O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar o Procad, desde a sua criação, em 2000, até o lançamento da última edição, ocorrida em 2013, refletindo em que medida foram alcançados seus objetivos de promoção da melhoria da qualidade dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, por meio do estímulo à formação de redes cooperativas. Apesar de o Programa ter mais de 15 anos de existência e o Plano Nacional de Pós-Graduação – PNPG 2011-2020 ter recomendado sua continuidade, ele não conta ainda com um processo permanente de avaliação. A metodologia proposta caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório e descritivo, quanto a sua natureza e utilizou tanto a abordagem qualitativa, quanto a quantitativa, levando em consideração a complementaridade de tais abordagens (MINAYO, 2012). Os dados qualitativos foram estudados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, de acordo com Bardin (2011). Com relação aos meios, foram elaborados dois instrumentos de consulta, que foram enviados, por correio eletrônico, aos coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad e aos avaliadores dos referidos projetos. O primeiro instrumento objetivou à avaliação do Programa sob o ponto de vista de seus executores e o segundo teve o propósito de avaliar o Procad sob o ponto de vista de seus avaliadores. Além disso, foram tratados os resultados da análise dos pareceres emitidos pelos avaliadores de projetos Procad, por ocasião da avaliação intermediária. Os resultados obtidos nesta tese estão sendo apresentados em dois artigos e um manuscrito. No primeiro artigo foi abordado o levantamento das respostas obtidas por meio do questionário enviado aos 603 coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad das Edições de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à pesquisa 236 coordenadores. Verificou-se que 79% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tinha alcançado os principais objetivos que nortearam a sua criação. Apesar disso, esses coordenadores apontaram dois aspectos que merecem maior atenção por parte da Capes: a superestimação de metas por parte dos beneficiários de projetos e a morosidade da Capes na divulgação dos resultados da análise das prestações de contas. No segundo artigo, os dados apresentados expressaram as respostas dos avaliadores de projetos, integrantes das comissões avaliativas relativas às edições Procad, lançadas no período de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à consulta 100% dos avaliadores consultados, o que demonstrou o reconhecimento, por parte desses respondentes, da importância de tal política pública. Observou-se que 91% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tem atingido os principais objetivos que orientaram a sua criação. Entretanto, indicaram a necessidade de rever os prazos de duração das missões de estudo e de instituir um processo de acompanhamento e avaliação do Programa. No manuscrito foram apresentados os dados relativos à análise dos 706 pareceres emitidos pelos consultores que participaram de processos avaliativos intermediários do Procad, correspondentes às edições de 2000 a 2009. Desse total, 646 (91,5%) foram favoráveis à renovação dos projetos e 60 (8,5%) foram desfavoráveis à renovação do apoio concedido pela Capes, demonstrando que a maior parte dos projetos teve sucesso no desenvolvimento das atividades propostas para os dois primeiros anos de execução. Observaram, entretanto, que houve a implementação de uma quantidade maior de missões de trabalho em relação às missões de estudo. Sugeriram a flexibilização da duração das missões de estudo para estimular a ampliação dessas missões. Com base na pesquisa realizada, verificou-se que é preciso instituir um processo sistemático de acompanhamento e avaliação do Procad e de outras ações e linhas de apoio da Capes, aumentando a eficiência dessas políticas e a transparência na execução dos gastos públicos. São propostos, também, outros possíveis caminhos para o aperfeiçoamento do Programa. / The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the Procad since its creation in 2000 until the release of the latest edition in 2013, reflecting on in its objectives for promoting quality improvement of graduate programs, through the incentive of formation of cooperative networks. Although the program has over 15 years of existence and the National Graduate Plan - PNPG 2011-2020 PNPG have recommended its continuation, he still has not a permanent process of evaluation. The proposed methodology is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study, as its nature and used both qualitative approach, as the quantitative nature taking into account the complementarity of these approaches (MINAYO, 2012). Qualitative information was studied through content analysis, according to Bardin (2011). It was developed two research instruments which were sent by e-mail, the projects general coordinators of Procad and evaluators of these projects. The first instrument aimed to assess the program from the point of view of its managers and the second aimed to evaluate the Procad from the point of view of their evaluators. In addition, were analyzed the opinions issued by the projects evaluators of Procad, at the intermediate evaluation. The results obtained in this thesis are presented in two articles and a manuscript. In the first article was approached the survey responses obtained through the questionnaire sent to 603 project general coordinators of Procad of 2005 to 2009. 236 project coordinators answered the research. It was found that 79% of respondents consider that the Procad has achieved the main objectives. Nevertheless, these coordinators considered that two aspects deserve more attention from the Capes: the establishment of goals too optimistic by the project beneficiaries and the delay of Capes in disseminating the analysis results of accountability. In the second article, the data presented express the responses of project evaluators, members of evaluation committees concerning Procad editions, released from 2005 to 2009. The questionnaire was responded to 100% of project evaluators consulted, which demonstrated the recognition by these respondents the importance of such public policy. It was observed that 91% of respondents considered that the Procad have achieved the main objectives. However, they pointed out the need to review the long periods of study missions and the need to create the monitoring and evaluation of Procad. In the manuscript were presented data on the analysis of 706 opinions issued by the consultants who participated in the intermediate Procad evaluation processes, corresponding to the 2000 editions to 2009. Of this total, 646 (91.5%) were favorable to renovation projects and 60 (8.5%) were unfavorable to the renewal of support by Capes, showing that most of the projects had success in the development of the proposed activities for the first two years of implementation. They observed, however, that there was an implementation of an increased amount of work missions in relation to the study missions. They suggested that the duration of study missions might be more flexible to encourage the expansion of such missions. Based on this research, it was found that it is necessary to establish a systematic process for monitoring and evaluation of Procad and other actions and support lines Capes, increasing the efficiency of these policies and transparency in the execution of public spending. Proposed are also other possible ways to improve the program.

Objectives: To compare fracture strength and fatigue resistance of ceramic (ProCAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent)(C) and resin composite (Paradigm MZ100, 3M/ ESPE)(R) crowns made with CEREC-3D. Methods: A prepared ivorine molar tooth was duplicated to produce 40 identical prepared specimens made of epoxy resin (Viade). Twenty (C) crowns and 20 (R) were cemented to their dies using resin cement. Ten of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture. The remaining 10 of each group were subjected to mechanical cyclic loading for 500,000 cycles. The survivors were subjected to compressive loading to fracture. Results: No significant difference in mean fracture load was found between the two materials. However, only 30% of the (C) crowns vs. 100% of the (R) crowns survived the cyclic loading test. Conclusions: (R) crowns demonstrated higher fatigue Resistance than (C) crowns in-vitro and might better resist cracking in-vivo.

Objectives: To compare fracture strength and fatigue resistance of ceramic (ProCAD, Ivoclar-Vivadent)(C) and resin composite (Paradigm MZ100, 3M/ ESPE)(R) crowns made with CEREC-3D. Methods: A prepared ivorine molar tooth was duplicated to produce 40 identical prepared specimens made of epoxy resin (Viade). Twenty (C) crowns and 20 (R) were cemented to their dies using resin cement. Ten of each group were subjected to compressive loading to fracture. The remaining 10 of each group were subjected to mechanical cyclic loading for 500,000 cycles. The survivors were subjected to compressive loading to fracture. Results: No significant difference in mean fracture load was found between the two materials. However, only 30% of the (C) crowns vs. 100% of the (R) crowns survived the cyclic loading test. Conclusions: (R) crowns demonstrated higher fatigue Resistance than (C) crowns in-vitro and might better resist cracking in-vivo.

