The Master's Thesis deals with activating teaching methods and their application as a suitable tool for higher efficiency of education of economic subjects. There are mentioned main advantages of application of these methods in the education process. The analytical part is concerned with the results of the survey among students and teachers of a particular business academy. The aim of this survey was to find out to what extent the activation of students in the subject "Economy" is emphasized. The survey includes comparison of efficiency of traditional frontal education and education performed with use of activating teaching methods. Recommendations for improvement of education of subject "Economy" are stated in the conclusion.

Flera forskare har kommit fram till att problembaserad undervisning kan hjälpa elever att utveckla förståelse för matematik (Behlol, Rafaqat & Hifsa, 2018; Karlsson Wirebring et al., 2015; Wheatley, 1992). Syftet med denna studie är därför att belysa hur matematiklärare beskriver att de arbetar med en problembaserad undervisning. För att besvara syftet har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med fem matematiklärare i årskurs 4–6.  Resultatet är uppdelat i teman som framkom i analysen av insamlad data. I resultatet framkommer det att problembaserad undervisning handlar om att ställa eleverna inför ett problem. Eleverna ska försöka lösa problemet med hjälp av lärarens vägledning. Problembaserad undervisning kräver mycket tid av läraren i början innan eleverna och läraren känner sig bekväma med arbetssättet. Elevers olika kunskapsnivåer blir ett bra samspel i klassrummet. Elevernas lärande kommer fram på ett tydligt sätt och ligger till grund för lärarens fortsatta planering. / Several researchers have reached the conclusion that problem-based teaching can help students to gain a better understanding of mathematics (Behlol, Rafaqat & Hifsa, 2018; Karlsson Wirebring et al., 2015; Wheatley, 1992). The purpose of this study is therefore to shed light on how mathematics teachers describe that they work with a problem-based teaching. In order to achieve this purpose, qualitative interviews were conducted with five mathematics teachers in grades 4-6. The results are divided into themes that emerged in the analysis of collected data. The results show that problem-based teaching is about confronting students with a problem. In problem-based teaching students are encouraged to solve the problem with the help of the teacher's guidance. Problem-based teaching requires a lot of time from the teacher in the beginning before the students and the teacher feel comfortable with this way of working. Teachers argue that students' different levels of knowledge form the basis of interaction in the classroom. The students' learning emerges in a clear way and forms the basis for the teacher's continued planning.

Title: How to teach philosophy at secondary schools? A contribution to the didactics of philosophy Author: Mgr. Petra Šebešová Abstract: The thesis presents a first attempt to propose a complete didactic conception of philosophy education at secondary schools in the Czech Republic. The author thus responds to the unsatisfactory correspondence between the key competences and the content of the teaching subject area called Civics and the introduction to social sciences as they are defined in the Czech curricular documents for secondary schools, as well as she responds to the lack of Czech literature concerning the didactics of philosophy. The development of students'philosophical thinking is taken as the main teaching aim of the presented conception. This claim is supported by arguments based on the specific nature of philosophy and on literature on didactics of philosophy from abroad. Philosophical thinking is for teaching purposes divided into the following philosophical competencies: text understanding and interpretation, text writing, discussion, work with concepts, argumentation, problem solving, reflection (including critical examination and evaluation), responsible decision-making and action. These competencies are elaborated into partial skills enabling their gradual training. Means recommended for...

This dissertation thesis deals with a comparison of teaching of economic subjects at secondary special schools of economics in the Czech republic nad Germany. The thesis focuses on a different usage of conceptions and organizational forms of teaching that undoubtedly have a great impact on a teaching process. I also investigate other parameters such as the contentual aspect of education, didactic principles or the usage of didactic technics during the teaching process. It is a teacher, above all, who impacts the instruction by making a choice between traditional and problem-based teaching, and therefore fundamentally affects the teaching process, the extent to which students are involved in their lessons, as well as students' activity and motivation. The goal of my thesis is to compare teaching of economic subjects in the Czech Republic and Germany. The comparison is focused on an affirmation of differentiated instruction, on its impact on different levels of activity and motivation of students and the extent to which students are involved in their lessons. I would also like to refer to the fact that using of the problem-based teaching method leads to an assurance of meeting requested results grounded in crucial and professional competences of general educational programmes. To compare the types of teaching processes I have chosen to use a direct observation method that I have realised by making inspections of classes at business colleges, economic lyceums in the Czech Republic and at business grammar schools in two Federal Republics.