Nos últimos anos o termo diplomacia presidencial tornou-se conhecido por todos devido a sua presença tanto na mídia, quanto nos meios acadêmicos e diplomáticos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o conceito de diplomacia presidencial no Brasil, cunhado por estudiosos para nomear a nova atitude – mais ativa – de alguns presidentes em política externa. Essa análise é importante para uma melhor compreensão da ação dos chefes de Executivo nacionais no cenário externo. Para isso, comparam-se publicações que abordam o conceito e aquelas que o definem, o que contribui para a compreensão do seu estatuto teórico. Além disso, confronta-se o conceito de diplomacia presidencial com outras abordagens que tratam da ação da Presidência da República na formulação de política externa. / In recent years the term presidential diplomacy has become widely known due to its constant presence in the media, the academic and diplomatic circles. This paper aims to analyze the concept of presidential diplomacy in Brazil, coined by researchers to describe the new and more active attitude toward foreign policy of some presidents. This analysis is important to better understand the actions executed by the head of the Executive in the international arena. Publications that approached the concept and those that defined it were compared in order to contribute to the comprehension of its theoretical statute. Furthermore, the concept of presidential diplomacy was confronted with other approaches that deal with the direct intervention of the Chief-of-State in the formulation of foreign policy.

C-level Thesis in International Relations Course.

The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the issues of economic development of Spain and its operation within the EC / EU.In the first chapter is mentioned basic information on the country. These data are important for understanding the circumstances that led to the integration of Spain into European structures. Then second chapter describes the negotiation process and the economic and political effects of enlargement of the EC.The third chapter contains information about the economic development of Spain before and after joining the EC. It also addresses the problem of unemployment, immigration and economic consequences of the current economic crisis.The last chapter is devoted to the role of Spain and its position on the most important issues of the integration process.

When Joseph Smith founded the Church of Christ in April 1830, he also established the framework for councils, the decision-making mechanism of the early Church. Early councils included a group of men holding the priesthood and often included a congregation. They would gather and make authoritative decisions, including if someone accused of wrongdoing was guilty and should receive formal disciplinary action. As the Church grew, Smith further developed this council system. Elders and high priests frequently formed councils, which gradually gave way to bishop's councils. In 1834, high councils began to establish an appellate court where disgruntled Church members could appeal their case. Later, Smith formed other disciplinary bodies and gave them limited jurisdictional authority. Depending on where they lived, Church members utilized different councils. Kirtland and Missouri principally used a bishop and high council, while other outlying congregations relied primarily on elder and high priest councils. Notwithstanding these organizational differences, early Church councils exhibited several consistent patterns. They encouraged individuals to reform their behavior, provided progressive rights to women and children, and inspired confidence in the system, even though Church leaders sometimes disagreed with individual rulings. Although often overlooked, early Church councils played a pivotal role in protecting and developing Church orthodoxy and orthopraxy.

Topics associated with the United States' foreign policy towards the European Union have become increasingly intense in expert discussions since the turn of the millennium. This is due to several factors, primarily including the strength of the two clusters, on two shores of the Atlantic ocean. The work on the topic of transatlantic relations is divided into four chapters, where the first chapter deals with the theory of regionalism, the historical development of relations between the United States and the European Union, and the European Community. The conclusion of the chapter then anchors foreign policy actors from the US perspective. However, the thesis aim is to compare two US presidents and their relations with the EU. The selected presidents are Barack Obama and Donald Trump, when the 2012-2018 period is a crucial time for work. The aim of the thesis is to find answers to several questions, when the main one is whether and what difference is in the approach of Barack Obama and Donald Trump towards the EU. The paper sets out several criteria by its research, which will then be compared from the perspective of two presidents in order to show whether and how the policies of two consecutive presidents differ in EU relations.

