Objetivo: Comparar las percepciones sobre las dificultades en el tratamiento endodóntico entre odontólogos generales y estudiantes de odontología. Métodos: Se evaluaron 169 cuestionarios resueltos por odontólogos y estudiantes de odontología de una universidad privada de Lima. Se utilizó el instrumento elaborado por Tavares y Alonso, que contaba con 2 secciones: percepción de la dificultad en el tratamiento endodóntico y la prescripción de antibióticos. Además, para verificar la validez interna, se realizaron diferentes procesos como traducción de la encuesta, juicio de expertos y prueba piloto. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva (frecuencia absoluta y relativa); y para determinar las diferencias en la percepción entre los alumnos de odontología y odontólogos generales frente al procedimiento endodóntico, se realizó la prueba de homogeneidad de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: Se encontró que los estudiantes y odontólogos generales presentan mayor dificultad en la localización y desinfección del conducto radicular, cavidad de acceso endodóntico y la obturación de conductos. Por otro lado, en cuanto a la prescripción de medicamentos, se observaron diferencias entre ambas poblaciones, específicamente en el antibiótico elegido para el tratamiento de una infección endodóntica sin alergia a la penicilina (p=0,042) y situación clínica considerada para indicar antibiótico (p=0,030). Conclusiones: Los resultados del estudio muestran que los alumnos y odontólogos generales presentaron dificultad en los mismos procedimientos del tratamiento de endodoncia. Además, se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prescripción de medicamentos en ambos grupos. / Objective: To compare perceptions of difficulties in root canal treatments between professional dentists and dentistry students. Materials and methods: A 169 questionnaire given to professional dentists and dentistry students of a private university in Lima. These questionnaires were evaluated using the Tavares and Alonso instrument, which encompasses two sections: perception of difficulty in endodontic treatment and antibiotics prescription.and antibiotics prescription. To verify internal validity, it went through different processes such as survey translation, expert judgment criteria and pilot test. Data was analized by descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency); and to identify differences in perception of professional dentists and dentistry students, the Chi-square homogeneity test was performed. Results: It was conclude that both, professional dentists and dentistry students present great difficulty in locating and treating the root canal, endodontic access cavity and duct filling. Regarding the antibiotics prescription, differences were observed between both populations, particularly in the antibiotic chosen for the treatment of an endodontic infection without penicillin allergy (p=0,042) and clinical situation considered to indicate antibiotic (p = 0.030). Conclusions: The results of the study shows that both professional dentists and dentistry students show difficulties in the same kind of endodontics procedures. Also, significant statistical differences were found in antibiotics prescription in both groups. / Tesis

Background: Opioid abuse has become a serious public health issue. While adequate pain management is an ethical responsibility for health care providers, responsible stewardship of controlled substances is of equal concern. Opioids are often prescribed for treatment of acute pain post-operatively. The purpose of this study is to examine opioid prescription practices and use of opioids after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: A convenience sample of 42 patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled in the study. Using a descriptive study design, patients were interviewed by phone 6-10 days post-operatively using a scripted questionnaire. The average number of excess prescribed opioid medication pills, patient perception of prescribed quantity, duration of opioid use, and average pain score with and without activity on the date of contact was determined. Participants were also asked about any instruction received regarding proper medication disposal. Results: A final sample of 34 patients met inclusion criteria and completed the phone questionnaire. Average number of excess pills ranged from 0-42 (M:14; SD 11.7). Nearly half of patients (47%) perceived the prescribed quantity as 'too many', 41% indicated the prescription quantity was 'just right' but many had left-over pills, and 11.8% believed the prescribed quantity to be 'too few'. The average number of days of opioid use following surgery was 4.2 days with 71% of patients using opioids for five or fewer days. The average pain score at the time of the interview was 2.0 without activity, and 4.1 with activity. Almost all (88%) patients did not recall any instruction or knowledge of appropriate medication disposal. A few participants volunteered plans to dispose of unused medications by various means, while others indicated they planned to keep excess pills. Conclusion: Pain management experts advise using around-the-clock regimens of over-thecounter analgesics (i.e. acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAID)) and using opioids sparingly as an adjunct therapy following uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The data in this study indicated currently prescribed opioid quantities after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are more than adequate and could be decreased without affecting adequate pain management. In addition, the data show a large majority of patients are not provided with personalized instruction on proper medication disposal procedures.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Deaths due to prescription painkillers and heroin have quickly become national, state, and local public health concerns. Studies using data from Medical Examiners or Coroner Offices throughout the United States have been conducted and are contributing to the understanding of this epidemic. However, the analysis of these fatalities are specific to the communities where the study was conducted and cannot be assumed that the decedents in one community are similar to decedents in another community. Many local governments and agencies throughout the U.S. are aware that this problem exists in their communities, but are not prepared to adequately respond to and intervene in these fatalities as an analysis of those who have died has rarely been conducted. This dissertation is a replication study of longitudinal epidemiological analyses of opiate related fatalities that was implemented in a location where an analysis of opiate-related fatalities had not been conducted, Marion County, Indiana. The purpose of the dissertation was twofold: (1) to describe the demographic characteristics of the decedents using publicly available data from the Marion County Coroner’s Office to be used in informing future preventative efforts to decrease opiate-related fatalities in Marion County and (2) to inform other communities on how to conduct a similar analysis in their own community. This dissertation describes the methods of the replication study, provides descriptive results of the people who died from opiate-related overdoses, and: (a) Report the types of opiates identified in blood toxicology reports and (b) Present the histories of opiate-related decedents as reported in the Deputy Coroner Field Officer’s Reports (DCFOR). Additionally, analysis was conducted to determine if decedent characteristics deferred depending on the type of opiate fatality based on the toxicology in 1) heroin alone, 2) painkillers alone, and 3) heroin and painkillers combined.