O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar o Procad, desde a sua criação, em 2000, até o lançamento da última edição, ocorrida em 2013, refletindo em que medida foram alcançados seus objetivos de promoção da melhoria da qualidade dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, por meio do estímulo à formação de redes cooperativas. Apesar de o Programa ter mais de 15 anos de existência e o Plano Nacional de Pós-Graduação – PNPG 2011-2020 ter recomendado sua continuidade, ele não conta ainda com um processo permanente de avaliação. A metodologia proposta caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório e descritivo, quanto a sua natureza e utilizou tanto a abordagem qualitativa, quanto a quantitativa, levando em consideração a complementaridade de tais abordagens (MINAYO, 2012). Os dados qualitativos foram estudados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, de acordo com Bardin (2011). Com relação aos meios, foram elaborados dois instrumentos de consulta, que foram enviados, por correio eletrônico, aos coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad e aos avaliadores dos referidos projetos. O primeiro instrumento objetivou à avaliação do Programa sob o ponto de vista de seus executores e o segundo teve o propósito de avaliar o Procad sob o ponto de vista de seus avaliadores. Além disso, foram tratados os resultados da análise dos pareceres emitidos pelos avaliadores de projetos Procad, por ocasião da avaliação intermediária. Os resultados obtidos nesta tese estão sendo apresentados em dois artigos e um manuscrito. No primeiro artigo foi abordado o levantamento das respostas obtidas por meio do questionário enviado aos 603 coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad das Edições de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à pesquisa 236 coordenadores. Verificou-se que 79% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tinha alcançado os principais objetivos que nortearam a sua criação. Apesar disso, esses coordenadores apontaram dois aspectos que merecem maior atenção por parte da Capes: a superestimação de metas por parte dos beneficiários de projetos e a morosidade da Capes na divulgação dos resultados da análise das prestações de contas. No segundo artigo, os dados apresentados expressaram as respostas dos avaliadores de projetos, integrantes das comissões avaliativas relativas às edições Procad, lançadas no período de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à consulta 100% dos avaliadores consultados, o que demonstrou o reconhecimento, por parte desses respondentes, da importância de tal política pública. Observou-se que 91% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tem atingido os principais objetivos que orientaram a sua criação. Entretanto, indicaram a necessidade de rever os prazos de duração das missões de estudo e de instituir um processo de acompanhamento e avaliação do Programa. No manuscrito foram apresentados os dados relativos à análise dos 706 pareceres emitidos pelos consultores que participaram de processos avaliativos intermediários do Procad, correspondentes às edições de 2000 a 2009. Desse total, 646 (91,5%) foram favoráveis à renovação dos projetos e 60 (8,5%) foram desfavoráveis à renovação do apoio concedido pela Capes, demonstrando que a maior parte dos projetos teve sucesso no desenvolvimento das atividades propostas para os dois primeiros anos de execução. Observaram, entretanto, que houve a implementação de uma quantidade maior de missões de trabalho em relação às missões de estudo. Sugeriram a flexibilização da duração das missões de estudo para estimular a ampliação dessas missões. Com base na pesquisa realizada, verificou-se que é preciso instituir um processo sistemático de acompanhamento e avaliação do Procad e de outras ações e linhas de apoio da Capes, aumentando a eficiência dessas políticas e a transparência na execução dos gastos públicos. São propostos, também, outros possíveis caminhos para o aperfeiçoamento do Programa. / The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the Procad since its creation in 2000 until the release of the latest edition in 2013, reflecting on in its objectives for promoting quality improvement of graduate programs, through the incentive of formation of cooperative networks. Although the program has over 15 years of existence and the National Graduate Plan - PNPG 2011-2020 PNPG have recommended its continuation, he still has not a permanent process of evaluation. The proposed methodology is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study, as its nature and used both qualitative approach, as the quantitative nature taking into account the complementarity of these approaches (MINAYO, 2012). Qualitative information was studied through content analysis, according to Bardin (2011). It was developed two research instruments which were sent by e-mail, the projects general coordinators of Procad and evaluators of these projects. The first instrument aimed to assess the program from the point of view of its managers and the second aimed to evaluate the Procad from the point of view of their evaluators. In addition, were analyzed the opinions issued by the projects evaluators of Procad, at the intermediate evaluation. The results obtained in this thesis are presented in two articles and a manuscript. In the first article was approached the survey responses obtained through the questionnaire sent to 603 project general coordinators of Procad of 2005 to 2009. 236 project coordinators answered the research. It was found that 79% of respondents consider that the Procad has achieved the main objectives. Nevertheless, these coordinators considered that two aspects deserve more attention from the Capes: the establishment of goals too optimistic by the project beneficiaries and the delay of Capes in disseminating the analysis results of accountability. In the second article, the data presented express the responses of project evaluators, members of evaluation committees concerning Procad editions, released from 2005 to 2009. The questionnaire was responded to 100% of project evaluators consulted, which demonstrated the recognition by these respondents the importance of such public policy. It was observed that 91% of respondents considered that the Procad have achieved the main objectives. However, they pointed out the need to review the long periods of study missions and the need to create the monitoring and evaluation of Procad. In the manuscript were presented data on the analysis of 706 opinions issued by the consultants who participated in the intermediate Procad evaluation processes, corresponding to the 2000 editions to 2009. Of this total, 646 (91.5%) were favorable to renovation projects and 60 (8.5%) were unfavorable to the renewal of support by Capes, showing that most of the projects had success in the development of the proposed activities for the first two years of implementation. They observed, however, that there was an implementation of an increased amount of work missions in relation to the study missions. They suggested that the duration of study missions might be more flexible to encourage the expansion of such missions. Based on this research, it was found that it is necessary to establish a systematic process for monitoring and evaluation of Procad and other actions and support lines Capes, increasing the efficiency of these policies and transparency in the execution of public spending. Proposed are also other possible ways to improve the program.

