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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sistema agroalimentario del maíz blanco en Ciudad Arce, municipio de El Salvador

Ayala Durán, Carlos Ernesto January 2018 (has links)
Aiming to understand interrelations surrounding maize culture in El Salvador, the present work addresses white maize agri food system in Ciudad Arce. To do so, this thesis has used localized agrifood systems as theoretical framework. Thereof, historical, technical, institutional and food aspects compounding the localized agrifood system have been studied. Seemingly, this thesis has carried out a dense fieldwork, spreading through direct interviews with 82 maize producers in Ciudad Arce. Additionally, a number of actors, both public and private, have been interviewed, including: Rural extentionists, researchers, inputs providers, food retailers among others. This thesis begins with a theoretical analysis of territory. Thereof, the territorial perspective developed in the present work has been enriched from Geography, since it was originally within this science where territory emerged and where it has been more rigorously studied. This theoretical discussion of territory has paved the way to analyze its appropriation by productive agglomeration approaches such as: Industrial districts, clusters, local productive arrangements, local productive systems, rural agoindustry and localized agrifood systems. Given our above mentioned analysis on territory, it is highlighted that all these theoretical perspectives conceive the territorial concept with a positive bias, leaving aside the historical power relations accompanying territory from a geographical perspective. Subsequently, and given a lack of detailed and trustworthy statistics and databases in El Salvador, this thesis profoundly describes maize producers in Ciudad Arce. To do so, the framework of localized agrifood systems is implemented, describing producers in terms of their historical, technical, institutional and food peculiarities. This characterization paved the way to conceptualize and analyze how the maize localized agrifood system is structured in Ciudad Arce. Besides this conceptualization and analysis, the present work has exposed power relations at different levels, some of which are not conscripted to the usual economic and political arena. Hence, it has been possible to identify and discuss at least two power relations in each of the four dimensions that form the above mentioned localized agrifood system (LAFS). This qualitative analysis set the way to move onto a quantitative discussion. Within it, a system of four regressions (one for each LAFS dimension) was performed to predict and quantify maize productivity variations. Likewise a system of four regressions was used to predict and quantify variations in total production of this cereal. In general terms, regressions having productivity as dependent variable showed more modest results. Afterwards, another multiple regression was used to predict the variations of maize production including variables from all four different dimensions form the LAFS. At this point selected variables were combined into only one multiple regression in order to integrate the previous isolated dimensions. This regression was able to predict 83% of variations in maize production (R²: 0.830/ R² Adjusted: 0.782). These results identified many variables that influence total production, among the three most relevant in decreasing importance are: Area planted, commercial motivation to produce maize and the possession of an irrigation system. At the end, this thesis elaborates final considerations at both theoretical and practical level. Likewise, it also points to new research lines. / Con el objetivo de entender las inter-relaciones y el entramado alrededor de la cultura del maíz en El Salvador, el presente trabajo aborda el sistema agroalimentario del maíz blanco en Ciudad Arce. Para tal fin, el presente trabajo se ha valido de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados como marco teórico. Con ello, se ha estudiado aspectos históricos, técnicos, institucionales y alimenticios del mencionado sistema. De tal suerte, esta tesis se ha valido de un nutrido trabajo de campo, que abarcó entrevistas directas con 82 agricultores que producen maíz, además de un número elevado de actores públicos y privados relacionados al tema, entre ellos: extensionistas rurales, investigadores, proveedores de insumos, comerciantes agrícolas. Esta tesis parte de una revisión teórica que aborda el territorio como concepto central. En tal sentido, la visión del territorio ha sido nutrida con aportes desde la geografía, ya que en esa ciencia se ha tratado históricamente este concepto de forma más rigurosa. La discusión sobre el territorio ha permitido evaluar su aplicación a la hora de ser retomada por