Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caroline Angelo da Cruz.pdf: 533959 bytes, checksum: 5b7556b335bb0291d8c0611f6c181886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / This research broaches the question about adolescent s evasion in situations of shelter house, supported by the Winnicott s comprehension about the affective development process. The adolescents who are conduct for the shelter houses are subject to various type of vulnerability, such as poverty, family disorder (many times with psychiatric problems and parents addition in drugs), the exploration and sexual abuse, physics and moral violence, in sum up conjunctures what can describe a lack of support of familiar and social care. The shelter house s situations provide objectives environmental situation better than theirs original environments, however, it s common the evasion and the voluntary return of the adolescents to more precarious environmental situations. The question which we approached was: What are the psycho-affectives dynamics which can clarify the causes of that choice. The evasion situation these shelter houses, is deeply concerned with the completion of antisocial attitudes which leads us to look for in Winnicott also an explanation of this phenomenon. For him (1946b), antisocial attitude derives fundamentally from environmental failures which deprive the individual, in other words remove abruptly something he has (in terms of environmental support), considering the antisocial attitude as a help to led to the environment. In the case of evasions, we consider that Winnicot can explaining the role of environmental support in its early stages of emotional development, to show that situations of deprivation performed by the environment, could become the basis of the attitude of evasion, in other words the evasion occurs because of the need for a very specific holding refers to the tendency antisocial, which is the need to survive the environment to attack made against it. / Esta pesquisa aborda a quest?o da evas?o de adolescentes nas situa??es de abrigo, apoiando-se na compreens?o de Winnicott sobre o processo de desenvolvimento afetivo. Os adolescentes que s?o encaminhados para os abrigos estiveram sujeitos a diversos tipos de vulnerabilidade, tais como a pobreza, a desorganiza??o familiar (por vezes com a presen?a de problemas psiqui?tricos e de drogradi??o nos pais), a explora??o e o abuso sexual, a viol?ncia tanto f?sica como moral, enfim, conjunturas que caracterizam uma falta de sustenta??o e acolhimento familiar e social. As situa??es de abrigo fornecem condi??es ambientais objetivas melhores que as de seus ambientes de origem, no entanto, ? comum a evas?o e o retorno volunt?rio do adolescente a situa??es ambientais mais prec?rias. O questionamento abordado foi o de saber quais s?o as din?micas psicoafetivas que poderiam esclarecer os motivos dessa escolha. A situa??o de evas?o, nesses abrigos, est? profundamente relacionada com a realiza??o de atitudes antissociais, o que nos leva tamb?m a procurar em Winnicott uma explica??o sobre esse fen?meno. Para ele (1946b), a atitude antissocial deriva, fundamentalmente, das falhas ambientais que deprivam o indiv?duo, ou seja, retiram abruptamente algo que ele tem (em termos de suporte ambiental), considerando a atitude antissocial como um SOS dirigido ao ambiente. No caso das evas?es, consideramos que Winnicot pode, explicitando a fun??o da sustenta??o ambiental nas suas fases iniciais do processo de desenvolvimento afetivo mostrar que as situa??es de depriva??o realizadas pelo ambiente, poderiam estar na base da atitude de evas?o; ou seja, a evas?o ocorre devido ? necessidade de um holding referente ? tend?ncia antissocial, que ? da necessidade que o ambiente sobreviva aos ataques efetuados contra ele.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

S'il est de plus en plus évident que le sommeil joue un rôle crucial dans la consolidation de la mémoire, nous ne connaissons toujours pas le rôle exact joué par le sommeil lors de ce processus. L'objectif de ma thèse a été de mieux comprendre les interactions sommeil/mémoire. Pour cela, nous avons choisi d'étudier chez la drosophile l'effet de courtes privations de sommeil sur la consolidation de la mémoire aversive olfactive. Nous avons utilisé un protocole de conditionnement pavlovien qui permet aux drosophiles d'associer une odeur à des chocs électriques. En fonction du conditionnement qui est réalisé, deux types de mémoires consolidées peuvent être formées: la Mémoire Résistante à l'Anesthésie (MRA) et la Mémoire à Long Terme (MLT). Contrairement à la MRA, la MLT dont la formation est dépendante d'une néo synthèse protéique est couteuse en énergie. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que MRA et MLT sont toutes deux affectées par de courtes privation de sommeil, mais qu'elles deviennent insensibles à de telles privations si le test mnésique est réalisé en fin de journée. Ces résultats mettent à jour : i) une interaction fonctionnelle entre les étapes de consolidation et de rappel mnésiques, et ii) l'influence de facteurs circadiens sur la sensibilité de la mémoire aux privations de sommeil. De plus, mes résultats montrent qu'une privation de sommeil ayant lieu juste après le conditionnement exerce un effet bénéfique sur la consolidation de la mémoire. Ce travail met donc en évidence la corrélation complexe qui existe entre le rythme circadien, le sommeil, et les étapes de consolidation et de rappel des mémoires consolidées

