Orientador: Sergio Tonini Button / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T02:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SimoesJunior_JoseMarques_M.pdf: 762946 bytes, checksum: 44d0087a5219f8fa685e4e25e2a1eaa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Ao mesmo tempo em que a globalização torna os mercados mais competitivos, o cliente moderno passa a ter mais opções e a ser mais exigente. É preciso que os Centros de Bioequivalência se adaptem a este novo cenário, de forma a cada vez mais oferecerem produtos com maior qualidade e a preços mais competitivos. Dentre as medidas que podem ser tomadas para racionalizar recursos sem deixar de atender às necessidades da indústria farmacêutica, encontra-se a prática de gerenciamento de projetos. Após a implantação do sistema informatizado foi possível prover agilidade na inclusão e disponibilização de informações para o monitoramento das atividades, seqüenciais e integradas, das etapas de um estudo no momento necessário e na precisão requerida. Uma comparação entre o planejado e o realizado permitiu a medição do desempenho do processo levando em consideração as características de qualidade para o projeto, acordadas com o cliente, e a otimização da capacidade de prover conhecimento e orientações necessárias para o programa de melhoria contínua. / Abstract: At the same time globalization forces national markets to be more competitive, customers have more options of products and services, and therefore become more demand of improved quality and reduced prices. In the pharmaceutical industry as a consequence, bioequivalence centers have to adapt to this relatively new scenery to provide more qualified products with competitive prices and delivery times. To achieve these goals, project management appears to be one of the most important tools to rationalize resources in this industry. This work presents a methodology of project management applied into a bioequivalence center. After the implementation of that methodology by means of a computerized system it was possible to input and make available all the information necessary to monitor the activities in a sequential and integrated way to analyze the process with the required accuracy. A comparison between the planned and executed activities in terms of lead times allowed the evaluation of performance measurements, considering all the quality requirements defined by costumers, and the optimization of the capacity of providing process knowledge and the necessary orientation to continuous improvement programs. / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The South African policy framework on Local Economic Development encourages the establishment of community-based projects in an attempt to address the challenges posed by poverty in local communities. It appears that community-based projects have a role to play in poverty alleviation. Municipalities are supposed to encourage and support the establishment of projects aimed at poverty alleviation in their jurisdictions. The Mbombela Local Municipality has played its role in this regard by supporting the establishment of the Daantjie Bakery Project in 2000. In an attempt to evaluate the impact of community-based projects on poverty alleviation, this study investigated the role played by the Daantjie Bakery Project in local economic development of the Daantjie local community in the Mbombela Local Municipality. Participants included community members of Daantjie, employees of the bakery, and the project manager. The study found that, indeed community-based projects play a role in local economic development since they contribute towards employment creation and poverty alleviation.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The aim of the study was to examine the public private partnership in Lekgalammetse Nature Reserve, which was championed by the Limpopo Tourism Agency under the banner of Limpopo Economic Development Environment and Tourism Department after the protected land was placed under restitution process. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the partnership which was created has the capacity to enhance the socio-economic development of the claimants and the adjacent communities in the area where the nature reserve is situated. Land restitution process in case of an area declared protected area by law; says that there will not be physical occupation by the claimants in terms of section 42 of the Land Restitution Act. Therefore the only way that the claimants can benefit from the land, is to become land owners and partner in terms of activities that take place in the protected area for social and economic benefits. A public private partnership was recognised as a potential vehicle for social, economical and environmental well being of both parties. However the developmental prospects of the partnership were unknown and overestimated. Views from the study as well as the literature review support the assertions that in this type of land claim, a public private partnership is the best way to go about developing the claimants and the adjacent communities. The review also highlighted the importance of a partnership in a protected area and its benefits, especially in developing the adjacent communities. Thus the role of the community in participating in their development and of the protected area was the main focus of this study. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data using interviews and a questionnaire. The study concluded by providing recommendations to stakeholders of Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve on how to improve their partnership relations. Some of the recommendations proposed are to involve a private partner to enhance development in the area; there should be provided with a coordinated and proper management, develop a capacity building tool to improve the co-management function and create an environment where all partners are equal in the partnership. The correct implementation of the Performance Management System will serve as a means to enhance organizational efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the use of resources in accelerating access to good quality services and a better life for all. A well balanced partnership has a potential to increase community benefits and maximize the conservation of the biodiversity of the area.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000. / "February 2000." / Includes bibliographical references. / Three studies were conducted to analyze the relationship between public infrastructure investment and regional economic performance. The first study examines the literature on economic development and productivity growth. I show that conflicting results from studies by other analysts are the likely result of poor public capital data spanning to short an interval, and an inadequate modeling framework. Public investment may generate small improvements in productivity, but models understate economic impacts owing to the public goods character of some forms of public capital. The second study explores the relationship between economic distress and public infrastructure investment. I use a sample of U.S. counties to analyze public investment according to level of economic distress. With simple investment models, I estimated infrastructure needs for counties with apparent shortfalls. I analyzed the needs-estimates in a series of case studies in which jurisdiction planning and budget personnel were consulted about the accuracy of the estimates. I show that short-run economic distress is not to be linked to public infrastructure investment. Over the long-run, investment varies by level of distress, but as a consequence of private residential investment. The needs-estimating models were reasonably accurate, but missing investment data proved troublesome. Counties proved to be a poor unit of analysis for infrastructure needs, as since significant variation was observed among jurisdictions within counties. The third study demonstrates the need for better estimates of public infrastructure capital stock. I prepared new capital stock estimates for two regions using local investment data and survey-based public capital service lives. I surveyed one thousand jurisdictions in the New England region and the state of Texas. Survey-based service-lives seem to differ significantly from estimated lives. Stock estimates using local investment data and survey-based service-lives produce dramatic differences compared to estimated stocks at the state and regional level. The new data, however, performed just as poorly as other series when used to estimate aggregate production functions. Prior analysts' understanding the relationship between economic performance and public infrastructure investment has been limited because of poor data, and inadequate appreciation of infrastructure's inherent complexity. The research presented here demonstrates that significant improvements are possible and worth undertaking. / by Nicholas O. Rockler. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 244-248. / by Angelito Feliciano Santos. / M.C.P.

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Mariotoni / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agapito_CassianoAugusto_M.pdf: 873706 bytes, checksum: 7857de431ef19393521f03474f7ecdad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo é explorar os caminhos da expansão da geração no setor elétrico brasileiro. Com uma avaliação econômica das diferentes opções de projetos selecionados através da simulação de Tarifas de Equilíbrio, este estudo busca analisar a competitividade das fontes renováveis de geração no mercado brasileiro de energia elétrica e o impacto da evolução dos conceitos da economia ambiental e a colocação destes conceitos em prática através da alteração da legislação vigente. Através de uma pesquisa com especialistas são levantados os dados necessários para elaboração dos modelos econômico-financeiros individuais de cada fonte. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa mostram que as fontes renováveis devem manter participação elevada na expansão do sistema, e o novo paradigma ambiental deve elevar essa superioridade ainda mais. / Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the ways of expansion of generation in the Brazilian electricity sector. With an economic evaluation of different options for selected projects through the simulation of Rates of balance, this study aims to analyze the competitiveness of renewable generation in the Brazilian electricity market and the impact of the development of concepts of environmental economics and putting these concepts into practice by amending the existing legislation. Through a search specialists are raised with the data necessary to produce economic and financial models of each individual source. The results of the research show that renewable sources must maintain high participation in the expansion of the system, and the new paradigm environmental