Cette thèse s’intéresse au travail enseignant en Sciences et Techniques des Agroéquipements (STA) dans le cadre de la transmission d’une « bonne pratique agricole » en situation d’enseignement professionnel. Elle vise à saisir l’organisation de l’activité d’enseignement, instrumentée dans un contexte particulièrement discrétionnaire et dans des environnements dynamiques multiples. Le cadre conceptuel mobilisé est au croisement de la didactique professionnelle et de l’approche instrumentale étendue. L’analyse porte à la fois sur des pratiques effectives et racontées et tient compte de la dimension symbolique de l’instrument dans la stratégie didactique mobilisée par l’enseignant. L’observation de l’activité didactique des enseignants, portant sur un même objet technique, permet de mettre en évidence les différents modes d’appropriations des instruments. L’analyse des résultats s’appuie sur la notion d’invariant (du sujet et de la situation) qui est envisagée au niveau du système d’instruments de l’enseignant et dans une articulation dialectique entre « pouvoir d’agir » et « accomplissement de soi ». La variabilité interindividuelle s’explique dans un processus dynamique de construction identitaire du sujet à l’origine « d’un sens pour soi » à chaque fois unique et sans cesse renouvelé : les connaissances en acte mobilisées par l’enseignant au travers de ses instruments apparaissent intimement liées à une forme de « re-connaissance en acte » donnant des styles d’enseignement variés. D’un point de vue plus général, les résultats valident le modèle « du sujet enseignant » proposé dans le cadre théorique en donnant à l’acte global d’enseignement une signification plus large et au-delà du langage. / This University thesis looks into the work done by teachers in Agri-Sciences and Techniques: how a "sound agricultural practice" is transmitted in a vocational teaching situation. Its aim is to grasp the organisation of the teaching activity in a particularly discretionary context and in various fluctuating situations. The conceptual framework used for this research is at the intersection of Professional Teaching Practice and an extended instrumental approach. The analytical work is based on tangible teaching practices as they were expressed, and takes into account the symbolic dimension of the device used by the teacher. As it bears on one technical element, the observation of the teachers’ activity makes it possible to highlight the various ways they make use of the chosen devices. The results analysis is based on the concept of invariance (both of the subject and the situation), as it was expected from the teacher’s range of devices and also dialectic relation between the concepts of "empowerment" and "self-accomplishment". The variations can be explained by the active process of the person’s identity construction, proceeding from the feeling of personal sense, a feeling each time unique and incessantly renewed: the teacher’s knowledge and cognition, as it is mustered through the devices used, appear to be closely linked to a form of "re-cognition", leading to varied teaching styles. From a more general point of view, the results verify the model of a "teaching person", as it was propositioned in the theoretical framework; it gives the global teaching act a broader meaning that reaches beyond language.

[pt] Partindo da hipótese teórica de que a construção de identidades docentes se dá essencialmente na mediação das dimensões que cercam os saberes e o fazer docente, e no intuito de compreender melhor algumas das miudezas do processo de formação de professores, a pesquisa de doutoramento, que resulta no presente texto, teve como objetivo investigar como são interiorizados os significados e os sentidos que constituem a produção de identidades docentes na particularidade do curso de Geografia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, campus Maracanã. Nos cotidianos de formação de professores, tem-se a faceta criativa de identidades docentes diversas, que envolvem a apreensão de valores, significados e visões de mundo. Para melhor compreender essas particularidades, realizou-se um resgate de dois conceitos que serviram de base para a pesquisa: paisagens de licenciatura e epistemologia da prática profissional dos professores. Em aproximação com o método cotidianista, a pesquisa possibilitou experimentar o ambiente de formação de professores também como um laboratório de pesquisa e, a partir de conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com parte do corpo discente, conclui-se que, ao longo da formação para o magistério, os sentidos e significados da docência são desenvolvidos na construção do habitus, da práxis e do ethos docente em espaçostempos onde são negociadas dimensões que cercam a produção de identidades docentes. Esses espaçostempos são entendidos como paisagens de licenciatura, uma vez que mediam sentidos da cultura e da identidade docente durante a graduação em Geografia, momento de produção e absorção dos saberes e do fazer docente, na perspectiva da epistemologia da prática profissional dos professores. A cultura docente é composta por valores e crenças compartilhadas, mas que são assimiladas individualmente, e desempenham um papel fundamental na maneira como os professores se percebem. Como foi verificado na investigação com alguns discentes, é uma dimensão da profissionalidade docente fundamentalmente produzida na formação inicial. Os currículos das modalidades Licenciatura e Bacharelado, o Estágio Supervisionado obrigatório, o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência e o Programa Residência Pedagógica foram as paisagens de licenciatura investigadas durante a pesquisa e percebidas pelos discentes como espaçostempos de construção de suas identidades. Nesses espaçostempos, a apreensão do habitus docente sugere a assimilação de atitudes e posturas que constituem o fazer docente. A práxis docente é incorporada na tomada de consciência sobre a importância da relação entre teoria e prática, entre os saberes docentes e o fazer docente. Já o ethos docente é desenvolvido na formação inicial, por meio da construção de personalidade comportamental, moral e afetiva. / [en] Starting from the theoretical hypothesis that the construction of teaching identities takes place essentially in the mediation of the dimensions that surround knowledge and teaching practice, and with the aim of better understanding some of the intricacies of the teacher training process, doctoral research, which results In this text, the objective was to investigate the means by which meanings and meanings that constitute the production of teaching identities are internalized in the particularity of the Geography course at the State University of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã campus. In the daily routine of teacher training there is the creative facet of different teaching identities, which involves the apprehension of values, meanings and worldviews. To better understand this particularity, two concepts were recovered that served as the basis for the research: teaching landscapes and the epistemology of teachers professional practice. In approximation with the everyday method, the research made it possible to experience the teacher training environment also as a research laboratory, and based on informal conversations and semi-structured interviews with part of the student body, it is concluded that, throughout the training for the teaching, the senses and meanings of teaching are developed in the construction of habitus, praxis and teaching ethos in spaces-times where dimensions surrounding the production of teaching identities are negotiated. These spaces-times are understood as undergraduate landscapes, since they mediate meanings of culture and teaching identity during the Geography degree, a moment of production and absorption of knowledge and teaching practice, from the perspective of the epistemology of teachers professional practice. Teaching culture is made up of shared values and beliefs, which are assimilated individually, and play a fundamental role in the way teachers perceive themselves. As verified in the investigation with part of the student body, it is a dimension of teaching professionalism fundamentally produced in initial training. The curricula of the Degree and Bachelor s degrees, the mandatory Supervised Internship, the Institutional Teaching Initiation Scholarship Program and the Pedagogical Residency Program were the degree landscapes investigated during the research and perceived by the students as spaces-time for the construction of teaching identities. In these spaces-times, the apprehension of the teaching habitus suggests the assimilation of attitudes and postures that constitute teaching. Teaching praxis is assimilated in the awareness of the importance of the relationship between theory and practice, between teaching knowledge and teaching practice. The teaching ethos is developed in initial training through the construction of a behavioral, moral and affective personality.