enfoques teóricos que estudian aglomeraciones productivas, como los distritos industriales, los clúster, arreglos productivos locales, sistemas productivos locales, agro industrias rurales y los propios sistemas agroalimentarios localizados. A la luz de nuestro análisis sobre el territorio, se ha podido evidenciar que todos estos enfoques teóricos se apropian del territorio con un sesgo positivo, dejando de lado las históricas relaciones de poder circundantes a este concepto geográfico. Posteriormente, ante una ausencia de datos pormenorizados y estadísticas confiables, se caracteriza de forma profunda a los agricultores que producen maíz en Ciudad Arce De tal suerte, y al amparo del marco teórico de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, se destacan características históricas, técnicas, institucionales y alimenticias de los agricultores. Esto da paso a poder conceptualizar y analizar, cómo está formado el sistema agroalimentario del maíz en Ciudad Arce. Paralela a esta conceptualización y análisis, se ha explicitado cuáles son las relaciones de poder en diversa escala que han sido identificadas. De tal suerte, ha sido posible problematizar al menos dos relaciones de poder en cada una de las diferentes dimensiones del SIAL. Todo este análisis de cuño más cualitativo, da paso a un análisis cuantitativo. Al respecto, se realiza en primer lugar un sistema de cuatro regresiones (una por cada dimensión del SIAL) para predecir y cuantificar las variaciones en la productividad del maíz. Similarmente se emplea otro sistema de cuatro regresiones teniendo como variable dependiente producción de maíz. En términos generales, las regresiones que tienen a la productividad del maíz como variable dependiente, muestran resultados mucho más modestos. En un segundo momento, se opta por realizar una regresión múltiple que integre variables de las diferentes dimensiones abordadas, mismas que habían sido estudiadas hasta ahora de forma aislada. Esta regresión integrada consigue dar cuenta del 83% (R²: 0.830/ R² Ajustado: 0.782) de las variaciones en la producción. Se pudo identificar numerosas variables que influían en la producción total de maíz, siendo las tres más importantes en orden decreciente: superficie plantada, motivación para la producción de maíz es el comercio y la posesión de un sistema de riego. Finalmente, la tesis concluye con consideraciones a nivel teórico y práctico, no sin antes apuntar sobre nuevas líneas de investigación a ser exploradas.
2

Sistema agroalimentario del maíz blanco en Ciudad Arce, municipio de El Salvador

Ayala Durán, Carlos Ernesto January 2018 (has links)
Aiming to understand interrelations surrounding maize culture in El Salvador, the present work addresses white maize agri food system in Ciudad Arce. To do so, this thesis has used localized agrifood systems as theoretical framework. Thereof, historical, technical, institutional and food aspects compounding the localized agrifood system have been studied. Seemingly, this thesis has carried out a dense fieldwork, spreading through direct interviews with 82 maize producers in Ciudad Arce. Additionally, a number of actors, both public and private, have been interviewed, including: Rural extentionists, researchers, inputs providers, food retailers among others. This thesis begins with a theoretical analysis of territory. Thereof, the territorial perspective developed in the present work has been enriched from Geography, since it was originally within this science where territory emerged and where it has been more rigorously studied. This theoretical discussion of territory has paved the way to analyze its appropriation by productive agglomeration approaches such as: Industrial districts, clusters, local productive arrangements, local productive systems, rural agoindustry and localized agrifood systems. Given our above mentioned analysis on territory, it is highlighted that all these theoretical perspectives conceive the territorial concept with a positive bias, leaving aside the historical power relations accompanying territory from a geographical perspective. Subsequently, and given a lack of detailed and trustworthy statistics and databases in El Salvador, this thesis profoundly describes maize producers in Ciudad Arce. To do so, the framework of localized agrifood systems is implemented, describing producers in terms of their historical, technical, institutional and food peculiarities. This characterization paved the way to conceptualize and analyze how the maize localized agrifood system is structured in Ciudad Arce. Besides this conceptualization and analysis, the present work has exposed power relations at different levels, some of which are not conscripted to the usual economic and political arena. Hence, it has been possible to identify and discuss at least two power relations in each of the four dimensions that form the