A poor stand as a result of a low seeding rate can cost the grower due to decreased yield potential. A seeding rate higher than optimum can also cost the grower not only due to increased seed cost but also due to increased susceptibility to water and nitrogen stress and frost damage. Seeding rates in small grains are usually expressed on a pound per acre basis, but since varieties differ in seed size, different amounts of seed can be planted at equivalent seeding rates. Defining optimum seeding rates are also complicated by the fact that the number of seeds that actually emerge can vary depending on planting conditions. In our studies, emergence varied from 50 to 100% emergence. At the Maricopa location, the optimum seeding rate was obtained with 12 seedlings per square foot, which corresponded to a seeding rate of 75 lbs /A for the small seeded Brooks wheat and 125 lbs seed /A for the large seeded Kronos durum. No differences in yield were detected at the Yuma Mesa location for barley seeding rates ranging from 75 to 150 lbs seed/A or at the Yuma - Valley location for durum seeding rates from 200 to 250 lbs seed/A. Growers generally seed at rates higher than the optimum suggested by this and other studies, but current commercial seeding rates are seen as cheap insurance against stand establishment problems and may or may not be warranted depending on seedbed conditions and percent emergence.

Small plot replicate trials were established to test ten barley varieties, twenty one durum wheat varieties and seven varieties of bread/feed wheat. Yields were exceptionally high in 1998 which were attributed to overall growing conditions for the plants. Gustoe was the highest yielding barley variety with a yield of 8412 pounds per acre, YU894-162 (Western Plant Breeders) was the highest yielding durum wheat with a yield of 7986 pounds per acre and RSI 5 (Resources Seeds Inc.) was the highest yielding feed wheat. These varieties yielded 1458, 966 and 713 pounds per acre more than the number two varieties for barley, durum wheat and wheat, respectively.

Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by University of Arizona personnel at one or more locations. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield and other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. The results contained in this report will be combined with results from previous years in a summary available from Arizona Cooperative Extension.

Established alfalfa reportedly does not benefit rom applications of N fertilizer since it is a leguminous crop that is capable of fixing its own N from atmospheric N. Some growers feel that nitrogen (N) fixing nodules found on the roots of the alfalfa plant are ineffective during Arizona's hot summers . Thus, N fertilizer is sometimes applied in early summer to established alfalfa to enhance growth and possibly delay or lessen the severity of summer slump to increase alfalfa tonnage. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of inorganic and controlled release N fertilizer applied in summer on alfalfa hay yield at the first cutting during summer slump. Three treatments consisted of an unfertilized check plot, broadcast 18-46-0 applied at 27 lbs. N /acre, and Folocron water run at a rate of 30 lbs. N /acre in August to three year old 'CUF 101' alfalfa grown on a silt loam soil. Maximum alfalfa hay yield at the September cutting (0.91 ton/acre) was obtained without N fertilizer application.

Alfalfa producers in the Colorado River region of La Paz County have experienced some shifting trends in markets and production over the last 15 years. Acreage has increased steadily from a low of 25,000 acres in the early 1980's to a high of nearly 45,000 acres in 1997. Average annual alfalfa hay yields in La Paz County have maintained a fairly flat trend ranging from 7.5 to 8.5 tons per acre during this time. Alfalfa hay prices were severely depressed during the summer of 1986, from summer of 1991 through winter of 1992, and during the summer of 1995. In contrast, La Paz County alfalfa hay producers experienced the strongest markets during the winters of 1984, 1990, and 1995. More recently, since the winter of 1996, producers have experienced the strongest alfalfa hay market in the history of La Paz County with on farm prices reaching an all time high of $136 per ton.

Anew chemistry (Spinosad 4SC) was tested for control of beet armyworm and other summers insects in alfalfa. This product did not control beet armyworms as well as the top of label rate of Lorsban 4E, and at one day post treatment had more beet armyworms than the lowest rate of Lorsban tested At three days post treatment both rates of Spinosad 4SC had fewer beet armyworms than the lowest rate of Lorsban tested. Few differences were noted between Spinosad 4SC for beet armyworm control, although fewer alfalfa caterpillars were noted with usage of the higher Spinosad rate, although significantly more beneficial insects were noted at three days post treatment with the lower rate of Spinosad. Lorsban chemistries significantly lowered yellows and hopperburn damage ratings compared with other treatments and a difference was noted between the two Spinosad rates although Empoasca sp. leafhopper numbers were similar.

