The main aim of this thesis centred on what made effective professional development programs. As a particular case study data was collected on those programs sponsored by the Melbourne Catholic Education Office. Teachers from three schools in the North Western Metropolitan Zone of Melbourne, Australia, the principals from the three participating schools and training staff from the Catholic Education Office in Melbourne became the subjects of the study. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed in order to ascertain whether there were any common trends as to what the teachers thought was needed in effective professional development programs. The interviews with the participating principals and training staff were taped and later analysed in order to determine what they believed was the purpose of professional development and whether the programs currently being offered were effective. In addition, a list of characteristics of effective professional development was developed from the relevant research literature. The analysis of the above data was used to develop a model of effective professional development. The design of this model is cyclical. A main characteristic of the model promotes the reflection by both the participants and the training providers on what has occurred during the program and this process of reflection contributes in later development of programs in similar areas. It was also concluded that the needs and expectations from professional development of teachers and principals were different to what has been expected in past research projects. Both the teachers and principals expected that they would not be solely immersed in theory or in activities that may be used in the classroom. Instead they hoped to gain a knowledge of activities that are based on theory and develop an understanding of how these activities may be used and how they will assist in student learning. Hence, the link between the theory and its application was believed by teachers and principals to be of primary importance in professional development in order to maintain high teaching practices and in turn result in improved student learning.

É comum encontrar em escolas brasileiras um ensino de ciências que prioriza aulas expositivas com a valorização de conteúdos conceituais com caráter descritivo, memorístico e descontextualizado com o cotidiano e com a realidade dos alunos e/ou da comunidade escolar. O ensino por investigação dentro do contexto da Alfabetização Científica (AC) desvia o foco do ensino de ciências na memorização de conceitos, privilegiando estratégias de como relacionar os conceitos científicos aprendidos de forma a contribuírem para a construção de uma visão consciente e crítica sobre os processos de produção do conhecimento científico. Essa abordagem de ensino, contudo, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades para ser implementada, destacando-se a má formação docente durante a vida acadêmica; os licenciandos saem despreparados com concepções errôneas do ensino por investigação, refletindo em equívocos, por exemplo, na elaboração de sequências didáticas investigativas. A existência de programas de aperfeiçoamento profissional durante a graduação, como o PIBID, por exemplo, podem promover esclarecimentos aos futuros docentes acerca sobre princípios do ensino por investigação, permitindo a construção de sequências didáticas investigativas. Com isso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos do ensino por investigação que poderiam estar presentes em uma sequência didática (sd) elaborada por licenciandos dentro do contexto, PIBID-IB/USP. Para isso, foram analisados os planos de aula e as atividades da sd através da ferramenta DEEnCI, identificando em quais momentos da aplicação da sd houve um maior ou menor direcionamento dos licenciandos. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários e entrevistas com os licenciandos para análise das suas ideias e compreensões sobre o ensino por investigação. Como resultados, notou-se que a sequência didática elaborada pelos licenciandos proporcionou: resgate dos conhecimentos prévios, coleta e análise de dados, engajamento dos alunos mediante perguntas de pesquisa e aplicação dos conceitos aprendidos, de maneira integrada e articulada na última atividade da sd, representando uma situação real, vivenciada pela comunidade escolar. Os dados da ferramenta juntamente com os obtidos pelas entrevistas e questionários demonstram que os licenciandos foram mais atuantes em alguns momentos da aplicação da sd, como na interpretação de conceitos e na análise de dados. Isso, no entanto, não deve ser mal interpretado, pois os licenciandos dessa pesquisa tinham pouca e/ou nenhuma experiência como docente, assim, um maior direcionamento da investigação faz com que os licenciandos se sintam mais seguros mediante a execução da atividade. Dessa maneira, essa pesquisa apresentou análises importantes e pertinentes do PIBID dentro do contexto IB/USP, na perspectiva de apresentar quais foram os avanços e limitações do grupo escola estudado, para incorporar e promover o ensino por investigação na elaboração, planejamento e a aplicação de sequências didáticas investigativas, reforçando assim, a importância de programas de formação docente, nesse caso o PIBID, como um instrumento relevante para a formação docente. / It is common to find in Brazilian schools, a science education that prioritizes expository classes with the valuation of conceptual contents with a descriptive, memoristic and decontextualized character with daily life and with the reality of students and / or community. Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), within the context of Scientific Literacy (AC) deviates the focus of science teaching on the memorization of concepts, privileging strategies of how to relate the scientific concepts learned in order to contribute to the construction of a conscious and critical vision on the processes of production of scientific knowledge. In addition, the IBSE can develop skills such as observing phenomena, defining problems and formulating a research question, developing hypotheses to be tested, designing experiments, interpreting data, and using data as evidence so that they can therefore be scientifically literate. This approach, however, faces a number of difficulties to be implemented, especially teacher mismanagement during academic life. In this way, the student teachers are left unprepared with misconceptions about research teaching, reflecting in misunderstandings, for example in the elaboration of inquiry sequence learning. The existence of professional development programs during graduation, such as the PIBID, for example, can promote the clarification of future teachers about the principles of IBSE, allowing the construction of didactic sequences of research. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the aspects of IBSE that could be identified in a didactic sequence elaborated by student teachers within the context, PIBID-IB / USP. For that, the lesson plans and SD activities were analyzed through the DEEnCI tool, identifying in which moments of the SD application there was a greater or lesser direction of the teacher students. In addition, questionnaires and interviews with the teacher students were applied to analyze their ideas and their understandings about research teaching. As a result, it was noticed that the didactic sequence elaborated by the student teacher provided: the retrieval of previous knowledge, data collection and analysis, students\' engagement through research questions and application of the concepts learned, in an integrated and articulated way in the last activity of SD, representing a real situation experienced by the school community. The data of the tool together with those obtained by the interviews and questionnaires show that the student teachers were more active in some moments of the application of SD, as in the interpretation of concepts and the analysis of data. However, this should not be misinterpreted because the student teachers of this research had little or no experience as a teacher, so a greater focus of research makes the graduates feel more secure through the execution of the activity. In this way, this research presented important and pertinent analyses of PIBID within the IB / USP context, in order to present the advances and limitations of the studied school group, to incorporate and promote IBSE in the elaboration, planning and application of inquiry sequence learning, thus reinforcing the importance of professional development programs during graduation.

É comum encontrar em escolas brasileiras um ensino de ciências que prioriza aulas expositivas com a valorização de conteúdos conceituais com caráter descritivo, memorístico e descontextualizado com o cotidiano e com a realidade dos alunos e/ou da comunidade escolar. O ensino por investigação dentro do contexto da Alfabetização Científica (AC) desvia o foco do ensino de ciências na memorização de conceitos, privilegiando estratégias de como relacionar os conceitos científicos aprendidos de forma a contribuírem para a construção de uma visão consciente e crítica sobre os processos de produção do conhecimento científico. Essa abordagem de ensino, contudo, enfrenta uma série de dificuldades para ser implementada, destacando-se a má formação docente durante a vida acadêmica; os licenciandos saem despreparados com concepções errôneas do ensino por investigação, refletindo em equívocos, por exemplo, na elaboração de sequências didáticas investigativas. A existência de programas de aperfeiçoamento profissional durante a graduação, como o PIBID, por exemplo, podem promover esclarecimentos aos futuros docentes acerca sobre princípios do ensino por investigação, permitindo a construção de sequências didáticas investigativas. Com isso, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos do ensino por investigação que poderiam estar presentes em uma sequência didática (sd) elaborada por