Este estudo se debruça sobre a questão da formação de professores de matem ática para a incorporação de recursos tecnológicos em sala de aula. No cenário da Educação a Distância (EAD), esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a seguinte questão: na modalidade EAD, como organizar uma proposta de formação que vise a capacitação de professores de matemática para o uso do potencial dos registros dinâmicos de representa- ção semiótica que se tem no software GeoGebra? O processo de apropriação de softwares de Matemática Dinâmica (MD) por professores é analisado à luz da Abordagem Instrumental. O conhecimento matemático estabelecido culturalmente possui representação peculiar, que in uencia o processo de aprendizagem matemática, e é analisado através dos Registros de Representação Semióica Na articulação destes aportes teóricos, identi ca-se o registro dinâmico presente nos softwares de MD, e analisa-se a apropriação do recurso pelos professores através da exploração do potencial presente nesse registro. A partir da metodologia da Engenharia Didática, é apresentado o planejamento de Arquitetura Pedagógica para uma disciplina de curso especialização, cursada a distância por professores de matemática em formação continuada. O texto apresenta o relato da implementação da disciplina e, analisando as produções dos professores-alunos, identi ca-se o desenvolvimento de esquemas de utiliza- ção do software GeoGebra, indicativos do início de apropriação desse recurso por parte dos professores de matemática participantes do estudo. / This study focuses on the question of mathematics teacher training for the incorporation of technological resources in the classroom. In the Distance Education scenario, this research aims to analyze the question: in the distance education modality, how to organize a training proposal aimed at the training of mathematics teachers to use the potential of the dynamic register of semiotic representation at the GeoGebra software? The process of appropriation of Dynamic Mathematics software for teachers is analyzed under the perspective of Instrumental Approach. The mathematical knowledge culturally established has peculiar representation which in uence the process of learning mathematics, and is analyzed through Registers of Semiotic Representation At the junction of these theoretical contributions, identi es the dynamic record in Dynamic Mathematics software, and analyzes the appropriation of the resource by teachers through the exploitation of this potential in this register. Using the methodology of the Didactic Engineering, it presents the Pedagogical Architecture planning, for a especialization course's discipline given for math teachers in continuing education. The text reports the record of achievement of the course and analyzing the productions of student teachers, identi es the development of GeoGebra software utilization schemes, indicating the start of the appropriation of this appeal by math teachers in the study.

Este estudo se debruça sobre a questão da formação de professores de matem ática para a incorporação de recursos tecnológicos em sala de aula. No cenário da Educação a Distância (EAD), esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a seguinte questão: na modalidade EAD, como organizar uma proposta de formação que vise a capacitação de professores de matemática para o uso do potencial dos registros dinâmicos de representa- ção semiótica que se tem no software GeoGebra? O processo de apropriação de softwares de Matemática Dinâmica (MD) por professores é analisado à luz da Abordagem Instrumental. O conhecimento matemático estabelecido culturalmente possui representação peculiar, que in uencia o processo de aprendizagem matemática, e é analisado através dos Registros de Representação Semióica Na articulação destes aportes teóricos, identi ca-se o registro dinâmico presente nos softwares de MD, e analisa-se a apropriação do recurso pelos professores através da exploração do potencial presente nesse registro. A partir da metodologia da Engenharia Didática, é apresentado o planejamento de Arquitetura Pedagógica para uma disciplina de curso especialização, cursada a distância por professores de matemática em formação continuada. O texto apresenta o relato da implementação da disciplina e, analisando as produções dos professores-alunos, identi ca-se o desenvolvimento de esquemas de utiliza- ção do software GeoGebra, indicativos do início de apropriação desse recurso por parte dos professores de matemática participantes do estudo. / This study focuses on the question of mathematics teacher training for the incorporation of technological resources in the classroom. In the Distance Education scenario, this research aims to analyze the question: in the distance education modality, how to organize a training proposal aimed at the training of mathematics teachers to use the potential of the dynamic register of semiotic representation at the GeoGebra software? The process of appropriation of Dynamic Mathematics software for teachers is analyzed under the perspective of Instrumental Approach. The mathematical knowledge culturally established has peculiar representation which in uence the process of learning mathematics, and is analyzed through Registers of Semiotic Representation At the junction of these theoretical contributions, identi es the dynamic record in Dynamic Mathematics software, and analyzes the appropriation of the resource by teachers through the exploitation of this potential in this register. Using the methodology of the Didactic Engineering, it presents the Pedagogical Architecture planning, for a especialization course's discipline given for math teachers in continuing education. The text reports the record of achievement of the course and analyzing the productions of student teachers, identi es the development of GeoGebra software utilization schemes, indicating the start of the appropriation of this appeal by math teachers in the study.

