This dissertation considers the issue of the injured party and his protection in criminal proceedings. The aim of the paper is not only to provide a comprehensive summary of the position of the injured party in criminal proceedings, but to make reference to shortcomings in the existing legal regulation of this institute and propose changes for the future. The methods used in the paper are primarily interpretative, analytical-synthetic and comparative. The author made use of information ascertained by studying primary and secondary sources. The paper is divided into four main chapters, in addition to the introduction and conclusion, and these are themselves divided into sub-chapters. The first chapter looks at defining certain fundamental terms directly linked to the issue of the injured party and his protection in criminal proceedings. Here we find an explanation of the term "the injured party" itself, both at a general level and in terms of individual specifics, and the separation of injured parties into two groups. This chapter also includes a definition of the term victim and of ancillary proceedings. The chapter that follows concentrates on the procedural rights of the injured party, first considering the procedural rights pertaining to all injured parties and subsequently the procedural rights...

The injured party in criminal procedure and his/her protection The purpose of my thesis is to analyse position of the injured party and his/her rights in Czech criminal procedure and to highlight changes which will be brought to rights of injured party by The Victim of Crime Act. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the historical evolution of legal regulation of the injured party position in criminal procedure in the territory of the current Czech Republic. Next chapter is concerned with the term "injured party" in the current legal regulation. This part of thesis is especially focused on the need to differentiate between the terms "the injured party" and "victim of crime". The third chapter contains a crucial part of my thesis - it deals with the injured party position in criminal procedure and his/her rights. The chapter is composed of six subchapters. The first subchapter addresses the issue of general interpretation of procedural position of injured party in the Czech Criminal Procedure Code. Next subchapter shifts the focus to two categories of injured parties in criminal proceedings (the first category is the party of adhesion procedure with special rights, the other one is not). The third subchapter describes the procedural rights which are granted...

This dissertation analyses whether the rights of indigenous people are being recognised, respected and upheld when the state awards prospecting and mining rights on land owned and lawfully occupied by indigenous people in South Africa. This analysis is based on the fact that most prospecting and mining rights in South Africa are awarded on or around communal lands where rural communities and, in some instances, indigenous people reside. Through the Constitution, the NEMA, the MPRDA and other environmental sector-specific legislation examples, it is established that the state tends to prioritise economic development that alienates indigenous peoples' right to live in a healthy and safe environment as a result of the on-going mining operations. A sustainable approach which appreciates the balance between economic, social and environmental sustainability is proposed as a means and step towards realisation of South Africa's mineral wealth, the right of communities to live in a healthy environment and community, as well as prior consultation when prospecting and mining rights are awarded on communal lands. The approach of the Bengwenyama-ye-Maswati Constitutional Court decision pertaining to the rights of local communities and indigenous people when mining takes place in South Africa is adopted to link the three sustainability pillars to the realisation of the rights of these local communities. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation analyses whether the rights of indigenous people are being recognised, respected and upheld when the state awards prospecting and mining rights on land owned and lawfully occupied by indigenous people in South Africa. This analysis is based on the fact that most prospecting and mining rights in South Africa are awarded on or around communal lands where rural communities and, in some instances, indigenous people reside. Through the Constitution, the NEMA, the MPRDA and other environmental sector-specific legislation examples, it is established that the state tends to prioritise economic development that alienates indigenous peoples' right to live in a healthy and safe environment as a result of the on-going mining operations. A sustainable approach which appreciates the balance between economic, social and environmental sustainability is proposed as a means and step towards realisation of South Africa's mineral wealth, the right of communities to live in a healthy environment and community, as well as prior consultation when prospecting and mining rights are awarded on communal lands. The approach of the Bengwenyama-ye-Maswati Constitutional Court decision pertaining to the rights of local communities and indigenous people when mining takes place in South Africa is adopted to link the three sustainability pillars to the realisation of the rights of these local communities. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The injured party and his/her protection in criminal proceedings The presented thesis deals with the protection of an injured party in criminal proceedings as a whole, in particular with regard to his/her position as a party in the criminal proceedings, and to his/her procedural rights in accordance with the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The aim of this thesis is complex analysis of the position of an injured party in the Czech legal order with focus on differentiation of the concept an injured party (as the party of criminal process) and the concept a victim of an offence, as a person whose rights were violated in certain manner. The thesis is composed of five main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspect of the injured party involvement in criminal procedure. The first chapter contains thorough analysis of the concept an injured party, as is defined in the provision of Section 43 of the Rules of Criminal Procedure. At the same time, there is incorporated the analysis of limitation or exclusion of participation of an injured in criminal proceedings. Thereafter, the conclusion of this chapter is dedicated to the mentioned differentiation of the concepts an injured and a victim, in particular in the light of the new law on victims of crime. In the second chapter the author addresses...