licenciandos dentro do contexto, PIBID-IB/USP. Para isso, foram analisados os planos de aula e as atividades da sd através da ferramenta DEEnCI, identificando em quais momentos da aplicação da sd houve um maior ou menor direcionamento dos licenciandos. Além disso, foram aplicados questionários e entrevistas com os licenciandos para análise das suas ideias e compreensões sobre o ensino por investigação. Como resultados, notou-se que a sequência didática elaborada pelos licenciandos proporcionou: resgate dos conhecimentos prévios, coleta e análise de dados, engajamento dos alunos mediante perguntas de pesquisa e aplicação dos conceitos aprendidos, de maneira integrada e articulada na última atividade da sd, representando uma situação real, vivenciada pela comunidade escolar. Os dados da ferramenta juntamente com os obtidos pelas entrevistas e questionários demonstram que os licenciandos foram mais atuantes em alguns momentos da aplicação da sd, como na interpretação de conceitos e na análise de dados. Isso, no entanto, não deve ser mal interpretado, pois os licenciandos dessa pesquisa tinham pouca e/ou nenhuma experiência como docente, assim, um maior direcionamento da investigação faz com que os licenciandos se sintam mais seguros mediante a execução da atividade. Dessa maneira, essa pesquisa apresentou análises importantes e pertinentes do PIBID dentro do contexto IB/USP, na perspectiva de apresentar quais foram os avanços e limitações do grupo escola estudado, para incorporar e promover o ensino por investigação na elaboração, planejamento e a aplicação de sequências didáticas investigativas, reforçando assim, a importância de programas de formação docente, nesse caso o PIBID, como um instrumento relevante para a formação docente. / It is common to find in Brazilian schools, a science education that prioritizes expository classes with the valuation of conceptual contents with a descriptive, memoristic and decontextualized character with daily life and with the reality of students and / or community. Inquiry Based Science Education (IBSE), within the context of Scientific Literacy (AC) deviates the focus of science teaching on the memorization of concepts, privileging strategies of how to relate the scientific concepts learned in order to contribute to the construction of a conscious and critical vision on the processes of production of scientific knowledge. In addition, the IBSE can develop skills such as observing phenomena, defining problems and formulating a research question, developing hypotheses to be tested, designing experiments, interpreting data, and using data as evidence so that they can therefore be scientifically literate. This approach, however, faces a number of difficulties to be implemented, especially teacher mismanagement during academic life. In this way, the student teachers are left unprepared with misconceptions about research teaching, reflecting in misunderstandings, for example in the elaboration of inquiry sequence learning. The existence of professional development programs during graduation, such as the PIBID, for example, can promote the clarification of future teachers about the principles of IBSE, allowing the construction of didactic sequences of research. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the aspects of IBSE that could be identified in a didactic sequence elaborated by student teachers within the context, PIBID-IB / USP. For that, the lesson plans and SD activities were analyzed through the DEEnCI tool, identifying in which moments of the SD application there was a greater or lesser direction of the teacher students. In addition, questionnaires and interviews with the teacher students were applied to analyze their ideas and their understandings about research teaching. As a result, it was noticed that the didactic sequence elaborated by the student teacher provided: the retrieval of previous knowledge, data collection and analysis, students\' engagement through research questions and application of the concepts learned, in an integrated and articulated way in the last activity of SD, representing a real situation experienced by the school community. The data of the tool together with those obtained by the interviews and questionnaires show that the student teachers were more active in some moments of the application of SD, as in the interpretation of concepts and the analysis of data. However, this should not be misinterpreted because the student teachers of this research had little or no experience as a teacher, so a greater focus of research makes the graduates feel more secure through the execution of the activity. In this way, this research presented important and pertinent analyses of PIBID within the IB / USP context, in order to present the advances and limitations of the studied school group, to incorporate and promote IBSE in the elaboration, planning and application of inquiry sequence learning, thus reinforcing the importance of professional development programs during graduation.