Esta dissertação aborda as práticas de produção da publicidade articuladas ao mundo social. O objetivo geral de pesquisa é compreender os tensionamentos da articulação da publicidade com a sociedade contemporânea no que tange aos estereótipos mobilizados na criação, segundo a perspectiva de publicitários atuantes em agências e produtoras audiovisuais em Porto Alegre/RS. Estamos considerando a publicidade como processo sociocultural e, por isso, nosso aporte teórico aborda a intersecção presente entre comunicação e cultura através de autores como Williams e Hall; para tratar a publicidade acionamos autores como Rocha, Piedras e Wottrich; as práticas de produção da publicidade por meio de autores como Hansen, Silva e Toaldo, Petermann e Rocha; e o estereótipo a partir de autores como Gastaldo, Johnson e Hall. No âmbito empírico, de vertente qualitativa, a unidade de pesquisa é constituída por quatro publicitários (profissionais de agências de publicidade e produtoras audiovisuais) com quem realizamos entrevistas semipadronizadas sucessivas. Além disso, consultamos dados secundários provenientes de fontes especializadas no mercado publicitário, do CONAR e da mídia em geral. Como resultados, emergiram aspectos que posicionam a publicidade contemporânea brasileira diante da questão do estereótipo, entre os interesses econômicos e as demandas sociais: a regulação como via pela qual o estereótipo historicamente entra em pauta na publicidade brasileira, o movimento sutil da publicidade global e local rumo ao enfrentamento da reprodução do estereótipo, os limites para mudança impostos pelos condicionamentos da produção institucionalizada e as demandas pela continuidade do debate a partir das questões que emergem do público e da sociedade civil. / This dissertation addresses the advertising production practices articulated to the social world. The general objective of the research is to understand the tensions between the articulation of advertising and contemporary society regarding the stereotypes mobilized in creation, according to the perspective of advertisers working in agencies and audiovisual producers in Porto Alegre / RS. We are considering advertising as a sociocultural process and, therefore, our theoretical contribution addresses the present intersection between communication and culture through authors such as Williams and Hall; to deal with advertising we trigger authors like Rocha, Piedras and Wottrich; the practices of production of advertising by authors such as Hansen, Silva and Toaldo, Petermann and Rocha; and the stereotype from authors like Gastaldo, Johnson and Hall. In the qualitative field, the research unit is made up of four publicity agents (professionals of advertising agencies and audiovisual producers) with whom we conduct successive semipadronized interviews. In addition, we consult secondary data from specialized sources in the advertising market, CONAR and the media in general. As results, emerged aspects that position the Brazilian contemporary advertising before the stereotype question, between the economic interests and the social demands: the regulation as the route through which the stereotype historically enters in the agenda in Brazilian publicity, the subtle movement of the global and local publicity the limits to change imposed by the constraints of institutionalized production, and the demands for the continuity of the debate from the issues that emerge from the public and from civil society.

Local Roots is a design of a system where local interest circles and study groups share their knowledge and interest in the context of an outdoor museum. Here, museum visitors can get inspired by a first glimpse into the local culture of traditional food production. This thesis project mainly focuses on the introduction experience to this system, on the outdoor museum plant tour "what's my flavor". Interactive plant audio installations of this tour are placed around the territory of the museum. By touching different parts of a plant, museum visitors trigger information about its nutritional and cultural values. They start to see food opportunities in natural ecosystems, gain experience and train watchfulness the same way they would do it for centuries before, by touching, smelling and reading the signs of nature together with the more experienced peers.

