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Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka nyblivna prästers yrkesidentiteter. För att besvara syftet har en intervjustudie med fem nyblivna präster gjort. Intervjuerna har i huvudsak behandlat pastorsadjunkternas upplevelser av att vara nyblivna präster. Teorin som använts behandlar socialisation och yrkessocialisation. Peter L. Berger och Thomas Luckmann (1979) skriver att socialisationsprocesser startar så snart barnet föds och pågår sedan resten av livet. Socialisationen syftar i första hand till att utveckla en personlighet hos individen och att fostra denne till att bli en god samhällsmedborgare. Under livets gång genomgår individen socialisationsprocesser som vidareutvecklar dennes personlighet så att hon eller han passar in i olika samhällsgrupperingar, till exempel i skola och arbetsliv. Olika grupperingar kan ha olika identifikationsgrunder, såsom exempelvis olika samhällsklasser eller yrkesgrupper. Per Lauvås och Gunnar Handal (2001) skriver att yrkessocialisation leder till medlemskap i en specifik yrkesgrupp. Genom att ta till sig yrkesgruppens värderingar, normer, beteenden och handlingsmönster blir individen en del av yrkeskåren.I resultat och analys har framkommit att nyblivna prästers yrkesidentiteter fogas samman av ett flertal aspekter. Dessa är Kyrklig bakgrund. Prästutbildning och handledning. Varierande och människoorienterat yrke. Prästuppgifterna är förenade med känslor och positiva egenskaper. Att arbeta i Svenska kyrkan. Regler och fördomar. Övning ger färdighet. Prästers alternativa planer.Kyrkan finns internaliserad i relativt tidig ålder hos alla pastorsadjunkterna.Yrkesidentitetskonstruktion påverkas av flera dimensioner: individ, grupp/organisation och samhälle. Därmed påverkas nyblivna prästers yrkesidentiteter av en mängd olika intryck.Även församlingen är del av prästens yrkesidentitet. Det är svårt att formalisera yrkespraktik i utbildning så att nyblivna präster känner sig till fullo redo vid intåg i arbetslivet.Därför är handledning och annan yrkesintroduktion är värdefullt för nyblivna präster.Prästers arbete är av sådan karaktär att den nyblivne prästen måste agera på eget initiativ för att situationen kräver det. Derasyrkesidentiteter är därför mer individuellt förankrade än kollektiva.Präster har krav på sig som sträcker sig utanför yrkesrollendå denne måsteagera på samma sätt privat som i tjänsten för att fullgöra sina vigningslöften.En viktig del i prästens identitet är den kristna läran och att förkunna evangelium. Pastorsadjunkterna har dock i sin individuella yrkesidentitetskonstruktion lagt in egna värdeord såsom att förmedla hopp, gemenskap, öppenhet och godhet.

This thesis explores the ways in which American and Canadian neurosurgeons fashioned their professional identity in the period between 1919 and 1950. This dissertation is an exploration of the ways in which American and Canadian neurosurgeons fashioned their professional identity in the formative period of the specialty’s history. Part I argues that an ethos of elitism and exclusionism structured the cultural landscape of the specialty and was reflected in the membership policy of the Society of Neurological Surgeons and the Harvey Cushing Society, which screened for certain moral and professional values. The meetings of the societies opened with surgical performances designed to encourage particular technical practices, to negotiate and standardize procedures, and to demonstrate the prowess of the neurosurgeon. In theatrical performances at these meetings the neurosurgeons also created a distinctive type of masculinity, which was inflected with a feminine resonance. Part II outlines the extraordinary professional success of the neurosurgeons in the 1930s and 1940s when they assumed leadership of neurological institutes. Wilder Penfield’s effort to build such an institute in Montreal led him to challenge the authority of clinical neurologists by claiming therapeutic superiority and by engineering a public debate about the future of these related specialties. Jurisdictional disputes between neurosurgeons and neurologists played out in animated rhetorical performances at the meetings of professional societies and illustrate the divergent ways in which these specialists envisioned medical specialization. Neurosurgeons cleaved neurology along therapeutic lines, while neurologists, attempting to regain conditions lost to neurosurgeons and psychiatrists, sought authority over all organic and functional disorders. Part III charts the neurosurgeons’ growing authority in popular culture. Although popular representations testify to an increasing glamorization of brain surgeons over the first half of the twentieth century, these narratives reveal culturally contingent tensions. The ideal cure for brain tumors was portrayed as medical, not surgical, while the public expressed an ambivalent reaction to the violence to both body and mind that brain surgery appeared to threaten.

This thesis explores the ways in which American and Canadian neurosurgeons fashioned their professional identity in the period between 1919 and 1950. This dissertation is an exploration of the ways in which American and Canadian neurosurgeons fashioned their professional identity in the formative period of the specialty’s history. Part I argues that an ethos of elitism and exclusionism structured the cultural landscape of the specialty and was reflected in the membership policy of the Society of Neurological Surgeons and the Harvey Cushing Society, which screened for certain moral and professional values. The meetings of the societies opened with surgical performances designed to encourage particular technical practices, to negotiate and standardize procedures, and to demonstrate the prowess of the neurosurgeon. In theatrical performances at these meetings the neurosurgeons also created a distinctive type of masculinity, which was inflected with a feminine resonance. Part II outlines the extraordinary professional success of the neurosurgeons in the 1930s and 1940s when they assumed leadership of neurological institutes. Wilder Penfield’s effort to build such an institute in Montreal led him to challenge the authority of clinical neurologists by claiming therapeutic superiority and by engineering a public debate about the future of these related specialties. Jurisdictional disputes between neurosurgeons and neurologists played out in animated rhetorical performances at the meetings of professional societies and illustrate the divergent ways in which these specialists envisioned medical specialization. Neurosurgeons cleaved neurology along therapeutic lines, while neurologists, attempting to regain conditions lost to neurosurgeons and psychiatrists, sought authority over all organic and functional disorders. Part III charts the neurosurgeons’ growing authority in popular culture. Although popular representations testify to an increasing glamorization of brain surgeons over the first half of the twentieth century, these narratives reveal culturally contingent tensions. The ideal cure for brain tumors was portrayed as medical, not surgical, while the public expressed an ambivalent reaction to the violence to both body and mind that brain surgery appeared to threaten.