Este estudo se debruça sobre a questão da formação de professores de matem ática para a incorporação de recursos tecnológicos em sala de aula. No cenário da Educação a Distância (EAD), esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a seguinte questão: na modalidade EAD, como organizar uma proposta de formação que vise a capacitação de professores de matemática para o uso do potencial dos registros dinâmicos de representa- ção semiótica que se tem no software GeoGebra? O processo de apropriação de softwares de Matemática Dinâmica (MD) por professores é analisado à luz da Abordagem Instrumental. O conhecimento matemático estabelecido culturalmente possui representação peculiar, que in uencia o processo de aprendizagem matemática, e é analisado através dos Registros de Representação Semióica Na articulação destes aportes teóricos, identi ca-se o registro dinâmico presente nos softwares de MD, e analisa-se a apropriação do recurso pelos professores através da exploração do potencial presente nesse registro. A partir da metodologia da Engenharia Didática, é apresentado o planejamento de Arquitetura Pedagógica para uma disciplina de curso especialização, cursada a distância por professores de matemática em formação continuada. O texto apresenta o relato da implementação da disciplina e, analisando as produções dos professores-alunos, identi ca-se o desenvolvimento de esquemas de utiliza- ção do software GeoGebra, indicativos do início de apropriação desse recurso por parte dos professores de matemática participantes do estudo. / This study focuses on the question of mathematics teacher training for the incorporation of technological resources in the classroom. In the Distance Education scenario, this research aims to analyze the question: in the distance education modality, how to organize a training proposal aimed at the training of mathematics teachers to use the potential of the dynamic register of semiotic representation at the GeoGebra software? The process of appropriation of Dynamic Mathematics software for teachers is analyzed under the perspective of Instrumental Approach. The mathematical knowledge culturally established has peculiar representation which in uence the process of learning mathematics, and is analyzed through Registers of Semiotic Representation At the junction of these theoretical contributions, identi es the dynamic record in Dynamic Mathematics software, and analyzes the appropriation of the resource by teachers through the exploitation of this potential in this register. Using the methodology of the Didactic Engineering, it presents the Pedagogical Architecture planning, for a especialization course's discipline given for math teachers in continuing education. The text reports the record of achievement of the course and analyzing the productions of student teachers, identi es the development of GeoGebra software utilization schemes, indicating the start of the appropriation of this appeal by math teachers in the study.

Cette thèse étudie l’activité d’opération en salle de contrôle, du point de vue de l’usage des technologies de présentation d’informations. L’évolution de ces technologies, principalement marquée par la réduction de la surface d’affichage d’informations opérationnelles à travers de la substitution des anciens tableaux synoptiques par les écrans d’ordinateur, a provoqué des transformations importantes dans l’activité des opérateurs tels que la perte de la vision globale et une croissante exigence de la mémoire à court terme. Toutefois, à l’heure actuelle, de nouvelles technologies – comme les videowalls, par exemple - permettent l’affichage de données opérationnelles en grandes surfaces, ouvrant la possibilité de surmonter les difficultés citées ci-dessus.L’objectif de ce travail est, d’une part, recenser dans quelles conditions de tels dispositifs de grand format peuvent représenter un appui opérationnel effectif, étant donné que dans la principale situation analysée le videowall n’était pas utilisé par les opérateurs et, d’autre part, explorer l’influence du process industriel dans l’utilisation de l’interface de contrôle de process. Ces questions sont abordées à la lumière de deux approches conceptuelles: celle de l’évolution des technologies de présentation d’information en salles de contrôle et celle de l’approche