A literatura em formação docente tem sido pródiga em traçar perfis e características de bons professores, mas a formação docente que tem sido realizada apresenta muitas dificuldades em atingir esses objetivos. O que pode estar faltando? Os objetivos desta investigação centram-se em descrever e analisar a dinâmica geral de um programa de desenvolvimento profissional, com foco nas ações do formador, e conectar seus objetivos e ações no programa, em sentido amplo, com o quadro teórico disponível em formação docente. Nossa análise se compõe de duas partes. Na primeira, procedemos a uma caracterização geral do grupo de formação, incluindo a forma de abordagem dos conteúdos pelo formador, as tarefas designadas aos participantes e os objetivos gerais, explícitos tanto quanto implícitos, do programa. Na segunda parte da análise, apresentamos três dimensões da prática docente sobre as quais o formador atua: planejar, conduzir a aprendizagem e avaliar os resultados. Identificamos três saberes e ações transversais a todos os episódios de formação, que poderiam ser consideradas como metas maiores do programa: a reflexão sobre a prática, o exercício da autonomia docente e a compreensão da teoria construtivista. Conectamos essas metas com as formas de atuação do formador. Desenvolvemos nossas conclusões em termos de encontrar os necessários e essenciais presentes nesse grupo de formação, que proporcionam os bons resultados em termos da modificação das práticas docentes: o formador trabalhou a partir da prática docente de cada professor, começou todo o ensino pela atitude de ouvir o professor e cultivou abertura de espírito para incluir como conteúdos e atividades de ensino o que fosse necessário para auxiliar o desenvolvimento tanto profissional quanto pessoal dos participantes do programa. Unindo esses necessários e como as modificações pretendidas na prática docente são profundas e enraizadas nas próprias crenças epistemológicas dos professores e em suas decorrentes traduções em metodologias de ensino percebemos como um ponto essencial que o formador agiu, no programa, em consonância com as ações esperadas dos professores, ou seja, ele ensinou através do próprio exemplo, proporcionando a vivência necessária para uma mudança de paradigma sobre as ações educacionais. Verba volant, exempla trahunt. / The literature in teacher education has been generous in determining profiles and characteristics of good teachers, but the teacher formation that has been carried out faces many difficulties in attaining those aims. What can be missing? The objectives of this research center in describing and analyzing the general dynamics of a program of professional development, focusing the actions of the tutor, and connecting his objectives and actions in the program, with the theoretical framework in teacher education. Our analysis is composed of two parts. In the first, we perform a general characterization of the formation group, including the ways of approaching the topics, the tasks designated to the participants and the general objectives, both implicit and explicit, of the program. In the second part of the analysis we present three dimensions of the teacher practice about which the tutor acts: planning, conducting learning and evaluating the results. Weve also identified three dimensions that are transversal to all formation episodes, and which could be considered as broader aims of the program: the reflection about the practice, the practice of autonomy and the comprehension of the constructivist theory. Weve connected these aims with the tutors procedures. Weve developed our conclusions in terms of finding the necessaries and essentials present in this formation group, which provide the good learning results and the modification of teachers practices: the tutor worked departing from the real practice of each teacher, began all teaching by the attitude of listening to the teacher and cultivated an open spirit to include as contents and teaching activities what is necessary as an aid to the participants both professional as personal development. Uniting these necessaries and because the intended modification in the teachers practices are profound and rooted in their own epistemological beliefs and consequent translations into teaching methodologies we saw as an essential point that the tutor acted, in the program, in coherence with the expected practice of the teachers, i.e. he taught also through his own example, so the participants would also live the new approach and paradigm of education. Verba volant, exempla trahunt.