above mentioned localized agrifood system (LAFS). This qualitative analysis set the way to move onto a quantitative discussion. Within it, a system of four regressions (one for each LAFS dimension) was performed to predict and quantify maize productivity variations. Likewise a system of four regressions was used to predict and quantify variations in total production of this cereal. In general terms, regressions having productivity as dependent variable showed more modest results. Afterwards, another multiple regression was used to predict the variations of maize production including variables from all four different dimensions form the LAFS. At this point selected variables were combined into only one multiple regression in order to integrate the previous isolated dimensions. This regression was able to predict 83% of variations in maize production (R²: 0.830/ R² Adjusted: 0.782). These results identified many variables that influence total production, among the three most relevant in decreasing importance are: Area planted, commercial motivation to produce maize and the possession of an irrigation system. At the end, this thesis elaborates final considerations at both theoretical and practical level. Likewise, it also points to new research lines. / Con el objetivo de entender las inter-relaciones y el entramado alrededor de la cultura del maíz en El Salvador, el presente trabajo aborda el sistema agroalimentario del maíz blanco en Ciudad Arce. Para tal fin, el presente trabajo se ha valido de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados como marco teórico. Con ello, se ha estudiado aspectos históricos, técnicos, institucionales y alimenticios del mencionado sistema. De tal suerte, esta tesis se ha valido de un nutrido trabajo de campo, que abarcó entrevistas directas con 82 agricultores que producen maíz, además de un número elevado de actores públicos y privados relacionados al tema, entre ellos: extensionistas rurales, investigadores, proveedores de insumos, comerciantes agrícolas. Esta tesis parte de una revisión teórica que aborda el territorio como concepto central. En tal sentido, la visión del territorio ha sido nutrida con aportes desde la geografía, ya que en esa ciencia se ha tratado históricamente este concepto de forma más rigurosa. La discusión sobre el territorio ha permitido evaluar su aplicación a la hora de ser retomada por enfoques teóricos que estudian aglomeraciones productivas, como los distritos industriales, los clúster, arreglos productivos locales, sistemas productivos locales, agro industrias rurales y los propios sistemas agroalimentarios localizados. A la luz de nuestro análisis sobre el territorio, se ha podido evidenciar que todos estos enfoques teóricos se apropian del territorio con un sesgo positivo, dejando de lado las históricas relaciones de poder circundantes a este concepto geográfico. Posteriormente, ante una ausencia de datos pormenorizados y estadísticas confiables, se caracteriza de forma profunda a los agricultores que producen maíz en Ciudad Arce De tal suerte, y al amparo del marco teórico de los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, se destacan características históricas, técnicas, institucionales y alimenticias de los agricultores. Esto da paso a poder conceptualizar y analizar, cómo está formado el sistema agroalimentario del maíz en Ciudad Arce. Paralela a esta conceptualización y análisis, se ha explicitado cuáles son las relaciones de poder en diversa escala que han sido identificadas. De tal suerte, ha sido posible problematizar al menos dos relaciones de poder en cada una de las diferentes dimensiones del SIAL. Todo este análisis de cuño más cualitativo, da paso a un análisis cuantitativo. Al respecto, se realiza en primer lugar un sistema de cuatro regresiones (una por cada dimensión del SIAL) para predecir y cuantificar las variaciones en la productividad del maíz. Similarmente se emplea otro sistema de cuatro regresiones teniendo como variable dependiente producción de maíz. En términos generales, las regresiones que tienen a la productividad del maíz como variable dependiente, muestran resultados mucho más modestos. En un segundo momento, se opta por realizar una regresión múltiple que integre variables de las diferentes dimensiones abordadas, mismas que habían sido estudiadas hasta ahora de forma aislada. Esta regresión integrada consigue dar cuenta del 83% (R²: 0.830/ R² Ajustado: 0.782) de las variaciones en la producción. Se pudo identificar numerosas variables que influían en la producción total de maíz, siendo las tres más importantes en orden decreciente: superficie plantada, motivación para la producción de maíz es el comercio y la posesión de un sistema de riego. Finalmente, la tesis concluye con consideraciones a nivel teórico y práctico, no sin antes apuntar sobre nuevas líneas de investigación a ser exploradas.