School Psychologists spend a disproportionate amount of time assessing students despite a stated desire to be recognized as performing a broader role. One approach to ameliorating this discrepancy is by facilitating the professional identity development of individual School Psychologists, since those with a strong professional identity are likely to advocate and elicit change. To this end, it is necessary to look beyond the narrow confines of the profession for models of professional identity development. An existing network development model that has identity-building potential is explored, and two existing professional networking mechanisms, one from the field of Veterinary Medicine and the other from School Psychology, are examined. The resulting School Psychology Professional Identity Development (SPPID) Framework provides a basis for a future professional collaboration mechanism that specifically assists school psychologists in professional identity building and eliciting change. Limitations and future directions for research are also discussed. / Psychological Studies in Education

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação. / This research focuses on the economic, socio-environmental and political dynamics related to organization, construction of collective identity and empowerment of workers in recycling cooperatives, taking into account their relationships with several external agents. The choice of this object relies on two main aspects: - the characterization of this activity as an occupation being structured and recognized, representing a possibility of sustainability and autonomy for sectors of low income people in developing countries; - a peculiar kind of State-civil society relation, in which recycling cooperatives interact simultaneously with local and regional public entities, and non-governmental organizations, like catholic institutions or other NGOs. Through a comparative analysis of characteristics of three recycling cooperatives in Porto Alegre Metropolitan Region, distinct results were found, concerning internal processes of work organization and decision-making participation, as well as the perceptions, motivations and expectations of the recycling workers towards their occupation.

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação. / This research focuses on the economic, socio-environmental and political dynamics related to organization, construction of collective identity and empowerment of workers in recycling cooperatives, taking into account their relationships with several external agents. The choice of this object relies on two main aspects: - the characterization of this activity as an occupation being structured and recognized, representing a possibility of sustainability and autonomy for sectors of low income people in developing countries; - a peculiar kind of State-civil society relation, in which recycling cooperatives interact simultaneously with local and regional public entities, and non-governmental organizations, like catholic institutions or other NGOs. Through a comparative analysis of characteristics of three recycling cooperatives in Porto Alegre Metropolitan Region, distinct results were found, concerning internal processes of work organization and decision-making participation, as well as the perceptions, motivations and expectations of the recycling workers towards their occupation.

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação. / This research focuses on the economic, socio-environmental and political dynamics related to organization, construction of collective identity and empowerment of workers in recycling cooperatives, taking into account their relationships with several external agents. The choice of this object relies on two main aspects: - the characterization of this activity as an occupation being structured and recognized, representing a possibility of sustainability and autonomy for sectors of low income people in developing countries; - a peculiar kind of State-civil society relation, in which recycling cooperatives interact simultaneously with local and regional public entities, and non-governmental organizations, like catholic institutions or other NGOs. Through a comparative analysis of characteristics of three recycling cooperatives in Porto Alegre Metropolitan Region, distinct results were found, concerning internal processes of work organization and decision-making participation, as well as the perceptions, motivations and expectations of the recycling workers towards their occupation.

This research has drawn on poststructuralist thinking to posit that assertions of supervision being a benign and necessary process or activity rely on modernist assumptions. Utilising Foucault’s work on discourses and power, this study conceptualised supervision as a social construction that has implications for practice and subjectivity, and that this process, within the context of counselling psychology, with its particular epistemological underpinnings, is worthy of further exploration. This study makes an original contribution through extending the work by Crocket (2004, 2007), who has investigated supervision’s shaping effects on professional identity, to apply it to the particular epistemological and theoretical context of counselling psychology, a profession said to value postmodern ideas such as pluralism and ambiguity (Rizq, 2006). Semi-structured interviews with six women counselling psychology trainees were analysed using Foucauldian discourse analysis, a social constructionist methodology, and found a number of discourses implicated in trainees’ subjectivity and practice. Whilst expert, developmental and gender discourses were found to be implicated in constructions of supervision as hierarchical, which was seen as a key aspect of constructions of power in supervision, other discourses were identified that offered positions from which to resist this. The researcher acknowledges that the discursive resources identified are based on this particular sample, could have been read in other ways and does not assume they can be applied to all trainee counselling psychologists. Rather, it is hoped this study may contribute to debate around supervision and it’s shaping effects and consequently be useful in enhancing counselling psychology’s reflexivity in research and practice.

This qualitative case study examined the development of doctoral students' professional identities through the negotiation of boundaries among communities of practice and through the social forces within a community of practice. The five doctoral students who participated in the study had been secondary agriculture teachers and were in their second and third years of a Teaching and Learning concentration of an Agricultural and Extension Education doctoral program at a Land Grant University. The participants had from four to seven years of teaching experience in secondary agriculture programs and were on full graduate assistantship with their academic department at the time of the study. The over arching theme was developed through analysis of interviews which were developed through a priori propositions, document analysis, and participant observations. This theme - Doctoral students must lose some legitimacy in their previous communities of practice to gain legitimacy with the faculty community of practice and access the faculty Discourse. Doctoral students' ability to define themselves as "good" and to have legitimacy reinforce each other and increase access which facilitates their professional identity development in relation to the faculty community of practice - emerged to describe the entire study and suggest influences that hinder or facilitate professional identity formation. / Ph. D.