superiority that should raise even more. / Mestrado / Recursos Hidricos, Energeticos e Ambientais / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Orientador: Luís Gonzaga Trabasso / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T13:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LeonardoMeloda_M.pdf: 2250265 bytes, checksum: 57d03a7aff8e2896a356e7bfa787db09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Desde 1944, quando a teoria dos jogos teve o seu primeiro trabalho publicado pelo então jovem cientista John Von Neumann, os campos de aplicação vem crescendo em larga escala ano apos ano. No inicio, a teoria que foi amplamente utilizada para prever comportamentos macroeconômicos, avançou gradativamente para as áreas da computação, biologia e sociologia. Trabalhos como o de John Maynard Smith relatados em seu livro Evolution and the Theory of Games e o de Robert Trivers relatado em The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism foram muito bem sucedidos em aplicar a teoria dos jogos para explicar o comportamento de indivíduos quando eles estão inseridos em situações de conflito de interesses dentro de uma sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor a aplicação da teoria dos jogos no ambiente empresarial abordando o individuo como proposto por Smith e Trivers. Contudo, a sociedade analisada no caso, se trata de uma empresa e mais especificamente um time de projetos. Essa aplicação difere daquela considerada por Von Neumann, que analisa os agentes macroeconômicos. Entender as motivações, interesses individuais e as relações entre os componentes de um time de projeto e fundamental para o sucesso do projeto e este trabalho propõe um método para identificar e medir essas características de cada projeto. O método consiste de uma avaliação das metas departamentais e decisões de projeto, utilizando a teoria dos jogos para verificar o nível de alinhamento entre elas e identificando os possíveis focos de resistência dentro do time de projeto. Para os casos onde não ha metas departamentais definidas o método sugere um meio para definição, balanceado também através da teoria dos jogos e orientados pelo método Balanced Scorecard. Esse método foi aplicado em uma empresa multinacional de grande porte do setor automobilístico e os resultados apresentados nesse trabalho claramente apontam situações de conflito de interesses alimentadas por metas, que deveriam funcionar como motivadores, mas que acabam por dificultar o andamento dos projetos inseridos em grandes estruturas organizacionais / Abstract: Since 1944, when it was published the first book by John Von Neumann about Game Theory, the application field is growing very fast year after year. At the begin the theory was widely used to predict Macroeconomics behavior but nowadays there are several studies in different areas as biology, sociology and computational engineering. John Maynard Smith in the book Evolution and the Theory of Games and Robert Trivers in the paper The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism were successful to use the Game Theory concept to explain the individuals behavior in conflict situations when they are living in society. This thesis aims to propose a new application of the Game Theory inside the Organizational environment using the same concept adopted by Smith and Trivers, but using a project team as studied society. In order to lead a successful project is indispensable to understand the motivation and interests of each team component, the goal of this thesis is to provide a method to identify and measure the project cooperation characteristics. The method consists in a department targets and project decisions analysis and than the utilization of the Game Theory to check the predisposition for cooperation, allowing the project manager to plan countermeasures to avoid those problems when cooperation behavior is not detected. The method includes also a way to balance department targets when it is allowed or when there is no defined targets. The proposed method was applied in a Multinational company of the Automobile industry and the results presented in this thesis show very clear conflict situations incited by departments targets which could be detected and controlled by the proposed method / Mestrado / Projetos / Mestre em Engenharia Automobilistica

After 18 years of democracy South African government is still faced with challenges such as high levels of unemployment, inequality and high levels of poverty. There have been various policies, poverty alleviation programmes and projects that have been established in an effort to eradicate poverty. According to Gathiram (2005: 123) despite these efforts, poverty in South Africa has worsened. The challenge has been that a number of such projects have not been properly implemented and as a result, they were not sustainable. This paper investigates the reasons for some of these poverty alleviation projects to be successful and others to be apparently unsustainable. The research focuses on two poverty alleviation projects in Chris Hani District Municipality. The research methodology used is descriptive study. The findings of this report revealed that some of poverty alleviation projects are sustainable and some are not sustainable. The study reveals factors contributing to sustainability of poverty alleviation projects. The study recommends the sustainable development approach as an approach that can assist in the sustainability of poverty alleviation projects.

