After the 11th National Conference of China in December 1978 and the reform of economic policy of China, the private enterprises have dramatically changed the economic scale and industrial structure of Mainland China. The timing for opening to private banks. The risks for China¡¦s state-owned business banks are too concentrated, the pace for reforms in China¡¦s state-owned business banks is slow, the lack of adequate competitive environment is the main reason for state-owned business banks¡¦ lack of motivation for reforms. Competition mechanism can be gradually established in China¡¦s financing area¡AIt is a way that do small and medium-sized private enterprises find it very difficult to secure a loan when the balance is great between the interest rates for depositors and those for borrowers in bank. It is exist definitely after calculated the fund gap of private enterprises, and will the adverse impacts be on China¡¦s financial industry upon China¡¦s entry into WTO. To know the relationship between private banks and opening of financial sector. Pose the main points of prepare opening to private banks in Mainland China

This thesis focuses on quantitative and mainly qualitative differences between graduates of private and public economic universities and on perception of such differences by employers. Described is the relationship of human capital and education as well as the development of higher education in the Czech Republic over last decades. The central hypothesis of this thesis, i.e. that in the field of economics, graduates of public universities are viewed by employers as "superior" to those from private schools, has been confirmed using the method of questionnaire survey.

This research constructs the theoretical framework through documentary analysis; it utilizes the approach of ¡§state and society relations¡¨ on the micro-level of the comparative politics, supplemented with the concept of ¡§corporatism¡¨. This research includes ¡§in-depth interview¡¨ and ¡§case study¡¨ to aim at examining two issues. While the Chinese government has been the central power, the enterprises are the key players in the businesses of modern China. When the private sector has prospered vigorously, the government faced increasing pressure from economic system reform. This indicates that the power of government will shift to the industry and trade association. This research finds that the trade association, deriving from ¡§top down¡¨ model, which can gain more self-Governance, is the successful case of transformation. Its character is that it neither seeks for power from the government during the transformation nor interest from the private sector, but, instead, serves for social welfare and receives more credibility from the public and better organizing autonomy. Since the south patrolling of Deng Xiaoping in 1992, the socialist market economy has been the goal China pursues. In 1998, the ninth session national representatives passed Decision of the structural reform of the State Council plan, and it pointed out ¡§establish a government administrative system with the Chinese characteristics and suitable to the socialist market economic system¡¨. In October 2003, the Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China passed Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Issues concerning the Improvement of the Socialist Market Economy . Obviously, in addition to the concept of open policy of the trade market, the policy on decentralization of governmental structural reform is in place. Those changes push the market mechanism to expand gradually, and accelerate the transformation of trade association. It makes the influence of trade association on industrial policy making grow. Particularly, Guangdong Province's economy opened early and also led the development of trade association. This research found that the system and development of trade association in Guangdong Province has exceeded that of the central government. ¡§Guangdong Food Profession Union¡¨ is one of the best examples. This research analyzes the development of food industry of both China and the Guangdong Province, in order to explain the relations among government, the business (market) and the society. Second, to analyze the development of trade association's of China and Guangdong Province to explain the formation of civil society. Third, using the case of ¡§Guangdong Food Profession Union¡¨ to study on its philosophy, institution and interest setting in order to map out the interaction among ¡§Guangdong Food Profession Union (GFPU)¡¨, government and business. Finally, it induces the relations among state, the market, the civil society. This research not only points out the similarities and differences between the study case and the general situation in China, but also classifies three kinds of trade association and within which the trade association of successful transformation might be called ¡§NGO with the Chinese characteristic¡¨. In brief, the social scope of trade association derived from ¡§top down¡¨ model, will de unavoidably deprived by the government. In the social scope formed by the trade association of successful transformation, the administrative authority is (Economic and Trade Commission) no longer in charge of them, but the ideology of Chinese Communist Party still exists. It was the ¡§civil society with the Chinese characteristic.¡¨

Submitted by Maíra Ayres Torres (mairaayres@gmail.com) on 2016-03-02T21:37:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versal Final Aprovada (02.03.2016).pdf: 2643109 bytes, checksum: fc462587d60b8f9cab295d0dc2e7eb8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-03-04T18:03:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versal Final Aprovada (02.03.2016).pdf: 2643109 bytes, checksum: fc462587d60b8f9cab295d0dc2e7eb8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2016-03-07T13:21:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versal Final Aprovada (02.03.2016).pdf: 2643109 bytes, checksum: fc462587d60b8f9cab295d0dc2e7eb8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T13:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versal Final Aprovada (02.03.2016).pdf: 2643109 bytes, checksum: fc462587d60b8f9cab295d0dc2e7eb8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / The present study is developed to analyze the asymmetric regulation model from two specific problems: the mechanisms required to obtain an asymmetric environment, as well as the manner in which to orchestrate such a model, in order to reconcile sustainable coexistence in a hybrid structure of competition. Changing a symmetric regulation environment observed shall be the way can be promoted to an asymmetric environment, safeguarding the rights and obligations of providers of certain activity. Moreover, it will seek to suggest legal instruments to allow the composition of two ways to undertake an economic activity, one who will take under public law (publicatio); and another that relates to private law (ordenatio); comprising well, assymetric regulation. As an illustration, will be verified the provisional measure (MP) 656/14 - which provided a possible model in which they would have two airport infrastructure offerings - to better exemplify how, legally, can make this organization possible dual delivery, via government (or delegatee), in the form of 'concessão'; and the private sector, according to 'autorização'. / O presente estudo destina-se à análise do modelo de assimetria regulatória, a partir de dois problemas pontuais, quais sejam: os mecanismos necessários para se obter um ambiente assimétrico, bem como a maneira pela qual se deve orquestrar tal modelo, de forma a compatibilizar uma convivência sustentável em uma estrutura híbrida de competição. Observar-se-á a maneira pela qual pode ser promovida a alteração de um ambiente de simetria regulatória para um ambiente de assimetria, resguardando os direitos e obrigações dos prestadores de determinada atividade, inseridos naquela seara. Ademais, buscar-se-á sugerir instrumentos legais para se permitir a composição de dois meios de exploração de determinada atividade econômica, um que se dê segundo o direito público (publicatio); e outro, que se relacione com o direito privado (ordenatio); compreendendo assim, a dita assimetria regulatória. A título ilustrativo, adentrar-se-á na verificação da medida provisória (MP) 656/14 - a qual previa um possível modelo em que se teria duas ofertas de infraestrutura aeroportuária - para melhor exemplificar como, juridicamente, pode-se viabilizar esta disposição de prestação dual, via poder público (ou delegatários), segundo a forma de concessão; e iniciativa privada, segundo a forma de autorização.