This diploma thesis deals with basic procedural rights of parties to administrative procedure. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and evaluate their current legal regulation particularly contained in the Act No. 500/2004 Coll., administrative code, as amended. The thesis is divided into an introductory chapter, five chapters and a conclusion. The aim of the introductory chapter is to introduce a reader to the issue of fair trial and basic procedural rights of parties to Czech administrative procedure. The first chapter deals with definiton of basic terms related to administrative procedure. The second chapter focuses on more detailed explanation of participation of parties to administrative procedure. The aim of the third chapter is to summarize different approaches towards the concept of fair trial and to bring a list of analyzed basic procedural rights of parties to administrative procedure. The fourth chapter deals individually with each of the fourteen analyzed basic procedural rights. The fifth chapter concentrates on the application of basic procedural rights incorporated in administrative code to special administrative proceedings, which is demonstrated on the case of two proceedings regulated by the Act No. 111/1998 Coll., as amended. The conclusion evaluates the statutory regulation of...

There are two main thesis to the work "A Company as the injured party in criminal procedure": (i) civil law recodification, in the context of company actions or actions made on behalf of a company, represents a positive change for the injured party when submitting a proposition for the court to impose a duty to compensate the damage in its sentencing judgment and as well determinates a limitation period, (ii) the process of assigning or withdrawing a status of the injured party is not described accordingly in the contemporary procedure act, especially regarding the exact form needed for this decision. These issues are closely tied to the types of damage applicable in a criminal procedure, injured party categories and to the details of submitting the compensation duty motion. A comparison of different company actions before and after recodification implies that there is a possibility of approbating the juridicial act of legal proceedings of a company that are invalid due to the company's procedure errors. Determining a limitation period by the day of the original motion stays unimpaired. Repeating the legal procedure and putting the limitation period to the day after its valid execution was necessary with the latest legal version. The second thesis was verified as well by exploiting contemporary...

The subject of this diploma thesis is the protection of an injured party in criminal proceedings. Throughout the thesis author analyzes the relevant laws, specialized legal literature and case laws. When there is a debate amongst the professional public, author summarizes the key arguments and provides his own perspective. The paper provides a general definition of the term injured party, which includes a positive and negative definition and distinction between the terms injured party and a victim. The author more closely examines when the injured party is not allowed to exercise his rights. There are also described, from the view of current legislation and also de lege ferenda, the circumstances under which a person is not allowed to join the criminal proceeding as an injured party. Furthermore the author breaks down the rights of an injured party with the emphasis being put on the right of the injured party to consent to prosecution and the right to demand for his/her claims to be satisfied in accordance with the 59/2017 Sb., on the use of funds acquired from property penal sanctions imposed in criminal proceedings, which has been in effect for over a year now in March 2019. The paper also examines collateral proceeding, especially the conditions under which the injured party can assert his claim...

Cette thèse tente de mettre en exergue les difficultés que soulèvent les relations du droit de la concurrence avec la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme.Tous les acteurs du droit de la concurrence s’accordent à dire que le comportement concurrentiel des entreprises sur le marché doit être encadré. Le maintien d’une concurrence saine et efficace dépend, entre autres, des pouvoirs des autorités de concurrence, de l’effectivité des procédures visant les comportements anticoncurrentiels et des sanctions infligées aux entreprises auteurs d’infractions. Néanmoins, la pratique révèle une forte carence de l'application des droits de la défense résultant de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme. Cette défaillance peut s’expliquer en partie par le caractère relativement récent et mouvant du droit de la concurrence. Plus préoccupées par le maintien d’une concurrence effective que par le respect des droits de la défense des entreprises, les autorités ont relégué au second plan la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme. Pourtant, cette dernière est profondément ancrée dans notre système juridique et les droits de la défense qui en découlent constituent de surcroît le fondement d’un Etat de droit.Face aux incessantes critiques de praticiens et d’universitaires, les autorités et juridictions ont commencé à accorder plus d’importance au respect des droits de la défense. Par ailleurs, un certain nombre de mesures a été mis en place afin de permettre un respect accru de la Convention européenne des droits de l’Homme en droit de la concurrence. La réalité démontre que toutes ces mesures ne peuvent suffire à assurer le respect satisfaisant des droits de la défense des entreprises mises en cause par les autorités de concurrence. Néanmoins, même timide, cette évolution mérite d’être approuvée et encouragée. / This thesis tries to highlight the difficulties that may occur as a result of the correlations between competition law and the European Convention on Human Rights. All the actors of competition law agree to say that the competitive behavior of companies in the market must be framed. The preservation of a healthy and effective competition depends on many factors. Among them, the focus can be given on the powers of competition authorities and the effectiveness of the procedures aiming at a better competitive behavior. Furthermore, it can be added the role of the penalties imposed on companies breaching the rules of antitrust law. However, the practice shows that this goal is often pursued to the detriment of the rights of defense resulting from the European Convention on Human Rights.Nevertheless, the fundamental rights are profoundly anchored in our legal system and besides, improve the respect of the rule of law. Unlike other law areas, the youth of competition law might explain the reason why the authorities of competition have a more flexible approach of the European Convention on Human Rights. Entitled by the preservation of an effective competition, the authorities have pushed aside the European Convention on Human Rights.Coping with the constant critics of practitioners and academics, the authorities and the jurisdictions have gradually begun to pay attention to the violations of the defense rights. Moreover, measures have been set up to enforce a greater respect for the European Convention on Human Rights in the sphere of competition law. There is no doubt that all these measures cannot be enough to assure respect for the rights of defense of companies questioned by the authorities of competition. Nevertheless, it can be considered as a first step.

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