instrumentale. Les résultats auxquels nous sommes arrivés montrent que, pour être effectif, un videowall doit appuyer la construction de la vision globale du process, la mémoire à court terme et l’activité collective, aspects qui possèdent des configurations variables selon le process industriel contrôlé par les opérateurs. L’analyse des situations du point de vue de l’approche instrumentale permet de comprendre que l’effectivation de l’usage du videowall est également influencée par le processus de conception des écrans et que le contrôle du process industriel a lieu à travers de l’appropriation systémique des artefacts par les opérateurs, desquels le videowall doit faire partie. / This PhD dissertation studies the operational activity in control rooms, from the point of view of the use of the technologies of information presentation. The evolution of these technologies, mainly marked by the reduction of the display area of operational information through the substitution of the old synoptic panels by the computer monitors, caused important transformations in the operational activity such as the loss of the global vision and a rising exigence of the short-term memory. Meanwhile, nowadays new technologies – such as the videowalls – enable the exhibition of operational data in large surfaces, giving the opportunity of supporting the above mentionned aspects. The aim of this paper is, firstly, identify the conditions under which such large screens could represent an effective operacional help, since in the main analysed situation the videowall has no operational use, secondly, to explore the influence of the industrial process in the use of the interface. These questions are tackled by two conceptual approaches: the one of the evolution of the technologies of information presentation in control rooms and the one of the instrumental approach. The results to wich we came show that, in order to be effective, a videowall must support the construction of the global vision, the short-term memory and the collective activity, aspects that have different characteristics according to the industrial process controlled by the operators. The analysis of the work situations from the point of view of the instrumental approach allows understanding that the effectiveness of the use of the videowall is also influenced by the screen design process and that the control of the industrial process occurs through the systemic appropriation of the artefacts by the operators. / Esta tese estuda a atividade de operação em sala de controle, sob o ponto de vista do uso das tecnologias de apresentação de informações. A evolução destas tecnologias, principalmente marcada pela redução da área de exibição de informações operacionais através da substituição dos antigos painéis sinópticos pelos monitores de computador, provocou transformações importantes na atividade dos operadores tais como a perda da visão global e uma crescente exigência da memória de curto prazo. Entretanto, nos dias atuais, novas tecnologias – como os videowalls, por exemplo - permitem a exibição de dados operacionais em grandes superfícies, abrindo a possibilidade de suplantar as dificuldades mencionadas acima. O objetivo deste trabalho é, por um lado, recensear sob que condições tais dispositivos de grande formato podem representar um apoio operacional efetivo, já que na principal situação analisada o videowall não era utilizado pelos operadores e, por outro, explorar a influência do processo industrial na utilização da interface de controle de processo. Estas questões são abordadas à luz de duas abordagens conceituais: a da evolução das tecnologias de apresentação de informação em salas de controle e a da abordagem instrumental. Os resultados a que chegamos mostram que, para ser efetivo, um videowall precisa apoiar a construção da visão global do processo, a memória de curto prazo e a atividade coletiva, aspectos que possuem configurações variáveis segundo o processo industrial controlado pelos operadores. A análise das situações sob o ponto de vista da abordagem instrumental permite compreender que a efetivação do uso do videowall é também influenciada pelo processo de concepção das telas e que o controle do processo industrial ocorre através da apropriação sistêmica dos artefatos pelos operadores, dos quais deve fazer parte o videowall.

