Master of Science / Food Science Institute - Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health / Weiqun Wang / Sorghum is a staple crop consumed in certain regions of Africa and Asia, where vitamin A deficiency is prevalent. However, the correlation of sorghum intake and vitamin A deficiency is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the carotenoids and pro-vitamin A in the selected sorghum accessions with various pericarp pigments by using LC-MS. Among of total five carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) that were identified and quantitated, three (α-carotene, β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin) are precursors of vitamin A. The highest content of total carotenoids was detected in the sorghum accessions with yellow pericarp (PI656096, PI585374, PI563448, PI585351), while the highest β-carotene content was found in the accessions with brown or yellow pericarp (PI655996, PI656096, PI585374, PI563448, PI585351). The lowest carotenoids were found in the accessions with white pericarp (PI533943, PI656112, PI565121, PI560493). The pro-vitamin A was 584.9 ± 38.9 ng/g DW in yellow pericarp, 250.6 ± 28.9 ng/g DW in brown pericarp, and 89.0 ± 12.3 ng/g DW in white pericarp, respectively. It appeared the phenotypic diversity of sorghum pericarp colors was strongly associated with the contents of carotenoids and pro-vitamin A, indicating a different impact of various sorghum varieties on vitamin A deficiency and suggesting a possible prevention of vitamin A deficiency by breeding certain sorghum varieties with pericarp pigments.

Submitted by ALINE GOMES DE MOURA E SILVA null (aline.gms@gmail.com) on 2016-03-11T13:44:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL CORRIGIDA.pdf: 1163303 bytes, checksum: a526bf08995bae194a0b248c489531cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-14T18:09:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_agm_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1163303 bytes, checksum: a526bf08995bae194a0b248c489531cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T18:09:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_agm_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1163303 bytes, checksum: a526bf08995bae194a0b248c489531cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / O sistema de cultivo em aleias é uma forma de agricultura sustentável que melhora a qualidade do solo do trópico úmido. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do sistema de cultivo em aleias na produtividade e na qualidade nutricional das culturas biofortificadas de milho e mandioca. O milho QPM (Quality Protein Maize) BR 473 foi cultivado em Chapadinha (MA). Foram utilizadas as combinações de leguminosas: GA (Gliricídia + Acácia), GS (Gliricídia + Sombreiro), LA (Leucena + Acácia), LS (Leucena + Sombreiro) e sem leguminosas (SL), com ou sem adição de 80-80 kg/ha de cloreto de potássio e ureia. As análises realizadas foram: massa de 100 grãos, número de grãos/espiga, massa da espiga, produtividade de grãos, composição centesimal, carotenoides totais, teores de minerais, perfil de ácidos graxos e de tocoferóis. O plantio com resíduos de leguminosas e a adição de cloreto de potássio e ureia aumentaram a produtividade do milho. Com relação à proteína, a ureia teve maior influência que os resíduos de leguminosas. As combinações sem adubação com ureia e cloreto de potássio obtiveram os maiores teores de tocoferóis. O plantio da mandioca BRS Dourada foi realizado em São Luís (MA). Foram utilizadas as combinações de leguminosas: GA (Gliricídia + Acácia), GS (Gliricídia + Sombreiro), GL (Gliricídia + Leucena), LA (Leucena + Acácia), LS (Leucena + Sombreiro) e sem leguminosas (SL), com ou sem adição de 100 kg/ha de ureia. As análises realizadas foram: produtividade de parte aérea, número de raízes por pé, massa de raiz, produtividade de raízes, composição centesimal, teor de amido, minerais, tempo de cocção, perfil de carotenoides e teor de pró- vitamina A. A produtividade foi maior em GL. A adição de ureia ao solo aumentou os teores de proteína e amido. Para a pró-vitamina A, GS com ureia se destacou com 12,4 RAE (Equivalente de atividade retinol) /100 g. A escolha da combinação de leguminosas está relacionada à cultura a ser plantada e ao atributo de qualidade desejado. O sistema de cultivo em aleias foi capaz de aumentar a produção de milho e de mandioca biofortificados e influenciar diferentemente cada nutriente. / No-tillage alley cropping is a form of sustainable agriculture that improves soil quality of the humid tropics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the alley cropping system in the productivity and nutritional quality of biofortified maize and cassava. The highquality protein maize (QPM) BR 473 was grown in Chapadinha (MA). The combinations of legumes were: GA (Gliricidia + Acacia), GS (Gliricidia + Sombreiro), LA (Leucena + Acacia), LS (Leucena + Sombreiro) and the bare soil, with or without addition of 80-80 kg/ha of potassium chloride and urea. The analysis were: 100-grain weight (g), grain/ear, weight of ear, grain yield, proximate composition, mineral content, carotenoids, fatty acid profile and tocopherols. The planting with legume residues and addition of potassium chloride and urea increased corn yield. Regarding protein, urea had greater influence than residues. The combinations of trees without fertilization with urea and potassium chloride had the highest levels of tocopherols. The BRS Dourada cassava was grown in São Luís (MA). The combinations of legumes were: GA (Gliricidia + Acacia), GS (Gliricidia + Sombreiro), LA (Leucena + Acacia), LS (Leucena + Sombreiro), GL (Gliricidia + Leucena) and the bare soil, with or without addition of 100 kg/ha of urea. The analysis were: shoot production, number of roots/plant, root weight, root production, proximate composition, starch, minerals, cooking time, carotenoids profile and pro-vitamin A contents. The yield was greater in GL. The addition of urea to the soil increased the protein and starch contents. For pro-vitamin A, the GS with ureia stood out with 12.4 RAE (Retinol Activity Equivalent) /100 g. The choice of combination of pulses is related to the crop to be planted and the desired quality attribute. The cropping system in alleys was able to increase the production of corn and biofortified cassava and to influence differently each nutrient.