Bibliography: pages 128-132. / A micro-computer based package for the analysis and design of prestressed flat slabs is presented. The constant strain triangle and the discreet Kirchhoff plate bending triangle are combined to provide an efficient "shell" element. These triangles are used for the finite element analysis of prestressed flat slabs. An efficient out-of-core solver for sets of linear simultaneous equations is presented. This solver was developed especially for micro-computers. Subroutines for the design of prestressed flat slabs include the principal stresses in the top and bottom fibres of the plate, Wood/Armer moments and untensioned steel areas calculated according to Clark's recommendations. Extensive pre- and post-processing facilities are presented. Several plotting routines were developed to aid the user in his understanding of the behaviour of the structure under load and prestressing.

A inicios del año 2017 se registró una anomalía sen los efectos climatológicos generados por el Fenómeno del Niño, siendo superior a otros años y generando lluvias extraordinarias a lo largo de la costa peruana con mayor incidencia en la zoma norte. Ello conllevo al aumento de caudal y reactivación de quebradas por donde antes transcurrió un rio, el resultado fue de más de 280 mil damnificados que carecían de ayuda debido a que los caminos y puentes habían sufrido daños que impedían su operatividad al punto de estar colapsados. Posterior al sucedido se detectaron las causas que llevaron al fallo de las estructuras y se llegó a la conclusión de que no se consideraron los eventos extraordinarios del Fenómeno del Niño, la definición del tipo de estructura no fue el adecuado y los estudios de ingeniería básica no dieron la información adecuada a fin de prever este tipo de problemas. Para el caso de estudio se eligió el puente ubicado en la quebrada Venados en el distrito de Lancones (Sullana-Piura), donde la estructura de 60 metros de longitud fue excedida hidráulicamente debido a que el caudal cubrió un área mucho mayor a la cubierta por el puente. Se aborda el caso proponiendo un puente construido por la metodología de dovelas sucesivas, con dos pilares oblongos huecos y dos estribos; además de efectuarse el calculo hidrológico para diseñar enrocados como protección de riberas. / At the beginning of the year 2017, an anomaly was registered without the climatological effects generated by the “El Niño” Phenomenon, being higher than in other years and generating extraordinary rains along the Peruvian coast with the highest incidence in the northern area. This led to the increase in flow and reactivation of streams where a river previously passed, the result was more than 280 thousand victims who lacked help because the roads and bridges had suffered damages that prevented their operation to the point of being collapsed. After the event, the causes that led to the failure of the structures were detected and it was concluded that the extraordinary events of the El Niño phenomenon were not considered, the definition of the type of structure was not adequate and the basic engineering studies were not they gave the appropriate information in order to foresee these kinds of problems. For the case study, the bridge located in the Venados gully in the Lancones district (Sullana-Piura) was chosen, where the 60-meter-long structure was hydraulically exceeded because the flow covered a much larger area than the one covered by the bridge. The case is approached proposing a bridge built by the methodology of successive segments, with two oblong hollow pillars and two abutments; in addition to carrying out the hydrological calculation to design rocky as protection of banks. / Tesis

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In early 2020, cracks were discovered on the bridge crossing the Torne River at Autio. This resulted in an investigation being launched to determine the structural state of the bridge. In conjunction with this investigation, monitoring equipment was installed on the bridge, which enabled the collection of measured strain at four critical points on the bridge.  In this thesis the measured strain was used to approximate stresses in the prestressing cables and thereby calculate the effects of fatigue on the bridge. Two different structural standards were used to calculate the results: Eurocode 2, and fib Model Code 2010. Likewise, two different cycle-counting methods were used to calculate the results: the Rainflow-algorithm, and the largest-magnitude approach.  Regardless of structural standard or cycle-counting method, the results indicate that the effects of fatigue are neither an issue for the bridge, currently, nor will it be in the expected lifetime of the bridge.

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