higher trophic levels. This data contributes to understand the stability of existing trophic interactions in reservoirs subjected to eutrophication and assists trophic cascade studies in these environments / Protozo?rios podem ser uma importante fonte alternativa de alimento para cop?podos Calanoida em ambientes dominados por cianobact?rias. Com o objetivo de quantificar a prefer?ncia alimentar de Notodiaptomus cearensis por ciliados em presen?a de cianobact?rias, experimentos in vitro foram conduzidos, utilizando-se culturas mistas em diferentes concentra??es totais de alimento para o cop?podo. Duas esp?cies de ciliados (Paramecium sp. e Cyclidium sp.) e uma cepa t?xica de cianobact?ria (Microcystis aeroginosa) foram ofertados como alimentos. Experimentos pr?vios visando identificar as taxas de ingest?o m?xima do cop?podo atrav?s do uso de um modelo de resposta funcional do tipo II quando cada uma das presas ? ofertada separadamente tamb?m foram realizados. O cop?podo apresentou maior taxa de ingest?o m?xima quando ciliados s?o ofertados como presa. N. cearensis mostrou prefer?ncia significativa por protozo?rios em detrimento da cianobact?ria testada tanto em tratamentos com menor (correspondendo a cerca de 95,15% da dieta) quanto com maior concentra??o de alimento (cerca de 91,56% da dieta), preferindo o ciliado de maior tamanho nas menores concentra??es (67,52% da dieta). A participa??o significativa de organismos heterotr?ficos na dieta do zoopl?ncton d? maior ?nfase ? participa??o da al?a microbiana na passagem de energia para n?veis tr?ficos superiores. Tal dado colabora para o entendimento da estabilidade das intera??es tr?ficas existentes em reservat?rios sujeitos a eutrofiza??o e auxilia estudos de cascata tr?fica nesses ambientes