The subject of this thesis is the Imperial Presidency. Arthur Schlesinger is the author of this term in the realm of Political Science. His book was a reaction to the gradual accretion of political power in the office of the President of the United States. Imperial Presidency is described by variables: a) The President overreaches his powers given to him by the Constitution of the USA; b) The President is not limited by other branches of power. The theories behind this thesis are called the unilateral action theory and the unitary presidency theory. After designating variables in the thesis we should be able to answer the question: "What kind of political behaviour describes imperial presidency?"

Diploma thesis "Achievements of Czech and Belgian presidencies in EU environmental policy area in comparative perspective" deals with the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Specifically, this qualitative comparative case study draws a comparison between the achievements of first Czech presidency in 2009 and latest Belgian presidency in 2010 in the area of environmental policy. High level of measures in this field represents one of the important characteristics of the European Union in this period of time. Despite the fact that both examined presidencies took place during the economic crisis, they could not forget to deal with environmental problems in order to maintain the EU's leading position in environmental policy and related issues. Keywords European Union, Environment, EU Environmental Policy, EU Presidency

This thesis focuses on the role of the advisors in the US foreign policy, especially in the decision-making process, which constitutes a part of presidential system in the United States of America. The methodology of the conceptual part is based on individual typologies of presidential control of the US administrations. The thesis also describes evolution of this discipline, which in the USA is studied in the field of Foreign Policy Analysis. The conceptual scheme of the presidential control is based on the models by Johnson, George and Mitchell. The theoretical approach to the roles of advisors is patterned on the models of Mulcahy, Crabb and Hönig. The thesis combines these theoretical bases to describe and explain the evolution of presidential control typologies. Some problematic particularities of the Mitchell typology are also reviewed in this part. The next part based on the theoretical models analyses empirical reality. The analytical part constitutes of two case studies, which describe the role of the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the key deliberations of the presidential administrations of William J. Clinton (reaction to the conflict in Bosnia) and George W. Bush (preparation of the invasion in Iraq). The aim of this thesis is to applicate the typologies of...

Depuis l’avènement en 1963 du régime présidentiel au Sénégal, on observe une concentration extraordinaire des pouvoirs par le président de la République. Les stratégies visant à renforcer la domination présidentielle sur le jeu politique ont ouvert la voie à une présidentialisation du régime qui a placé le titulaire de la charge suprême dans une constante quête hégémonique.Les incidences de cette dernière renseignent sur l’importance et la nature d’un leadership présidentiel qui est devenu le principal moteur du jeu politique sénégalais. Au demeurant, cette quête de domination a des implications, non seulement sur le plan national, mais également sur le plan international.Sur le plan national, les exigences de préservation et de renforcement du pouvoir présidentiel ont fait passer la Constitution au second rang dans la structuration du jeu politique au profit de la présidence de la République. En outre, l’hypercentralisation du pouvoir politique est devenue le mode de gestion érigé en vue de garantir la dépendance des acteurs du jeu politique vis-à-vis du pouvoir présidentiel.Sur le plan international, le leadership présidentiel s’exprime par la politique de puissance qui est menée. Le président sénégalais, conscient de sa légitimité démocratique, cherche à positionner son pays au rang de puissance incontournable sur la scène continentale. Il cherche également à exercer une plus grande influence à travers un leadership moral qui permet de compenser les faiblesses économiques, militaires, etc. du Sénégal par rapport à ses principaux concurrents à l’hégémonie continentale. / Pas de résumé en anglais

Throughout the history of the Mormon movement, certain members or groups of members, have exercised free agency in the form of dissent against the direction which the prophet of that church chose to lead his movement. The form of this dissent varied but the theme was usually quite consistant: a demand for moderation. For many of these dissenters the extremes of Mormon doctrine seemed to take them out of touch with prevailing American values.Joseph Smith III, a son of the Mormon founder, proved to be one of these moderates. He ultimately rejected all of his father's more radical theology as he created a movement in which the believers in his father's divine mission and the Book of Mormon could exercise their faith without losing the good will of the American people.