ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper discusses using the CAN (Control Area Network) Bus protocol for control and status of flight test data acquisition systems. The application of the CAN (Control Area Network) on an F/A-18 aircraft will be discussed in detail.

ABSTRACT In recent years China's rapid rise and low-cost advantages, has brought the greatest impact on the printed circuit board industry, low-cost competition for the majority of Taiwanese companies are not strengths, combined with the financial crisis began in 2008, followed by 2009, the world consumer electronics market tightening, are tested in Taiwan for the production of printed circuit board industry base in the viability of manufacturers. In this study, through the study of Taiwan as a production base in case the printed circuit board companies, in the face of financial crisis in 2008, and follow-up to internal and external changes in the industry and the growth and decline of national competitiveness, the restructuring strategy is adopted to overcome the external environmental challenges of rapid change, which concludes with Taiwan as a production base of the printed circuit board industry, in the face of financial turmoil and economic environment changes and the overall production of cross-strait ECFA signed, to the advantage of strengths and talents of Taiwan culture resources, so printed circuit board manufacturing industry can continue to Taiwan as a production base, more competitive challenges towards internationalization. In this study, the research method is qualitative research in the case study method, the scope of the production base of a Taiwanese printed circuit board industry, the use of literature survey and data compilation, and the case company interviews, and data collation, the first stage first motive of enterprise transformation, analysis and use of five forces analysis and diamond model to understand the background and conditions of business transformation, the second stage, the case company interviews, SWOT analysis summarized the case company and the feasibility assessment and develop transformation strategies, and understanding of the transformation strategy of the key success factors. The study concludes on the hope that the production base in Taiwan for the printed circuit board industry in the face of changing external environment when assessing the feasibility of transformation strategy and development, and further development of Taiwan companies for the future a reference transformation strategy. Keywords¡GPrinted Circuit Board (PCB), Five Forces Analysis, Diamond Model, SWOT Analysis, Transformation Strategies

Recent development in electronics for mobile devices has led to the decrease in sizes and cost of autonomous complex embedded systems such as satellites. It is now possible to build a satellite quicker and only for a fraction of previous costs by using Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) components. Yet, there are some obstacles that need to be overcome before a successful small satellite can be designed. Among these are the radiation environment, thermal issues, the overall system complexity and tight schedules. This thesis addresses these issues and proposes an overall approach for designing small satellites’ electronics. This approach can be summarised in 6 recommendations: Keep it simple Use fast hardware iterations Do not use space grade components Use a single string design on the system level (no redundancy) Design with limited trust in the software Use simple, accessible and easy updatable documentation With respect to those recommendations an on board data processing system, the Processing Board, has been designed for the ICEYE-1 satellite. The ICEYE-1 satellite is a fully commercial Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite that will be launched in December 2017. The designed board has been manufactured and verified during airborne test campaigns. / Nya elektronikutvecklingar för mobiltelefoner har lett till en minskning av storlek och kostnader för andra autonoma komplexa inbyggda system som t.ex. satelliter. Så kallade småsatelliter kan numera byggas snabbare och för endast en bråkdel av tidigare kostnader med hjälp av Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) komponenter. Det finns dock vissa hinder som måste övervinnas om man vill designa en pålitligt fungerande småsatellit. Till dessa kan räknas strålningsmiljön, väl fungerande värmeledning, det totala systemets komplexitet samt snäva tidtabeller. Detta examensarbete behandlar dessa frågor och föreslår en övergripande strategi för att designa elektronik för småsatelliter. Detta tillvägagångssätt kan sammanfattas i 6 rekommendationer: Håll det enkelt Implementera snabba hårdvaruiterationer Använd inte rymdklassade komponenter Använd ingen redundans på systemnivå Designa med en begränsad tilltro på mjukvaran Dokumentera på ett enkelt, tillgängligt och lätt uppdateringsbart sätt Dessa rekommendationer har använts till att utveckla ett databehandlingssystem, kallat "Processing Board", till småsatelliten ICEYE-1. ICEYE-1 är en kommersiell Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellit som kommer att skjutas i omloppsbana i december 2017. Databehandlingssystemet i fråga har utvecklats och verifierats i samband med flygplansburna testkampanjer.

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is damage detection strategy for aerospace, civiland mechanical infrastructure. This project tries to show that Lamb waves, that are being generated and sensed with piezoelectric transducers, can be used for damage detection in a SHM system. For these piezoelectric transducers to work, filtering and amplification circuits needs to be connected to them. This report include the design,simulation, assembly and testing of these circuits. Due to lack of time, it was not possible to generate and sense actual Lamb waves. The result of the thesis is thatsimulations and tests show that it is possible to generate and sense Lamb waves for damage detection in a SHM system / Structural health monitoring (SHM) är en skadedetekteringsstrategi för flyg-,civil- och mekanisk infrastruktur. Detta projekt försöker visa att Lambvågor, som genereras och avkänns med piezoelektriska givare, kan användas för skadedetektering i ett SHM-system. För att dessa piezoelektriska givare ska fungera krävs att filtrerings- och förstärkningskretsar är anslutna till dem. Denna rapport inkluderar design, simulering, montering och testning av dessa kretsar. På grund av tidsbrist var det inte möjligt att generera eller avkänna Lambvågor. Resultatet av examensarbetet är att simuleringar och tester visar att det är möjligt att generera och avkänna Lambvågor för skadedetektering i ett SHM-system.