3

Aglomerações industriais e polos econômicos regionais: uma análise comparativa entre a Região Sul do Brasil e a Província do Québec/CA / Industrial agglomerations and regional economic poles: a comparative analysis between the Southern Brazil and Quebec Province/CA

Barchet, Isabela 14 March 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabela Barchet.pdf: 4056155 bytes, checksum: 727bab8cdddc5c1048fecef4130b1a19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-14 / This research is a comparative analysis of industrial agglomerates and polarization in Southern Brazil and Quebec Province in Canada. Thus, the research analyzed the spatial configuration of productive activities agglomerations in Southern Brazil and in Quebec Province in Canada in order to promote elements for discussion of regional effects this process of concentration. Specifically, the study discussed the elements that influence the formation of agglomerates industrial; identified the industrial agglomerates in Quebec Province and in the states of Southern Brazil and sought to understand the effects of industrial concentration process in the perspective of winners and losers regions. It was used as methodological procedure a multiple regression model with panel data, the estimate of the Location Quotient (QL) with filters and some statistical parameters as, for example, the Pearson Asymmetry Coefficient and the Gini Concentration Coefficient, for a discussion of drive and dynamics of industrial employment. The results showed that the social capital, physical and financial, as well as the market potential are determining factors for the formation of industrial agglomerates. In relation to industrial agglomerates, the study identified to Santa Catarina 56 productive agglomerations for the year 2013. Representing an increase of 30% of agglomerates compared to 2006, as well as a slight diversification in the state's productive structure. In Rio Grande do Sul were identified 65 industrial agglomerates distributed in 16 sub-sectors and in Paraná, between 2006 and 2013, there was a increase of 20% in the number of industrial agglomerates. For Québec Province were identified 6 industrial groupings divided into 4 sub-sectors for 2012, representing a reduction of 33% in the number of agglomerates identified for 2005. Finally, it was noted a distribution of industrial employment toward spaces that, in some cases are located relatively far from areas with the initial presence of the industrial sector. It stayed evident to the southern Brazil, that the largest gains in relation to the industrial employment can not be attributed to large urban centers, or more specifically, the big metropolitan areas. / Esta pesquisa faz uma análise comparativa dos aglomerados industriais e da polarização na Região Sul do Brasil e a Província do Québec no Canadá entre 1996 e 2013. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a configuração espacial das aglomerações de atividades produtivas na Região Sul do Brasil e na Província do Québec no Canadá, a fim de promover elementos para a discussão dos efeitos regionais desse processo de concentração. De forma específica, procurou-se discorrer em relação aos elementos que influenciam a formação de aglomerações de atividades produtivas industriais; identificar e compreender os aglomerados produtivos industriais na Província do Québec e nos Estados da Região Sul do Brasil e abordar os efeitos do processo de concentração industrial sob a ótica de regiões ganhadoras e perdedoras. Para tanto, utilizou-se como procedimento metodológico para alcançar os resultados e responder aos objetivos um modelo de regressão múltipla com dados em painéis, a estimativa do Quociente Locacional (QL) com filtros e alguns parâmetros estatísticos, entre os quais estão o Coeficiente de Assimetria de Pearson e o Coeficiente de concentração de Gini, para uma discussão da movimentação e da dinâmica do emprego industrial. Por meio dos resultados constatou-se que o capital social, físico e financeiro, assim como o potencial de mercado são fatores determinantes para a formação de aglomerados produtivos industriais. Todavia, uma elevação do capital humano e financeiro pode inibir a concentração industrial, principalmente em espaços com um dinamismo socioeconômico mais estável, como é o caso da Província do Québec. Quanto as aglomerações industriais, o estudo identificou para Santa Catarina 56 aglomerações produtivas para o ano de 2013, representando em relação a 2006 um aumento de 30% dos aglomerados, bem como uma leve diversificação na estrutura produtiva do Estado. No Rio Grande do Sul foram identificados 65 agrupamentos industriais distribuídos em 16 subsetores e, no Estado paranaense entre 2006 e 2013 houve um aumento de 20% no número de aglomerados industriais. Para a Província do Québec foram identificados 6 agrupamentos industriais distribuídos em 4 subsetores para 2012, representando uma redução de 33% no número de aglomerados identificados para o ano de 2005. Por fim, notou-se em geral uma distribuição do emprego industrial em direção à espaços, que em alguns casos, se situam relativamente distantes das áreas iniciais de incidência do setor industrial. Ficou evidente na Região Sul do Brasil, que os maiores ganhos em termos de emprego industrial não podem ser atribuídos aos grandes centros urbanos, ou mais especificamente, as grandes regiões metropolitanas.

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