Amongst other socio-economic challenges that South Africa has, unemployment still remains high; in July 2010 unemployment was at 25.3 percentage and in July 2011 it was at 25.7 percentage ; in a space of a year it grew by 0.4 percentage (Trading Economics, 2012). Even though South Africa has made some significant progress with its democracy; there is still significant socioeconomic problems. Poverty, lack of economic empowerment among the disadvantaged groups are amongst and lack of proper education are amongst some of these pressing challenges in South Africa. More than a quarter of South Africa's population currently receives social grants (Index mundi, 2011). The Eastern Cape Province is still faced with significant socio-economic challenges such as high unemployment rate. 74 percentage unemployed are the economically active group as they are under the age of 35 (ECDC, 2011:22). “More than a quarter (26.4 percentage) of households in the Eastern Cape relies on government grants as their main source of income. Nationally, the youth unemployment rate is estimated to be close to 35 percentage, with more than three million young people out of work. Youth unemployment in the Eastern Cape averages 41.4 percentage. This is more than twice the adult unemployment rate (18.4 percent). A total of 695,175 young people have been without work every year in the Eastern” (ECDC, 2010-2011: 23). Besides, this province has a third largest number of people who are living with HIV/AIDS in the country. These statistics have a major significance on the province’s economic prospects and progress (ECDC, 2010-2011:22). The RSA Constitution 1996, the White Paper on Local Government 1998 has mandated local governments to facilitate LED. South Africa adopted LED as a way of fighting poverty and stimulating economic growth and development for local residents. LED is promoting skills development, SMMEs and tourism to encourage economic development. However the success of LED has received mixed views in that; some successes of LED were recorded in urban or metropolitan municipalities. Few successes have been recorded of LED projects in rural municipalities. Some of the constraints of LED consist of capacity problems within the municipalities, understanding the role of LED in the municipality and lack of funding. In Makana Municipality, about 23 percentage of households live below poverty line of (R800.00 – R9600 a year). Most of the population earns between R801.00-R1600.00 per month with 24.7 percentage. A mere 0.6 percentage earn R204801.00 or more compared to 12.7 percentage with no income. Inadequate infrastructure poses as a threat to attracting and retaining investment in this municipality. In light of the above paragraphs, this thesis evaluated the impact assessment of the LED projects within Makana Municipality. The premise of this thesis is that realization and significant support of LED projects would impact positively on unemployment and poverty rate that this municipality is facing and subsequently; the burden of unemployment and poverty will be reduced in the region, province and country.

A crise financeira mundial de 2008 associada a fatores intrínsecos adversos afetou fortemente o setor sucroalcooleiro nacional, até então em franca expansão. Ainda que em um momento desfavorável, prevê-se, para um futuro próximo, a retomada dos investimentos no setor, em virtude do aumento da demanda, tanto interna quanto externa, de açúcar e etanol. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do trabalho é avaliar o valor da opção de adiamento, através da análise de opções reais, em projetos de produção de cana-de-açúcar em regiões de grande aptidão à expansão da cultura canavieira: Goiatuba/GO, Maracaju/MS e Uberaba/MG. Os resultados indicam que, sob a ótica da avaliação tradicional de projetos, os três projetos de produção de cana-de-açúcar mostram-se inviáveis, com VPLs de -R$ 4.726.546,86 em Goiatuba/GO, -R$ 3.251.006,50 em Maracaju/MS, enquanto em Uberaba/MG o resultado foi negativo em R$ 3.918.210,03. Através de uma análise de sensibilidade, detecta-se que, para as três regiões, as principais variáveis sujeitas a risco, consideradas no estudo, a afetar o resultado dos projetos são: produtividade, quantidade de ATR e preço de ATR. Essas variáveis são utilizadas para, através da Simulação de Monte Carlo, auferir os desvios-padrão dos retornos dos VPLs de cada projeto, a partir dos quais são calculados os parâmetros para construção de modelo binomial utilizado para valorar a opção de adiamento. Os valores apurados da opção de adiamento para cada região são de R$ 12.774.411,36 para Goiatuba/GO, R$ 