A literatura em formação docente tem sido pródiga em traçar perfis e características de bons professores, mas a formação docente que tem sido realizada apresenta muitas dificuldades em atingir esses objetivos. O que pode estar faltando? Os objetivos desta investigação centram-se em descrever e analisar a dinâmica geral de um programa de desenvolvimento profissional, com foco nas ações do formador, e conectar seus objetivos e ações no programa, em sentido amplo, com o quadro teórico disponível em formação docente. Nossa análise se compõe de duas partes. Na primeira, procedemos a uma caracterização geral do grupo de formação, incluindo a forma de abordagem dos conteúdos pelo formador, as tarefas designadas aos participantes e os objetivos gerais, explícitos tanto quanto implícitos, do programa. Na segunda parte da análise, apresentamos três dimensões da prática docente sobre as quais o formador atua: planejar, conduzir a aprendizagem e avaliar os resultados. Identificamos três saberes e ações transversais a todos os episódios de formação, que poderiam ser consideradas como metas maiores do programa: a reflexão sobre a prática, o exercício da autonomia docente e a compreensão da teoria construtivista. Conectamos essas metas com as formas de atuação do formador. Desenvolvemos nossas conclusões em termos de encontrar os necessários e essenciais presentes nesse grupo de formação, que proporcionam os bons resultados em termos da modificação das práticas docentes: o formador trabalhou a partir da prática docente de cada professor, começou todo o ensino pela atitude de ouvir o professor e cultivou abertura de espírito para incluir como conteúdos e atividades de ensino o que fosse necessário para auxiliar o desenvolvimento tanto profissional quanto pessoal dos participantes do programa. Unindo esses necessários e como as modificações pretendidas na prática docente são profundas e enraizadas nas próprias crenças epistemológicas dos professores e em suas decorrentes traduções em metodologias de ensino percebemos como um ponto essencial que o formador agiu, no programa, em consonância com as ações esperadas dos professores, ou seja, ele ensinou através do próprio exemplo, proporcionando a vivência necessária para uma mudança de paradigma sobre as ações educacionais. Verba volant, exempla trahunt. / The literature in teacher education has been generous in determining profiles and characteristics of good teachers, but the teacher formation that has been carried out faces many difficulties in attaining those aims. What can be missing? The objectives of this research center in describing and analyzing the general dynamics of a program of professional development, focusing the actions of the tutor, and connecting his objectives and actions in the program, with the theoretical framework in teacher education. Our analysis is composed of two parts. In the first, we perform a general characterization of the formation group, including the ways of approaching the topics, the tasks designated to the participants and the general objectives, both implicit and explicit, of the program. In the second part of the analysis we present three dimensions of the teacher practice about which the tutor acts: planning, conducting learning and evaluating the results. Weve also identified three dimensions that are transversal to all formation episodes, and which could be considered as broader aims of the program: the reflection about the practice, the practice of autonomy and the comprehension of the constructivist theory. Weve connected these aims with the tutors procedures. Weve developed our conclusions in terms of finding the necessaries and essentials present in this formation group, which provide the good learning results and the modification of teachers practices: the tutor worked departing from the real practice of each teacher, began all teaching by the attitude of listening to the teacher and cultivated an open spirit to include as contents and teaching activities what is necessary as an aid to the participants both professional as personal development. Uniting these necessaries and because the intended modification in the teachers practices are profound and rooted in their own epistemological beliefs and consequent translations into teaching methodologies we saw as an essential point that the tutor acted, in the program, in coherence with the expected practice of the teachers, i.e. he taught also through his own example, so the participants would also live the new approach and paradigm of education. Verba volant, exempla trahunt.

There currently exists a challenge in higher education to improve undergraduate education. The development and more adequate preparation of future faculty, who are current graduate students, is one of several options identified as a viable strategy to address this challenge. This dissertation explored the quality of motivation as a factor affecting the preparation or socialization of future faculty at two top-tier universities. The quality of motivation is believed salient to preparation and socialization. This study focused on the motivation types of teaching-focused future faculty preparation program (FFPP) completers, their programmatic experiences, and various personal and social factors, such as gender, program, and academic discipline, as reason for motivation type. This mixed methods research study was based on the tenets of self-determination theory and revealed quantitatively, through inferential statistics, that a significant difference exists in the motivation type of participants based on gender, program, and academic discipline. Qualitative findings, from focus group interviews, were that FFPP design characteristics included elements to satisfy the innate psychological need for competence but fell short in meeting the need for relatedness. The findings offer insights into aspects that affect the quality of motivation in program participants. They also suggest that in order to more adequately prepare and socialize future faculty, consideration must be given to the importance of satisfying innate psychological needs in an effort to enhance the quality of participant motivation. Both findings support the importance of relatedness in affecting the quality of motivation. The findings of this study support the notion that certain demographic or contextual factors, as well as the satisfaction of innate psychological needs are critical to motivation quality, internalization, behavior, and socialization. The results of this study will contribute to program developers' awareness of motivation quality and its effect on behavior to enhance the design of teaching-focused future faculty preparation programs and socialization. Through the use of motivation quality, this study serves as a catalyst for the more adequate preparation of future faculty to improve undergraduate education.

No description available.