Le but de cette étude quantitative est d’analyser l’influence de la consommation télévisuelle (en termes de nombre d’heures) et des stéréotypes âgistes négatifs véhiculés à la télévision sur le bien-être psychologique des aînés. Un sondage par questionnaire a été effectué auprès d’aînés retraités (N = 112). Les résultats obtenus confirment le rôle de la perception négative des gens quant à la représentation des aînés à la télévision comme précurseur des conséquences psychologiques négatives (le sentiment de privation relative, le désengagement social, et la baisse de l’estime de soi). Cependant, le nombre d’heures élevé d’écoute télévisuelle ne semble pas avoir des répercussions négatives sur la manière dont les aînés perçoivent le portrait des gens âgés au petit écran.

Augustine of Hippo argues that all suffering is the result of the punishment of sin. Misinterpretations of his meaning are common since isolated statements taken from his works do give misleading and contradictory impressions. This dissertation assembles a comprehensive account of Augustine’s understanding of the causes of suffering to show that these views are substantive and internally consistent. The argument of the dissertation proceeds by confronting and resolving the apparent problems with Augustine’s views on sin and punishment from within the broader framework of his anthropology and metaphysics. The chief difficulty is that Augustine gives two apparently irreconcilable accounts of suffering as punishment. In the first, suffering is viewed as self-inflicted because sin is inherently self-damaging. In the second, God inflicts suffering in response to sin. This dissertation argues that these views are united by Augustine’s concern with the theme of ‘order.’ The first account, it argues, is actually an expression of Augustine’s doctrine that evil is the privation of good; since good is for Augustine synonymous with order, we can then see why he views all affliction as the concrete experience of disorder brought about by sin. This context in turn allows us to see that, by invoking the notion of divinely inflicted punishment in both its retributive and remedial forms, Augustine wants to show that disorder itself is embraced by order, either because disorder itself must obey laws, or because what is disordered can be reordered. In either case, Augustine’s ideas of punishment may be seen as an expression of his conviction that order in the universe is unassailable. It is hoped that these observations contribute to a greater appreciation not only of Augustine’s theory of punishment, but also of the extent to which the theme of order is fundamental to his thought.

Augustine of Hippo argues that all suffering is the result of the punishment of sin. Misinterpretations of his meaning are common since isolated statements taken from his works do give misleading and contradictory impressions. This dissertation assembles a comprehensive account of Augustine’s understanding of the causes of suffering to show that these views are substantive and internally consistent. The argument of the dissertation proceeds by confronting and resolving the apparent problems with Augustine’s views on sin and punishment from within the broader framework of his anthropology and metaphysics. The chief difficulty is that Augustine gives two apparently irreconcilable accounts of suffering as punishment. In the first, suffering is viewed as self-inflicted because sin is inherently self-damaging. In the second, God inflicts suffering in response to sin. This dissertation argues that these views are united by Augustine’s concern with the theme of ‘order.’ The first account, it argues, is actually an expression of Augustine’s doctrine that evil is the privation of good; since good is for Augustine synonymous with order, we can then see why he views all affliction as the concrete experience of disorder brought about by sin. This context in turn allows us to see that, by invoking the notion of divinely inflicted punishment in both its retributive and remedial forms, Augustine wants to show that disorder itself is embraced by order, either because disorder itself must obey laws, or because what is disordered can be reordered. In either case, Augustine’s ideas of punishment may be seen as an expression of his conviction that order in the universe is unassailable. It is hoped that these observations contribute to a greater appreciation not only of Augustine’s theory of punishment, but also of the extent to which the theme of order is fundamental to his thought.

Le but de cette étude quantitative est d’analyser l’influence de la consommation télévisuelle (en termes de nombre d’heures) et des stéréotypes âgistes négatifs véhiculés à la télévision sur le bien-être psychologique des aînés. Un sondage par questionnaire a été effectué auprès d’aînés retraités (N = 112). Les résultats obtenus confirment le rôle de la perception négative des gens quant à la représentation des aînés à la télévision comme précurseur des conséquences psychologiques négatives (le sentiment de privation relative, le désengagement social, et la baisse de l’estime de soi). Cependant, le nombre d’heures élevé d’écoute télévisuelle ne semble pas avoir des répercussions négatives sur la manière dont les aînés perçoivent le portrait des gens âgés au petit écran.