Cette thèse s’intéresse au travail enseignant en Sciences et Techniques des Agroéquipements (STA) dans le cadre de la transmission d’une « bonne pratique agricole » en situation d’enseignement professionnel. Elle vise à saisir l’organisation de l’activité d’enseignement, instrumentée dans un contexte particulièrement discrétionnaire et dans des environnements dynamiques multiples. Le cadre conceptuel mobilisé est au croisement de la didactique professionnelle et de l’approche instrumentale étendue. L’analyse porte à la fois sur des pratiques effectives et racontées et tient compte de la dimension symbolique de l’instrument dans la stratégie didactique mobilisée par l’enseignant. L’observation de l’activité didactique des enseignants, portant sur un même objet technique, permet de mettre en évidence les différents modes d’appropriations des instruments. L’analyse des résultats s’appuie sur la notion d’invariant (du sujet et de la situation) qui est envisagée au niveau du système d’instruments de l’enseignant et dans une articulation dialectique entre « pouvoir d’agir » et « accomplissement de soi ». La variabilité interindividuelle s’explique dans un processus dynamique de construction identitaire du sujet à l’origine « d’un sens pour soi » à chaque fois unique et sans cesse renouvelé : les connaissances en acte mobilisées par l’enseignant au travers de ses instruments apparaissent intimement liées à une forme de « re-connaissance en acte » donnant des styles d’enseignement variés. D’un point de vue plus général, les résultats valident le modèle « du sujet enseignant » proposé dans le cadre théorique en donnant à l’acte global d’enseignement une signification plus large et au-delà du langage. / This University thesis looks into the work done by teachers in Agri-Sciences and Techniques: how a "sound agricultural practice" is transmitted in a vocational teaching situation. Its aim is to grasp the organisation of the teaching activity in a particularly discretionary context and in various fluctuating situations. The conceptual framework used for this research is at the intersection of Professional Teaching Practice and an extended instrumental approach. The analytical work is based on tangible teaching practices as they were expressed, and takes into account the symbolic dimension of the device used by the teacher. As it bears on one technical element, the observation of the teachers’ activity makes it possible to highlight the various ways they make use of the chosen devices. The results analysis is based on the concept of invariance (both of the subject and the situation), as it was expected from the teacher’s range of devices and also dialectic relation between the concepts of "empowerment" and "self-accomplishment". The variations can be explained by the active process of the person’s identity construction, proceeding from the feeling of personal sense, a feeling each time unique and incessantly renewed: the teacher’s knowledge and cognition, as it is mustered through the devices used, appear to be closely linked to a form of "re-cognition", leading to varied teaching styles. From a more general point of view, the results verify the model of a "teaching person", as it was propositioned in the theoretical framework; it gives the global teaching act a broader meaning that reaches beyond language.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:44:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA HELENA DOS SANTOS ARAUJO.pdf: 1406733 bytes, checksum: f7c948fa6487f851f5ca33ab5994b844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / This research aims to study online teaching, understood from three aspects that complement the guidance of distance education (DE): Brazilian educational policies in confluence with the international economy and the evolution of information and communication technologies (ICT); trends toward industrialization that articulate in their political and pedagogical dimensions; the pedagogical practices in online teaching practices. Beyond the current truism characterized as the unique online teaching the use of technology and media resources, this research considers the online teaching from the constituent elements of the pedagogical work - objectives, contents, methods and forms of organization of teaching - seeking clarify the central question: how the elements of the pedagogical work are configured in online teaching? The general objective was to characterize and analyze the elements which act as constitutive of pedagogical work on DE through mediation of digital technologies. As for didactic and pedagogical concepts, the research was based on the historical-cultural theory, supported mainly Vygotsky, Davydov, Leontiev, Engestrom, Libâneo and others. Regarding educational technologies and distance education, we sought support mainly instrumental approach proposed by Rabardel and also concepts of Toschi, Belloni and Peixoto. Qualitative and exploratory nature, the study was conducted in two stages: a literature review covering the period 2006-2011; and fieldwork, which consisted in the creation, planning and implementation of a distance learning course entitled "Teaching Online", offered in a virtual learning environment (VLE), in order to characterize and analyze what elements are configured as constitutive pedagogical work in online teaching. The instruments of data collection were