O objetivo geral desta tese foi avaliar o Procad, desde a sua criação, em 2000, até o lançamento da última edição, ocorrida em 2013, refletindo em que medida foram alcançados seus objetivos de promoção da melhoria da qualidade dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu, por meio do estímulo à formação de redes cooperativas. Apesar de o Programa ter mais de 15 anos de existência e o Plano Nacional de Pós-Graduação – PNPG 2011-2020 ter recomendado sua continuidade, ele não conta ainda com um processo permanente de avaliação. A metodologia proposta caracteriza-se como um estudo exploratório e descritivo, quanto a sua natureza e utilizou tanto a abordagem qualitativa, quanto a quantitativa, levando em consideração a complementaridade de tais abordagens (MINAYO, 2012). Os dados qualitativos foram estudados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo, de acordo com Bardin (2011). Com relação aos meios, foram elaborados dois instrumentos de consulta, que foram enviados, por correio eletrônico, aos coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad e aos avaliadores dos referidos projetos. O primeiro instrumento objetivou à avaliação do Programa sob o ponto de vista de seus executores e o segundo teve o propósito de avaliar o Procad sob o ponto de vista de seus avaliadores. Além disso, foram tratados os resultados da análise dos pareceres emitidos pelos avaliadores de projetos Procad, por ocasião da avaliação intermediária. Os resultados obtidos nesta tese estão sendo apresentados em dois artigos e um manuscrito. No primeiro artigo foi abordado o levantamento das respostas obtidas por meio do questionário enviado aos 603 coordenadores gerais dos projetos Procad das Edições de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à pesquisa 236 coordenadores. Verificou-se que 79% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tinha alcançado os principais objetivos que nortearam a sua criação. Apesar disso, esses coordenadores apontaram dois aspectos que merecem maior atenção por parte da Capes: a superestimação de metas por parte dos beneficiários de projetos e a morosidade da Capes na divulgação dos resultados da análise das prestações de contas. No segundo artigo, os dados apresentados expressaram as respostas dos avaliadores de projetos, integrantes das comissões avaliativas relativas às edições Procad, lançadas no período de 2005 a 2009. Responderam à consulta 100% dos avaliadores consultados, o que demonstrou o reconhecimento, por parte desses respondentes, da importância de tal política pública. Observou-se que 91% dos respondentes consideraram que o Procad tem atingido os principais objetivos que orientaram a sua criação. Entretanto, indicaram a necessidade de rever os prazos de duração das missões de estudo e de instituir um processo de acompanhamento e avaliação do Programa. No manuscrito foram apresentados os dados relativos à análise dos 706 pareceres emitidos pelos consultores que participaram de processos avaliativos intermediários do Procad, correspondentes às edições de 2000 a 2009. Desse total, 646 (91,5%) foram favoráveis à renovação dos projetos e 60 (8,5%) foram desfavoráveis à renovação do apoio concedido pela Capes, demonstrando que a maior parte dos projetos teve sucesso no desenvolvimento das atividades propostas para os dois primeiros anos de execução. Observaram, entretanto, que houve a implementação de uma quantidade maior de missões de trabalho em relação às missões de estudo. Sugeriram a flexibilização da duração das missões de estudo para estimular a ampliação dessas missões. Com base na pesquisa realizada, verificou-se que é preciso instituir um processo sistemático de acompanhamento e avaliação do Procad e de outras ações e linhas de apoio da Capes, aumentando a eficiência dessas políticas e a transparência na execução dos gastos públicos. São propostos, também, outros possíveis caminhos para o aperfeiçoamento do Programa. / The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the Procad since its creation in 2000 until the release of the latest edition in 2013, reflecting on in its objectives for promoting quality improvement of graduate programs, through the incentive of formation of cooperative networks. Although the program has over 15 years of existence and the National Graduate Plan - PNPG 2011-2020 PNPG have recommended its continuation, he still has not a permanent process of evaluation. The proposed methodology is characterized as an exploratory and descriptive study, as its nature and used both qualitative approach, as the quantitative nature taking into account the complementarity of these approaches (MINAYO, 2012). Qualitative information was studied through content analysis, according to Bardin (2011). It was developed two research instruments which were sent by e-mail, the projects general coordinators of Procad and evaluators of these projects. The first instrument aimed to assess the program from the point of view of its managers and the second aimed to evaluate the Procad from the point of view of their evaluators. In addition, were analyzed the opinions issued by the projects evaluators of Procad, at the intermediate evaluation. The results obtained in this thesis are presented in two articles and a manuscript. In the first article was approached the survey responses obtained through the questionnaire sent to 603 project general coordinators of Procad of 2005 to 2009. 