<div>Biomedical data exists in the form of journal articles, research studies, electronic health records, care guidelines, etc. While text mining and natural language processing tools have been widely employed across various domains, these are just taking off in the healthcare space.</div><div><br></div><div>A primary hurdle that makes it difficult to build artificial intelligence models that use biomedical data, is the limited amount of labelled data available. Since most models rely on supervised or semi-supervised methods, generating large amounts of pre-processed labelled data that can be used for training purposes becomes extremely costly. Even for datasets that are labelled, the lack of normalization of biomedical concepts further affects the quality of results produced and limits the application to a restricted dataset. This affects reproducibility of the results and techniques across datasets, making it difficult to deploy research solutions to improve healthcare services.</div><div><br></div><div>The research presented in this thesis focuses on reducing the need to create labels for biomedical text mining by using unsupervised recurrent neural networks. The proposed method utilizes word embeddings to generate vector representations of biomedical concepts based on semantics and context. Experiments with unsupervised clustering of these biomedical concepts show that concepts that are similar to each other are clustered together. While this clustering captures different synonyms of the same concept, it also captures the similarities between various diseases and the symptoms that those diseases are symptomatic of.</div><div><br></div><div>To test the performance of the concept vectors on corpora of documents, a document vector generation method that utilizes these concept vectors is also proposed. The document vectors thus generated are used as an input to clustering algorithms, and the results show that across multiple corpora, the proposed methods of concept and document vector generation outperform the baselines and provide more meaningful clustering. The applications of this document clustering are huge, especially in the search and retrieval space, providing clinicians, researchers and patients more holistic and comprehensive results than relying on the exclusive term that they search for.</div><div><br></div><div>At the end, a framework for extracting clinical information that can be mapped to electronic health records from preventive care guidelines is presented. The extracted information can be integrated with the clinical decision support system of an electronic health record. A visualization tool to better understand and observe patient trajectories is also explored. Both these methods have potential to improve the preventive care services provided to patients.</div>

Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskors uppfattningar om att använda bedömningsinstrument i preventiv vård av äldre personer inom kommunal hälso- och sjukvård. Metod: Kvalitativ ansats användes, där individuella intervjuer med sjuksköterskor inom kommunal hälso- och sjukvård genomfördes. Insamlat material analyserades med induktiv innehållsanalys.Resultat: Utifrån genomförd innehållsanalys framkom det tre kategorier: verktyg för ökad patientsäkerhet, erfarenhet och kunskap är en förutsättning, bristande verklighetsförankring och användbarhet. Till dessa finns subkategorier, där studiens syfte belystes. Resultatet visade att bedömningsinstrument kan användas som verktyg till en säkrare och mer jämlik vård, där risker kunde identifieras, skapa en objektiv och tydlig struktur. Erfarenhet och kunskap ansågs vara förutsättningar för att kunna använda bedömningsinstrument. Det fanns också svårigheter, som att bedömnings-instrumenten kunde vara svåra att tolka, missvisande och inte alltid stämde med verkligheten, vilket gör det viktigt att välja rätt bedömningsinstrument.Slutsats: Användning av bedömningsinstrument kan leda till säkrare, mer jämlik och rättvis förebyggande vård av äldre. Det krävs utbildning och kunskap för att bedömningsinstrument ska användas och vana ökade användning och acceptans. Begränsningar som upplevdes var att det kunde vara svårt eller missvisande. Vidare forskning skulle kunna vara den äldres upplevelse av bedömningsinstrumenten i den preventiva vården samt hur bedömningsinstrument används vid bedömning av äldre med kognitiv svikt.Nyckelord: Sjuksköterskors upplevelser, bedömningsinstrument, kommunal hälso- och sjukvård, preventiv vård av äldre / Aim: The purpose was to investigate the nurses perception in using the assessment instrument in preventative care of elderly within a municipal health care setting. Method: A qualitative approach was used and were performed with individual interviews of nurses. They were working in a municipal health care setting. The collected material was assessed with an inductive content analysis. Results: From the content analysis it emerged three categories, tools for increased patient safety, experience and knowledge is vital, lacking reality abutment and usability and to these sub categories where the purpose of the study where shown. The result showed that the assessment instrument can be used as a tool for a safer and more equal care. Experience and knowledge where seen as vital in order to be able to use the assessment instrument. It also emerged that there could be difficulties to interpret the assessment instrument as well as being misleading and not in touch with reality. Conclusions: The use of assessment instruments can lead to a secure, more equal and fair prevention in the care of the elderly. It is required to get education and knowledge about the assessment instrument to make sure it is being used and by using it frequently it increased use and acceptance. The limitations that were perceived were that it could be hard to understand or misleading. Further research could be the elderly experience of the assessment tools in preventive care and how assessment tools are used in assessing the elderly with cognitive impairment.Keywords: Nursing experiences, assessment tools, municipal health care, preventive care of older people.

The aim of the master thesis is to explain and sum up the currently accepted rules of preventive care of historical book collections. It concentrates on the mechanical abuse of them. It aims to make clear what the concept 'historical book collections' mean and what exactly 'the preventive care of them' is. The work also deals with the degradation factors, storage and manipulation problems, conditions of access and possibilities of preservation reformatting.

The thesis deals with the impact of orofacial cleft (cleft lip and palate) on family psychosomatics within the psycho-social-ethical framework. It summarises the history, classification and treatment of cleft disorders, followed by an analysis of real-life problems occuring in the process of taking care of a baby with orofacial cleft, specifies terms frequently used when discussing orofacial cleft as a stigma: stigma and stigmatisation, norm and normality, beauty and ugliness.The phenomena of fear and pain, difficulty in communication with the child{\crq}s and the parents{\crq} immediate social surroundings and, the barriers between experts and the parents are dealt with in the thesis. The thesis focuses on orofacial cleft anomalies in connection with Christian ethics. It analyses the relation of abortion and orofacial disorders and the role of hope in the process of taking care and upbringing of a child suffering from this disorder.