Outer space is a very harsh environment that can cause electronics to not operate as they were originally intended. Aside from the extreme amount of radiation found in space, temperatures can also change very dramatically in a relatively small time frame. In order to test electronics that will be used in this environment, they first need to be tested on Earth under replicated conditions. Vanderbilt University designed a dewar that allows devices to be tested at these extreme temperatures while being radiated. For this thesis, a test setup that met all of the dewar's constraints was designed that would allow a 12-bit, 16-channel analog-to-digital converter to be tested while inside.

In this study, the wastewater generated from etching process of the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was treated by a process including both acidification and coagulation/sedimentation and then followed by the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) over different catalysts (either Pt/SiO2¡PAl2O3 or Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3) process in series. Although the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of the wastewater is as high as 7740-12700 mg/L, the effluent of the pretreatment process was measured to have COD value in ranges of 3050-4260 mg/L. Several re-action parameters, such as reaction temperatures (200-260¢J), oxygen partial pressures (0-3 MPa), and two kinds of catalysts were performed experimentally to investigate the COD reduction of the wastewater during the CWAO process. Both reaction temperature and variety of catalyst are found most effectively on the COD reduction. However, the effect of oxygen partial pressure on the COD reduction is just in little. Results showed that the COD reduction during the CWAO over the Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalyst process is the most significant, which with a tow-step re-action and both the two reactions do obey first-order reaction kinetics. A change from a higher reaction activity of the CWAO reaction to a slower one implies a decrease of the reaction rate. On basis of our experiments data, the effective operating conditions of CWAO for the COD reduction was observed to be at temperature of 260¢J under oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa and at a retention time period of 60 min. The COD conversion was calculated as high as 75%; however, it could be enhanced up to 78% and 91%, respectively, when the CWAO was conducted in presence of the Pt/SiO2¡PAl2O3 and Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalysts, respectively. It can be seen that the organic compound of the wastewater was mineralized most completely (with a COD/TOC ratio of 3.7¡Ó0.2) after the CWAO over the Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalyst process. Furthermore, a higher COD/TOC ratio of 3.9¡Ó0.3 was achieved when the Pt/SiO2¡PAl2O3 catalyst was in presence of the CWAO process, and the primitive WAO process had the highest COD/TOC ratio of 4.8¡Ó0.4. The experimental data showed that both a higher reaction temperature (¡Ù260¢J) and an application of catalyst are more important factors for the min-eralization of the organic compound of the wastewater during the CWAO process. In our investigation, BOD5/COD ratio has been used to assess if the WAO and/or the CWAO process treatment yield products more amenable to biodegradation. The BOD5/COD ratio was 0.68-0.93 when the reaction temperature was above 220¢J and the retention time was as long as 60 min. Unfortunately, the BOD5/COD ratio of the effluent from the CWAO process came out a lower value (0.45-0.65) though it was under the same reaction conditions. It is probable that the biodegradable portion of the organic compounds of the wastewater were decomposed easier during the CWAO process than during the WAO process. In addition, it was found that the products of the wastewater was decomposed partially into CO2 and into some low molecular weigh acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. The activation energy with respect to COD was calculated to be 38.42 kJ/mole and 83 kJ/mole, respectively, for the first-step reaction and for the second-step reaction, respectively, of the WAO process. It was al-so calculated that the first-step reaction of the CWAO over the Pt/SiO2¡PAl2O3 catalyst process has activation energy of 18.25 kJ/mole and 25.76 kJ/mole is for the second-step reaction. However, 16.05 kJ/mole and 49.61 kJ/mole are calculated for the first-step and the sec-ond-step reactions, respectively, of the CWAO over the Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalyst process. It can be seen that the application of both the Pt/SiO2¡PAl2O3 and the Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalysts has a significant effect on reducing the activation energy of the WAO. It was observed that the total COD conversion of the wastewater is as high as 96% and the BOD5/COD ratio of the effluent has been en-hanced up to more than 0.6. The combination of both the CWAO over the Pt¡PX/£^-Al2O3 catalyst and the biological treatment is a promising tech-nique for the PCB¡¦s wastewater treatment to fit the wastewater control regulation in Taiwan, which requests the COD value of the wastewater discharged should be less than 120 mg/L.