interviews and observation of the development of the course. The data analysis was to identify and characterize elements of the pedagogical work in progress. The literature review revealed that research on this topic in the Brazilian academy prevail focused on the uses of technology and the features they offer, with strong technological focus and reducing the pedagogical focus. The data from empirical research show that the elements of the pedagogical work in online teaching are indistinguishable from those that characterize classroom teaching, since both have the same requirements of pedagogical and didactic nature, especially as mediated and the interactive nature of the teaching-learning. Fall on online education problems, difficulties and limitations, similar to those found on regular education, especially in regard to the theoretical background of the teacher and the interference of historical and socio-cultural issues in the learning process of students. It is noteworthy, however, that the online education becomes more pronounced fragmentation of teaching and the lack of educational reference for theoretical basis of the work of the teacher. The results concluded from the analysis of the pedagogical work in course Online Teaching allowed to infer that online education is no distinguish from regular education without the mediation of digital technologies with regard to the paradox between pedagogy and didactics. / Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a docência online, compreendida sob três vertentes que se complementam na orientação da educação a distância (EAD): as políticas públicas educacionais brasileiras em confluência com a economia internacional e a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC); as tendências à industrialização que se articulam em suas dimensões política e pedagógica; as ações pedagógicas nas práticas docentes online. Para além da obviedade corrente que caracteriza como singular da docência online a utilização de recursos tecnológicos e midiáticos, nesta pesquisa considera-se a docência online a partir dos elementos constitutivos do trabalho pedagógico objetivos, conteúdos, métodos e formas de organização do ensino buscando esclarecer a questão central: de que forma os elementos constitutivos do trabalho pedagógico se configuram na docência online? O objetivo geral foi caracterizar e analisar os elementos que se configuram como constitutivos do trabalho pedagógico na EAD com recurso à mediação de tecnologias digitais. Quanto aos conceitos didático-pedagógicos, a pesquisa foi fundamentada na teoria histórico-cultural, com apoio principalmente em Vygotsky, Davydov, Leontiev, Engestrom, Libâneo, entre outros. Quanto às tecnologias educacionais e educação a distância, buscou-se apoio principalmente na abordagem instrumental proposta por Rabardel e também em conceitos de Toschi, Belloni, Peixoto. De natureza qualitativa e de caráter exploratório, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: a de revisão bibliográfica, abrangendo o período de 2006 a 2011; e a pesquisa de campo, que consistiu na criação, planejamento e realização de um curso a distância intitulado Docência Online , oferecido em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), a fim de se caracterizar e analisar quais os elementos que se configuram como constitutivos do trabalho pedagógico na docência online. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram as entrevistas e a observação do desenvolvimento do curso. A análise dos dados consistiu em identificar e caracterizar os elementos do trabalho pedagógico no curso. A revisão bibliográfica revelou que as pesquisas sobre esse tema no meio acadêmico brasileiro prevalecem centradas nos usos das tecnologias e nos recursos que elas oferecem, com acentuado foco tecnológico e redução do foco pedagógico. Os dados da pesquisa empírica mostram que os elementos constitutivos do trabalho pedagógico na docência online não se distinguem daqueles que caracterizam a docência presencial, uma vez que ambas apresentam as mesmas exigências de natureza pedagógica e didática, sobretudo quanto ao caráter mediado e interativo do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Recaem sobre a educação online problemas, dificuldades e limitações, semelhantes àquelas que se encontra na educação presencial, sobretudo no que se refere à formação teórica do professor e à interferência de questões históricas e socioculturais no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos. Destaca-se, entretanto, que na educação online se torna mais acentuada a fragmentação do trabalho docente e a ausência de referência teórica pedagógica para fundamentação do trabalho do professor. Os resultados concluídos a partir da análise do trabalho pedagógico realizado no curso Docência Online permitiu inferir que a educação online não se distingue da educação presencial sem a mediação de tecnologias digitais no que diz respeito ao paradoxo entre a pedagogia e a didática.