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Atenciosamente, Auxiliadora on 2017-05-19T17:19:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by ana licia stopilha (stopilha@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-19T22:09:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese para repositorio .pdf: 6113125 bytes, checksum: 0db2c06ea6b39ae93abb024937cb77e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-05-23T15:17:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese para repositorio .pdf: 6113125 bytes, checksum: 0db2c06ea6b39ae93abb024937cb77e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T15:17:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese para repositorio .pdf: 6113125 bytes, checksum: 0db2c06ea6b39ae93abb024937cb77e9 (MD5) / Este estudo objetivou investigar como o grupo de Marisqueiras da comunidade de Mangue Seco (Valença) articula e compartilha saberes para o aprimoramento de práticas produtivas. Assim, assume como objeto a atividade da mariscagem de um grupo de Marisqueiras em Valença (BA), e tem como recorte temporal o período de 2009 a 2014. Tendo em vista que os saberes pertencentes a grupos que desenvolvem atividades cujas práticas configuram-se como tradicionais e situam-se no circuito inferior da economia, a exemplo de comunidades que sobrevivem da pesca e mariscagem, encontram-se em situação de invisibilidade produzida pela racionalidade dominante e que tal configuração acarreta o desperdício de experiências, entende-se que a mobilização dos saberes para a solução de problemas e o aprimoramento de suas práticas torna-se imprescindível. Apesar de desenvolverem uma atividade cuja riqueza de saberes revela-se na manutenção destas ao longo dos anos e, sobretudo, por representar sustento e geração de renda para o grupo de Marisqueiras, a mariscagem apresenta-se como desvalorizada e invisível econômica e socialmente traduzindo-se em ausência de investimentos e melhorias para as práticas inerentes à atividade e condenando à subalternidade os grupos que a praticam. Diante deste cenário, emerge o seguinte questionamento: como o grupo de Marisqueiras de Mangue Seco (Valença) articula e compartilha saberes para o aprimoramento de práticas produtivas? Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se, quanto à natureza, como pesquisa aplicada. No tocante à abordagem a investigação valeu-se dos vetores quantitativo e qualitativo. Assume inicialmente o caráter exploratório e evolui para a pesquisa descritiva. A pesquisa-ação delineou-se como tipo de pesquisa mais orientada ao problema e aos objetivos deste trabalho, visto ser uma modalidade que permite a intervenção do pesquisador na realidade social e a mobilização do grupo ou comunidade na solução dos problemas a partir da utilização de técnicas e métodos da pesquisa social. No âmbito da pesquisa-ação o Diagnóstico Rural Participativo delineou-se como instrumento imprescindível para promoção da articulação e compartilhamento de saberes através de suas ferramentas. Na busca de coerência aos procedimentos metodológicos, na acepção teórica do estudo, procedeu-se à pesquisa bibliográfica em livros, revistas, bancos de dissertações e teses congêneres, à pesquisa eletrônica e a pesquisa documental através dos registros do projeto de extensão Maria Marisqueira e do projeto de pesquisa Mapeamento e difusão de ferramentas de gestão do conhecimento e capital social em comunidades locais: um estudo sobre as Marisqueiras do Mangue Seco em Valença (BA). Na vertente empírica utilizaram-se rodas de conversa, oficinas, entrevistas e formulários. Os resultados revelam que as Marisqueiras possuem uma diversidade de saberes, essencialmente aqueles relacionados com o ambiente natural, onde desenvolvem suas práticas produtivas. Os dados ainda mostram que elas compartilham saberes prioritariamente com os membros da família e de sua comunidade, mas que, mediadas pela pesquisa, elas demonstraram potencial para articular e compartilhar saberes e práticas com outros grupos. Conclui-se que a articulação e o compartilhamento dos saberes e práticas das Marisqueiras permitiu visibilidade ao grupo e orientou todos os atores envolvidos neste estudo para a construção coletiva de estratégias, a exemplo da tecitura redes solidárias, do fortalecimento do capital social, da criação de tecnologias sociais, do fomento da economia solidária e da demanda e proposição de políticas públicas que comunguem com a melhoria das práticas produtivas das Marisqueiras. / ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate how the shellfish women from Mangue Seco community (Valença) articulate and share knowledge for the improvement of their productive practices. Thus takes as its object the activity of this group of shellfish women between 2009 and 2014. Bearing in mind that the knowledge belonging to groups that develop activities whose practices are considered traditional and are in the lower circuit of the economy, like communities that survive on fishing and shellfish, are in invisibility a situation produced by the dominant rationality and that such rationality means the loss of experiences of these groups, it is understood that the mobilization of knowledge to solve problems and to improve its practices becomes essential. Although developing an activity whose wealth of knowledge is acquired over the years, and above all represents sustenance and income generation for the shellfish group, shellfish is undervalued and socially and economically invisible due to an absence of investments and improvements to the inherent practices condemning the subordinate groups who practice it. In this scenario, emerges the question: how the shellfish women from Mangue Seco (Valencia) articulate and share knowledge for the improvement of their productive practices? This research is characterized by nature, as applied research. Regarding the research, the approach taken, takes advantage of both quantitative and qualitative vectors. It initially assumes an exploratory character and evolves into descriptive research. The action research focused more on the problems and the objectives of this work, being a modality that allows the researcher's intervention into the social reality and the group's or community's mobilization in solving problems by using techniques and methods of social research. Under the action research the Participatory Rural Appraisal outlined as indispensable instrument for promoting coordination and knowledge sharing through its tools In the interest of methodological procedures consistency, the theoretical meaning of the study, we resorted to bibliographic research in books, magazines, data bases essays and congeneric theses, from electronic and documentary research available in the extension project Maria Marisqueira and the research project Mapping and diffusion of knowledge management tools and social capital in local communities: A study about Marisqueiras de Mangue Seco em Valença.(BA.). On the empirical side, were used, conversation circles, workshops, interviews and forms. The results show that the Shellfish Women have a diversity of knowledge, mostly that related to the natural environment where they develop their productive practices. The data also shows that they share knowledge primarily with family members and the community but, mediated by research, showed potential to articulate and share knowledge and practices with other groups. It is concluded that the articulation and the sharing of knowledge and practices of the shellfish women has permitted the group's visibility and directed all the actors involved in this study for the collective construction of strategies, such as the construction of solidarity networks, the strengthening of social capital, creating social technologies, fostering solidarity economy and demand and policy proposition that commune with improved production practices of the shellfish women

