Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-159).

Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés à la détection, la localisation et l'estimation de défauts (capteurs, actionneurs et défauts internes) dans les systèmes modélisés sous forme d'état linéaire et bilinéaire. La méthode que nous proposons, (appelée MPD pour Méthode par Projection des Données), nécessite de connaître la structure du modèle comportemental mais ne nécessite pas de connaître les valeurs des paramètres de ce modèle. Les résidus sont générés par des techniques de projection matricielle en utilisant uniquement les données d'entrées et de sorties mesurées. Cette méthode peut être directement implantée sur des applications de même type sans que les paramètres de chaque système soient identifiés. Cette méthode pourrait donc être très utile pour tester des systèmes en fin de chaîne de fabrication ou pour être implantée sur un parc (groupe) de machines identiques. Elle pourrait être aussi utile pour des systèmes à paramètres difficilement identifiables. Les défauts internes (supposés abrupts et invariants, c'est-à-dire correspondant à un biais constant sur les paramètres) entraînent des dynamiques différentes qui correspondent à des modes de fonctionnement défaillant. Le problème de diagnostic se ramène alors à un problème d'estimation des instants de commutation et de reconnaissance du mode actif à chaque instant. / In this thesis we are interested in detecting, isolating and estimating faults (sensors, actuators and internal faults) in systems modeled as linear and bilinear systems. The method we propose (called MPD Data Projection Method), requires knowledge of the behavioral model structure but does not need to know the parameter values of this model. Residuals are generated by matrix projection techniques using only the input-output measured data. This method can be directly implemented on applications of the same type without the parameter identifications of each system. This method could be very useful for testing systems at the end of the production line or to be located on a park (group) of identical machines. It could also be useful for systems with parameters difficult to identify. Internal faults (assumed abrupt and invariants, that is to say corresponding to a constant bias parameters) lead to different dynamics corresponding to modes of faulty operation. The diagnostic problem then reduces to a problem of estimation of the switching times and recognition of the active mode at each time instant.

The problem in this study was to design, build, and use a projection box to determine if it will help the student to better visualize problems included in descriptive geometry.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Laser-based projection displays have been under active development over last few years. Lasers are considered as the next generation light sources for projection due to advantages including wide color gamut, high brightness, long lifetime and high electric-optic efficiency. However, speckle phenomenon caused by the coherence of lasers can greatly influence the quality of projected images. A cost effective, easy setup and robust speckle reduction system for laser projection is still very challenging. The aim of this thesis is to investigate practical speckle reduction solutions for laser projection system. The system is divided into different modules and for each module, speckle reduction methods are studied. The study includes a low speckle laser source, an optical engine with integrated speckle reduction methods and a low speckle engineered screen. A standard speckle measurement system corresponding to human perception is also presented. For low speckle laser source, a theoretical model that describes wavelength diversity in speckle reduction is established. The speckle contrast ratio (SCR) of the system can be simulated. The result is experimentally verified. Guidelines for optimized wavelength/power selection for lasers to generate reduced speckle are proposed. After this, a low cost, high compact and high-efficiency speckle reduction optical system using an electric elastomer actuator is studied. Both theoretical analysis and experimental work are presented and a SCR as low as 3.7% was achieved. Besides these two parts, an engineered screen that utilizes micro lens array (MLA) which can greatly reduce speckle is studied. A comprehensive theoretical model was established for the simulation and optimization of MLA in speckle reduction. The simulated results agree well with reported values. Guidelines in MLA selection for laser projection are presented. In the last part, a standard measurement setup of speckle in a laser projection system that matches the human perception is studied. Conditions including camera F/#, focal length, integration time and measuring geometry are discussed and suitable setups are proposed. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In this thesis, we study the relationship between radial projections, and orthogonal and minimal projections in l_4^3. Specifically, we calculate the norm of the maximum radial projection and we prove that the hyperplane constant, with respect to the radial projection, is not achieved by a minimal projection in this space. We will also show our numerical results, obtained using computer software, and use them to approximate the norms of the radial, orthogonal, and minimal projections in l_4^3. Specifically, we show, numerically, that the maximum minimal projection is attained for ker{1,1,1} as well as compute the norms for the maximum radial and orthogonal projections.

U.S. water withdrawals have increased slowly since 1980, despite significant growth in the population and economy during this period. This implies that other factors have contributed to offsetting decreases in water withdrawals. The economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) model was used to estimate the total water withdrawal for 135 industrial summary sectors for 1997 and 2002. The change in water withdrawals for the economy from 1997 to 2002 was allocated to changes in five governing factors — population, GDP per capita, water use intensity, production structure, and consumption pattern — using structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The changes in population, GDP per capita and water use intensity increased total water withdrawal, while the changes in production structure and consumption pattern decreased water withdrawals from 1997 to 2002. Consumption pattern change was the largest net contributor to the change in water withdrawals. The counter balancing of these factors is what has kept U.S. water withdrawals relatively constant. To project U.S. water withdrawal for the next 20 years, four scenarios were developed for each of the five governing factors based upon available predictions or historical trends. The total water withdrawals for U.S. 66 aggregated industrial sectors for 2013-2030 were projected using the EIO-LCA model with fixed and changing economic structure, respectively. The structure and consumption pattern were held constant at the 2012 level and the other three factors were varied across time in the EIO-LCA model with fixed economic structure, while all five governing factors were changed across time with changing economic structure. The maximum projected total water withdrawal is 370 trillion gallons for 2030, which is more than 2.5 times the 2005 U.S. water withdrawal, corresponding to a scenario with maximum growth assumptions for all factors considered. The medians of total water withdrawals projected by the models with constant vs. evolving economic structure for 2013-2030 follow a continuous increasing trend, and the projected median values by the two models are comparable. The median of total water withdrawal will reach around 180 trillion gallons in 2030, about 1.2 times the 2005 U.S. water withdrawal. The variance in GDP per capita and water use intensity were the two most significant contributors to the uncertainty in projected total water withdrawals for U.S. industrial sectors. The distinction of consumptive and non-consumptive water use is important for water resource management and assessment of availability and quality of water sources. Consumptive water use coefficients (ratio of consumptive water use to water withdrawal) were estimated by aggregated industrial sectors based on available data. The projected total consumptive water uses for all industrial sectors range from 45-47 trillion gallons in 2013 to 23-51 trillion gallons in 2030 using the EIO-LCA model with fixed economic structure. The median total consumptive water use is projected to grow at an average annual rate of 0.5% during this period. The effects of changes in cooling technology for thermoelectric power generation and irrigation technology for agriculture on changes in consumptive water use for other sectors during 2013-2030 were investigated. Changes in cooling technology do not impact consumptive water use projections for most sectors, but do impact power generation-related sectors. Shifts in irrigation technology do not only affect consumptive water use for agriculture, but also affect significantly the consumptive water use for sectors requiring agricultural products as important supply chain components.