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleusa Leite Lopes.pdf: 615169 bytes, checksum: 0add027faa482acf414ed12b44fc87cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Undergraduate students start the ESP course at university with representations that influence the process of language learning. A more consistent analysis of those representations and their possible changes has motivated this research. This study aimed to investigate the transformations that occurred with the representations of students of a Tourism and Hotel Undergraduate Program. The research was carried out by comparing the previous representations of English language and initial and final representations in order to find out which of them reflected some of the notions of the Language for Specific Purposes approach. This study is grounded on the concepts of Social Representation discussed by Moscovici (2000/2011), Jodelet (1989/2001); language of emotions, by Ekman (2011); Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) approach, of which English for Specific Purposes makes part, discussed by Hutchinson and Waters (1987-1996), Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998) and on The Brazilian ESP Project, by Celani, Holmes, Scott and Ramos (1988), Celani et al. (2005) and Ramos (2005, 2008) and on a brief view of new directions for Specific Purposes research (BELCHER et al., 2011). It is a case study (Stake, 1995) and was developed at a private higher education institution, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were thirteen students enrolled in the Tourism and Hotel Undergraduate Program. The data were collected using one questionnaire at the beginning and one questionnaire at the end of the discipline, one report at the beginning and one report at the end of the discipline, and also by interviewing the students at the end of the discipline. The results showed that there were expressive changes in the students' representations and that the Language for Specific Purposes approach is related to these changes. This research indicates the importance of the teacher s awareness regarding his/her students representations. This comprehension may contribute better classroom management, considering the importance of individuals representations within a social group, in a specific context in which the learning process takes place. It may also provide the student with the possibility of participating in a new experience and, based on that experience, change a situation or a felling that disturbs him/her. I consider these concerns relevant for development process of higher education students as professionals / Os alunos de ensino superior iniciam a disciplina Inglês Instrumental trazendo consigo representações que influenciam o processo de aprendizagem da língua. Uma análise mais consistente dessas representações e suas possíveis mudanças motivou o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi investigar as transformações ocorridas nas representações de alunos universitários matriculados em um Curso Superior de Turismo e Hotelaria, com base na comparação entre as suas representações prévias acerca da língua inglesa, e iniciais e finais acerca da disciplina Inglês Instrumental. Esta pesquisa está fundamentada no conceito de Representação Social (MOSCOVICI, 2011; JODELET, 1989/2001), na linguagem das emoções (EKMAN, 2011), na Abordagem Instrumental, da qual Inglês para Fins Específicos é parte integrante (HUTCHINSON e WATERS, 1987/1996; DUDLEYEVANS e St. JOHN, 1998), no Projeto Ensino de Inglês Instrumental em Universidades Brasileiras, a partir dos autores Celani, Holmes, Scott e Ramos (1988), Celani et al. (2005) e Ramos (2005, 2008), e em um breve panorama das novas direções da pesquisa em ESP (BELCHER et al., 2011). A pesquisa insere-se no quadro metodológico qualitativo, cracterizando-se como um estudo de caso (STAKE, 1995) e foi desenvolvida em uma instituição de educação superior particular, situada em um município da Grande São Paulo. Os participantes foram treze alunos devidamente matriculados no Curso Superior de Turismo e Hotelaria. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários iniciais e finais, relatos iniciais e finais e, também, entrevistas semi-estruturadas ao final da disciplina. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que houve transformações expressivas nas representações dos alunos, decorrentes da abordagem instrumental. Esta pesquisa evidencia a importância do professor conhecer as representações de seus alunos para melhor desenvolver o trabalho em sala de aula à luz da reflexão sobre a importância da representação do indivíduo, enquanto parte de um grupo social, inserido em um contexto específico onde o processo de aprendizagem acontece. Pode, também, propiciar ao aluno a oportunidade de participar de uma experiência nova e, a partir dessa experiência, mudar uma situação ou um sentimento que o incomode. Considero essas preocupações pertinentes ao processo de formação de alunos de nível superior como profissionais