Esta dissertação aborda as práticas de produção da publicidade articuladas ao mundo social. O objetivo geral de pesquisa é compreender os tensionamentos da articulação da publicidade com a sociedade contemporânea no que tange aos estereótipos mobilizados na criação, segundo a perspectiva de publicitários atuantes em agências e produtoras audiovisuais em Porto Alegre/RS. Estamos considerando a publicidade como processo sociocultural e, por isso, nosso aporte teórico aborda a intersecção presente entre comunicação e cultura através de autores como Williams e Hall; para tratar a publicidade acionamos autores como Rocha, Piedras e Wottrich; as práticas de produção da publicidade por meio de autores como Hansen, Silva e Toaldo, Petermann e Rocha; e o estereótipo a partir de autores como Gastaldo, Johnson e Hall. No âmbito empírico, de vertente qualitativa, a unidade de pesquisa é constituída por quatro publicitários (profissionais de agências de publicidade e produtoras audiovisuais) com quem realizamos entrevistas semipadronizadas sucessivas. Além disso, consultamos dados secundários provenientes de fontes especializadas no mercado publicitário, do CONAR e da mídia em geral. Como resultados, emergiram aspectos que posicionam a publicidade contemporânea brasileira diante da questão do estereótipo, entre os interesses econômicos e as demandas sociais: a regulação como via pela qual o estereótipo historicamente entra em pauta na publicidade brasileira, o movimento sutil da publicidade global e local rumo ao enfrentamento da reprodução do estereótipo, os limites para mudança impostos pelos condicionamentos da produção institucionalizada e as demandas pela continuidade do debate a partir das questões que emergem do público e da sociedade civil. / This dissertation addresses the advertising production practices articulated to the social world. The general objective of the research is to understand the tensions between the articulation of advertising and contemporary society regarding the stereotypes mobilized in creation, according to the perspective of advertisers working in agencies and audiovisual producers in Porto Alegre / RS. We are considering advertising as a sociocultural process and, therefore, our theoretical contribution addresses the present intersection between communication and culture through authors such as Williams and Hall; to deal with advertising we trigger authors like Rocha, Piedras and Wottrich; the practices of production of advertising by authors such as Hansen, Silva and Toaldo, Petermann and Rocha; and the stereotype from authors like Gastaldo, Johnson and Hall. In the qualitative field, the research unit is made up of four publicity agents (professionals of advertising agencies and audiovisual producers) with whom we conduct successive semipadronized interviews. In addition, we consult secondary data from specialized sources in the advertising market, CONAR and the media in general. As results, emerged aspects that position the Brazilian contemporary advertising before the stereotype question, between the economic interests and the social demands: the regulation as the route through which the stereotype historically enters in the agenda in Brazilian publicity, the subtle movement of the global and local publicity the limits to change imposed by the constraints of institutionalized production, and the demands for the continuity of the debate from the issues that emerge from the public and from civil society.