2.514.292,71 para Maracaju/MS e R$ 76.086,52 para Uberaba/MG. Quando somados os valores da opção para cada região aos seus respectivos VPLs são apurados os VPLs expandidos: R$ 8.047.864,50 para Goiatuba/GO, R$ -736.713,79 para Maracaju/MS e R$ -3.842.123,50 em Uberaba/MG. Ademais, são definidos os pontos de inflexão das variáveis sujeitas a risco consideradas no trabalho para critério de rejeição dos projetos, tanto na avaliação tradicional de projetos quanto na avaliação a partir das opções reais. Os resultados indicam que a análise de opções reais como critério para rejeição de projetos tende a ser mais maleável em relação às variáveis sujeitas a risco quando comparada à avaliação tradicional de projetos, admitindo menores valores de produtividade, quantidade de ATR e preço do ATR, bem como suportando maiores preços de terra e de custos com corte, carregamento e transporte (CCT) de cana. Não obstante, os VPLs expandidos apontam que o projeto de Goiatuba/GO não deve ser rejeitado, mantendo-se como uma opção de investimento futuro; quanto a Maracaju/MS, a consideração da opção de adiamento na avaliação de projetos não foi suficiente, por si só, para reverter o resultado negativo do VPL tradicional; contudo, pequenos incrementos em variáveis de risco intrínsecas à atividade poderiam tornar o VPL expandido superior a zero, viabilizando o projeto como opção futura de investimento. No caso de Uberaba/MG, o baixo valor da opção de adiamento associado ao já deprimido VPL tradicional leva à rejeição do projeto como opção de investimento futuro. / The global financial crisis in 2008 associated to adverse intrinsic aspects affected significantly the sugarcane sector in Brazil, which was expanding notably until that time. Even though it is in an unfavorable moment, it is forecasted, in a near future, the rebound of investments in the sector, due to the increase of both domestic and international demands for sugar and ethanol. In this scenario, the objective of this study is to evaluate the value of the deferred option, through the analysis of real options, in projects of sugarcane production in regions that have great ability to expand the sugarcane production in Brazil: Goiatuba (Goiás), Maracaju (Mato Grosso do Sul) and Uberaba (Minas Gerais). The results indicate that, regarding the perspective of the traditional evaluation of projects, the three projects of sugarcane production are not viable, with NPVs of -4,726,546.86 reais (Brazilian currency) in Goiatuba (Goiás State), -3,251,006.50 reais in Maracaju (Mato Grosso do Sul State) and - 3,918,210.03 reais in Uberaba (Minas Gerais State). Through a sensitivity analysis, it was discovered that, for the three regions, the major variables subject to risk considered in the study that can affect the results of the projects are: productivity, quantity of TRS (Total Recoverable Sugar) and TRS price. These variables are used to, through the Monte Carlo Simulation, detect the standard deviations of the NPVs\' returns of each project, from which the parameters to construct a binomial model used to value the deferred option are calculated. The values for the deferral option in each region are 12,774,411.36 reais in Goiatuba, 2,514,292.71 reais in Maracaju and 76,086.52 reais in Uberaba. When the option values in each region are added to their respective NPVs, the result is the expanded NPVs: 8,047,864.50 reais in Goiatuba, 736,713.79 reais in Maracaju and -3,842,123.50 reais in Uberaba. Moreover, the inflection points of variables subject to risk considered in the study are defined for both the traditional projects\' evaluation and the evaluation from real options. The results indicate that the analysis of real options as a standard to reject projects tends to be more flexible regarding variables subject to risk when compared to the traditional evaluation of projects, admitting lower values of productivity, TRS amount and TRS price, and accepting higher land prices and costs with cutting, loading and transportation of sugarcane. Nevertheless, expanded NPVs indicate that the project in Goiatuba must not be rejected, continuing as an option of future investment; as for Maracaju, considering the deferred option in the project\'s evaluation was not enough, on its own, to revert the negative result of the traditional NPV; however, slight increases in risk variables intrinsic to the activity could make the expanded NPV higher than zero, enabling the project as a future investment option. Concerning Uberaba, the low value of the deferred option associated to the already reduced traditional NPV takes to the rejection of the project as a future investment option.