Notre travail de thèse porte sur les usages du tableau numérique interactif (TNI) en milieu scolaire. Nous étudions plus particulièrement les effets cognitifs des trois potentiels pédagogiques du TNI sur l’enseignement-apprentissage d’une discipline scolaire au cycle III de l’école primaire en France. L’étude est conduite en classes de CM1 et de CM2 et porte sur l’enseignement-apprentissage de la notion de fraction. La relation entre l’utilisation du TNI et les effets de ces usages sur l’apprentissage des élèves apparait complexe et soulève beaucoup de questions. Cette complexité provient avant tout de la pluralité des facteurs participant plus ou moins au processus d’enseignement et d’apprentissage. Pour mieux appréhender cette problématique, notre recherche s’est centrée sur l’influence des trois thématiques du TNI : 1. L’interactivité technico-pédagogique supportée par l’usage du TNI ; 2. Les modalités et l’ergonomie de travail impliqué par l’usage du TNI ; 3. Les supports multimodaux visuels et manipulables utilisé sur cet instrument numérique.Cette étude s’appuie sur des éléments théoriques mis en oeuvre dans les recherches dans les domaines de la pédagogie et des didactiques disciplinaires permettant de traiter cette problématique. Nous avons porté notre réflexion, dans un premier temps, sur la notion de médiation en nous appuyant sur l’approche instrumentale selon Rabardel (1995). Les tâches réalisées en classe se font dans un cadre collectif. Nous les analysons, dans un deuxième temps, selon la théorie de l’activité d’Engeström (1987). Nous nous inspirons, enfin, des travaux de Piaget (1948) afin de comprendre le développement et la construction de la notion de fraction chez l’enfant. En outre, dans cette recherche, le TNI n’est pas un instrument isolé des autres éléments existant en classe mais il est un dispositif techno-sémio-pragmatique (Peraya, 1999). De ce point de vue, le TNI réunit trois entités : la technique, la sémiotique et le social. Le TNI est donc vu comme l’ensemble des interactions entre ces trois domaines : technologique, technosocial et système de représentations de l’ordre du sémiocognitif. Les trois champs d’investigation du TNI ont été menés auprès d’un échantillon composé d’élèves et d’enseignants du département du Rhône et Lyon intra-muros à travers des questionnaires, des observations directes sur le terrain, des entretiens et des pré et post tests. L’objectif de pluralité des outils de construction des données était de confronter les avis obtenus afin de s’interroger sur les effets des trois potentiels pédagogiques du TNI sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage de la notion de fraction.Cette recherche montre que le TNI est un instrument très utile pour l’enseignement-apprentissage des fractions. En particulier, nous avons constaté que le TNI favorise les interactions entre les différents acteurs dans la classe et la construction collective des connaissances. Les enseignants ont insisté particulièrement sur l’aide que le TNI apportait au développement relationnel des élèves et facilitait singulièrement la conceptualisation de la notion de fraction. Les supports multimodaux visuels et manipulables du TNI constituent également une aide cognitive pour les élèves dans leur apprentissage. / Our work deals with the use of interactive whiteboard (IWB) in schools. We are particularly interested in the cognitive effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning in Cycle III of primary school in France. The study is conducted in primary classes 4 (CM1) and primary 5 (CM2) and focuses on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.The relationship between the use of IWB and the effects of these practices on student learning appears complex and raises many questions. This complexity comes primarily from the plurality of factors more or less involved in the teaching and learning process. To better understand this issue, our research focuses on the influence of the three themes of the IWB: 1. the technical educational interactivity supported by the use of IWB; 2. the terms and working ergonomics involved by the use of IWB; 3. Visual and manipulated multimodal media used on this digital instrument.This study focuses on theoretical elements used in research in the fields of education and disciplinary teaching to address this problem. We based our thinking, initially, on the notion of mediation by drawing on the instrumental approach according to Rabardel (1995). The tasks done in the classroom are in a collective framework. Secondly, we analyze, according to the theory of activity of Engeström (1987). Finally, we are inspired by the works of Piaget (1948) in order to understand the development and construction of the notion of fractions in children. Besides, in this research, the IWB is not isolated from other existing elements in the class but it is a techno-semiotic-pragmatic device (Peraya, 1999). From this point of view, the IWB meets three entities: the technic, the semiotics and the social. The IWB is seen as the set of interactions between these three areas: technological, technosocial and system of representations of the order of semiocognitif.The three fields of investigation of the IWB were conducted with a sample composed of students and teachers from the department of Rhone through questionnaires, direct field observations, interviews and pre and post testing. The objective of plurality of data construction tools was to confront the opinions obtained in order to consider the effects of three pedagogical potentials of the IWB on the teaching and learning of the concept of fractions.This research shows that IWB is a very useful tool for the teaching and learning of fractions. In particular, we found that the IWB promotes interactions between different actors in the classroom and the collective construction of knowledge. Teachers have particularlyemphasized the assistance the IWB has brought to the relational development of students and the singular facilitation the conceptualization of the concept of fractions. Visual and multimodal media manipulation of the IWB is also a cognitive aid for students in their learning.