Outer space is a very harsh environment that can cause electronics to not operate as they were originally intended. Aside from the extreme amount of radiation found in space, temperatures can also change very dramatically in a relatively small time frame. In order to test electronics that will be used in this environment, they first need to be tested on Earth under replicated conditions. Vanderbilt University designed a dewar that allows devices to be tested at these extreme temperatures while being radiated. For this thesis, a test setup that met all of the dewar's constraints was designed that would allow a 12-bit, 16-channel analog-to-digital converter to be tested while inside.

In this study, the plant layout problem of a worldwide Printed Circuit Board (PCB) producer company is analyzed. Machines are grouped into cells using grouping methodologies of Tabular Algorithm, K-means clustering algorithm, and Hierarchical grouping with Levenshtein distances. Production plant layouts, which are formed by using different techniques, are evaluated using technical and economical indicators.

The FDR (Frequency Disturbance Recorder) is a data acquisition device for the power system. The device is portable and can be used with any residential wall outlet for frequency data collection. Furthermore, the FDR transmits calculated frequency data to the web for access by authorized users via Ethernet connection. As a result, Virginia Tech implemented Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) with these FDR devices. FNET is a collection of identical FDRs placed in different measurement sites to allow for data integration and comparison. Frequency is an important factor for power system control and stabilization. With funding and support provided by ABB, TVA and NSF the FDRs are placed strategically all over the United States for frequency analysis, power system protection and monitoring. The purpose of this study is to refine the current FDR hardware design and establish a new design that will physically fit all the components on one Printed Circuit Board (PCB). At the same time, the software that is to be implemented on the new board is to be kept similar if not the same as that of the current design. The current FDR uses the Axiom CME555 development board and it is interfaced to the external devices through its communication ports. Even through the CME555 board is able to meet the demands of the basic FDR operations, there are still several problems associated with this design. This paper will address some of those hardware problems, as well as propose a new board design that is specifically aimed for operations of FDR. / Master of Science

Les énergies fossiles (Pétrole, Charbon, …) représentent 80 % des énergies consommés. Malheureusement pour l’environnement, elles sont les plus polluantes. Le remplacement actuel des énergies fossiles permet au marché de l’électronique de puissance de grandir d’année en année. L’électronique de puissance permet d’adapter l’énergie électrique à son utilisation finale. Dans la pratique, l’adaptation de l’énergie électrique utilise des convertisseurs. En plus de respecter le volume, l’efficacité et la fiabilité imposés par le cahier des charges pour chaque application, l’électronique de puissance doit aussi permettre de réduire sensiblement les coûts. Le convertisseur doit assurer le fonctionnement électrique du circuit, le support mécanique des composants et la gestion thermique. Le package utilisé par les nouveaux composants à grand gap limite leurs performances. L’intégration des convertisseurs doit développer des méthodes d’interconnexion permettant d’éliminer ce package. L’objectif de la recherche sur l’intégration des convertisseurs est de repousser les limites imposées par un cahier des charges standard tout en assurant ces 3 fonctions principales. Parmi les nombreuses techniques d’intégration, le circuit imprimé (PCB) est mature industriellement, permet la fabrication collective et un assemblage automatisé. L’intégration utilisant le PCB a développé la technique d’enfouissement de puce avec laquelle la puce est directement enfouie dans le PCB sans son package. Cette thèse va étudier la méthode d’enfouissement pour les autres composants nécessaires à la réalisation d’un convertisseur (Condensateurs, Composants Magnétiques). Une optimisation du convertisseur qui doit être réalisé permet de prendre en compte les avantages de cette nouvelle technologie. Un prototype de convertisseur intégré a été réalisé avec des composants utilisant cette technologie. / With the endangering of the environment due to the use of fossil fuels, the power electronics market is growing through the years. The number of applications is increasing in numerous field as, for example, transport (electric car, "more electric" aircraft) or energy (photovoltaic, smart grid). Beyond meeting the volume, efficiency and reliability specifications for each application, power electronics should also reduce substantially costs. Today, the managing of the electric energy uses power electronic converters. The conception of a converter is a multiphysic problem. The converter has to ensure electrical functionality, mechanical support and proper thermal management.The new wide-band gap components are limited in performance by their package. The integration of a converter should use new interconnection methods to avoid the use of packaged components. The trend is to integrate the maximum of components into a single system. This integration can offer benefits such as size and weight reduction, cost saving and reliability improvement by managing the complexity and the high density of interconnection. Among many integration technologies available, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is well known in the industry, allowing mass production with automated manufacturing and assembly. The PCB integration was developed with the “Die Embedding” technology in which a bare die in embedded directly in the PCB to not use package. This thesis studied the embedding technology on others components necessary to the realization of a converter (Capacitors, Magnetics, …). An optimization of the converter is done taking into account the advantages of this new technology. A prototype of an AC/DC bidirectional converter fully integrated using this technology was realized.