236 project coordinators answered the research. It was found that 79% of respondents consider that the Procad has achieved the main objectives. Nevertheless, these coordinators considered that two aspects deserve more attention from the Capes: the establishment of goals too optimistic by the project beneficiaries and the delay of Capes in disseminating the analysis results of accountability. In the second article, the data presented express the responses of project evaluators, members of evaluation committees concerning Procad editions, released from 2005 to 2009. The questionnaire was responded to 100% of project evaluators consulted, which demonstrated the recognition by these respondents the importance of such public policy. It was observed that 91% of respondents considered that the Procad have achieved the main objectives. However, they pointed out the need to review the long periods of study missions and the need to create the monitoring and evaluation of Procad. In the manuscript were presented data on the analysis of 706 opinions issued by the consultants who participated in the intermediate Procad evaluation processes, corresponding to the 2000 editions to 2009. Of this total, 646 (91.5%) were favorable to renovation projects and 60 (8.5%) were unfavorable to the renewal of support by Capes, showing that most of the projects had success in the development of the proposed activities for the first two years of implementation. They observed, however, that there was an implementation of an increased amount of work missions in relation to the study missions. They suggested that the duration of study missions might be more flexible to encourage the expansion of such missions. Based on this research, it was found that it is necessary to establish a systematic process for monitoring and evaluation of Procad and other actions and support lines Capes, increasing the efficiency of these policies and transparency in the execution of public spending. Proposed are also other possible ways to improve the program.

In this study we looked into an existing textile baby stroller seat and investigated whether there can be any advantage in changing the material to a spacer fabric from perspectives such as functionality, comfort, and sustainability. The subject of 3D knitting, and advanced knitting is being researched more and more because of its versatility in producing and changing parameters of knitted high quality products, but there is a lack of studies done on comfort for children when it comes to knitted spacer fabrics and not many studies have been done on spacer fabrics used for baby seats in strollers or other types of seats for children. A reason for further development and research in the area of 3D knitting is that it could be giving products a better appearance, functionality or potential for more sustainable pro-duction which could lead to better possibilities of producing more attractive advanced textile products. This could in turn make the producer more attractive among customers as well as stand out more amongst competitors on the market. Recently there has been attention on the use of warp knitted spacer fabrics in the application of cushioning to protect against impact. Thermoregulation, compression, air permeability and good energy absorption are some characteristics of spacer fabrics which are being further investigated in this study (Gokarneshan 2015). Another reason for further investigation of spacer fabrics, and their good cushioning properties, in child products is that it was shown in a previous study that children who are transported in carriers for bicycles are exposed to more vibration compared to children who are transported in automotive rides (Rothhamel 2023). A reason for examining the possibilities of replacing polyurethane foam with spacer fabric is that PU foams generally have lower air permeability in com-bination with higher heat resistance which can lead to problems regarding comfort. (Gokarneshan 2015). Testing of different spacer fabric samples was carried out based on air permeability, burst strength, and moisture management. These tests were then evaluated to determine the optimal parameters of a spacer fabric for increased comfort and functionality in an outdoor child product. Other tests that were carried out were specific tests for child products such bite test, finger probe test, and pulling test to examine the safety of each sample. We concluded that the optimal spacer fabric should be constructed of polyester rather than cotton to have as good wicking properties as possible. The fabric should have one side of the spacer fabric that does not consist of mesh so that the requirements from the finger probe test will be fulfilled. The other side of the spacer fabric should be constructed of a mesh structure to ensure good properties of air permeability. The holes should, however, not be too big since this might be less comfortable against the skin. The mesh structure recommended for this purpose is a hexagonal mesh which results in both good permeability of both water and air flow. The fabric should also be constructed with a multifilament for the spacer yarn for safety reasons.