Au coeur des problématiques culturelles récentes, les institutions muséales portent un projet de démocratisation culturelle visant la mise en accessibilité de l’art et de l’environnement muséal à une diversité de publics. Appuyée par la loi française de 2002 relative aux musées, ce projet est d'autant plus accentué à destination des enfants et des adolescents avec la mise en place d'une médiation culturelle et d'une diversité d'offres muséales spécifiques. Considéré comme le visiteur de demain, ce jeune public cristallise un ensemble d'attentes et de questionnements auprès des institutions culturelles en termes de connaissance du public, et de leviers pour la fréquentation, la fidélisation de ces espaces et l’accessibilité à l’art. Ces lieux de médiation culturelle représentent une opportunité pour suivre le parcours des visiteurs et comprendre les diverses dynamiques subjectives à l'oeuvre à travers diverses configurations tout en mobilisant le prisme de l'ergonomie : des rencontres avec les oeuvres en situation de visite d'une part, et des activités de création plastiques et narratives en situation d'atelier d'autre part. L'analyse de l'activité dans ces situations constituera une portée d'entrée privilégiée pour explorer et alimenter notre compréhension des traces des activités constructives et du développement afin de les conceptualiser. Ces contributions empiriques et épistémiques permettront de concevoir un ensemble de ressources et d'offres de médiation culturelle adaptées aux activités du jeune public et aux professionnels de la médiation. / At the heart of recent cultural issues, museum institutions implement a cultural democratization project promoting art and museum spaces accessibility to a diversity of audiences. Based on France’s law on museums from 2002, this project is focusing on children and teenagers thanks to the creation of cultural mediation and specific museum offers. Regarded as the visitor of tomorrow, this young audience generates to museums a set of expectations and questionings regarding visitor knowledge, tools for increasing attendance, loyalty and art accessibility. These cultural mediation spaces become an opportunity for tracking visitors' journey and understanding intrinsic points of views. We will study various situations throughout the prism of Ergonomics by highlighting encounters with works of art during a guided tour on one hand, plastic and narratives creation during workshops on the other hand. Activity analysis will be an effective way for exploring and improving our understanding of traces of constructive activities and development in order to conceptualize them. These empirical and theoretical contributions will help developing appropriate resources of cultural mediation offers to young audiences and mediation professionals.

La problématique qui justifie ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le paradigme de l’adéquation formation-emploi au Gabon et les conjectures théoriques qui nous ont permis de traiter de cette problématique s’inscrivent dans le paradigme socio-constructiviste en tant que paradigme épistémologique de la connaissance. En se centrant sur le volet formation, cette problématique fait état des dysfonctionnements dont le corollaire se traduit par un faible rendement scolaire des apprenants. Si toutes-fois ce faible rendement scolaire n’était manifestement plus à démontrer, il n’en demeurait pas moins que la diversité et la complexité des causes possibles n’en facilitaient point la visibilité et la lisibilité des solutions possibles. En se penchant un peu plus du domaine de réalité à partir duquel pouvaient prendre naissance les phénomènes observés et récriminés, il était question en effet d’interroger la situation d’enseignement et d’apprentissage en recherchant tous les liens de causalité ou de corrélation possibles entre la qualité des acquis des élèves et la diversité des facteurs susceptibles de favoriser ces insuffisances. Si cette indétermination nous situait entre : - une évidence des faits et - le souci d’élucidation des facteurs explicatifs, les résultats de notre thèse viennent de montrer avec cohérence et très grande significativité, l’existence d’une similarité entre les niveaux de rendement scolaire préexistants et les niveaux des acquis des élèves issus des dispositifs pédagogiques conçus et mis en œuvre par les enseignants dans les classes technologiques. / The problem which prompted this research work, registers in the adequacy between training and employment in Gabon; and the theoretical conjectures that enabled us to treat these problems are related to socio-constructivism as an epistemological paradigm of knowledge. While focusing on training aspects, these problems mention the dysfunctions whose corollary results in poor learning output. However, if these school poor outputs were obviously debatable, the diversity and the complexity of the possible causes did not facilitate the visibility, and the legibility of the possible solutions. Basing on the field from which the phenomena observed and recriminated originated, it comes out that the teaching and training situation, by searching all the possible causal or correlative links between the learners’ background knowledge and the diversity of factors likely to explain the insufficiencies. If this indetermination proves the facts to be obvious and requires clarification of the incriminated factors, the result of our thesis have just shown with coherence and very great clarification, the existence of a similarity/interdependence between the levels of preexistent school output and the levels of learners’ output resulting from the teaching devices designed and implemented by the teachers in technological classes.