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The present study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to better understand how perceived susceptibility and severity (perceived threat) can contribute to college student’s willingness to use non-prescription stimulants (NPS). Prior research has shown that as the perceived threat of use increased college student’s intentions to use NPS has decreased (Sattler, Mehlkop, & Graeff, 2013). The psychology research pool was used to recruit 1067 non-user undergraduate students to complete the vignettes and the survey. Participants were given one of sixteen different vignettes that manipulated the perceived threat for academic and health consequences associated with NPS use. Data analyses showed that a combination of high perceived academic threat (high susceptibility and severity) along with high health susceptibility yielded the lowest willingness to use NPS. Therefore, the higher susceptibility that an academic and health consequence will occur along with the higher severity of an academic consequence will occur predicted the lowest intentions to use NPS. Future research should continue to examine what factors can best deter non-users and users from using NPS.

Background: This article aims to carry out a review on social prescription and trust regarding the deployment of social benefits in the Elderly Centers (CAM) of the Social Health Security (EsSalud) during the health emergency due to COVID-19. EsSalud in its 126 CAM provides social benefits to older adults, that is, activities for the use of free time that are linked to social prescription; that when the sanitary emergency was decreed they turned to the virtual modality. Experience in the face of the pandemic indicates that trust in institutions varies around the decisions made; helping to maintain it, measures such as transparency, collaboration between stakeholders, among others; Aspects of interest if you want the population to follow the health guidelines provided. In this sense, we propose that social prescription activities can contribute to the improvement of trust, and must carry out binding research for decision-making. / Revisión por pares

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This study investigates the misuse of prescription stimulants among undergraduates for a variety of different purposes, including: academic, other instrumental, and recreational. This research is important as existing literature as well as national level surveillance data indicates a substantial increase in this type of prescription drug misuse, especially among young adults aged 18-25. Drawing from several theoretical frameworks, this research focuses on how academic strain, social norms, and gender influence prescription stimulant misuse among undergraduates. Roughly 900 quantitative surveys were collected that specifically address undergraduate prescription stimulant misuse. The results indicate that college students are at an increased likelihood of misusing prescription stimulants if they experienced academic impediments and/or grade strain during the past academic year. Additionally, the findings show that undergraduates who have accepting attitudes of prescription stimulant misuse and who have peers that misuse prescription stimulants are also at an increased likelihood of misusing prescription stimulants. Furthermore, males were at an increased likelihood of prescription stimulant misuse for academic purposes if they had experienced grade strain during the past academic year in comparison to their female counterparts. Female undergraduates, on the other hand, were four times more likely than male undergraduates to obtain prescription stimulants from their close friends for free.