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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Estudo de otimização das condições da fermentação para produção de ácido propiônico por Propionibacterium acidipropionici utilizando xarope de cana-de-açúcar / Optimization study of fermentation conditions for propionic acid production with Propionibacterium acidipropionici using sugarcane syrup

Calderón, Luige Armando Llerena, 1986- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T20:10:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calderon_LuigeArmandoLlerena_M.pdf: 3485086 bytes, checksum: 33f779fcd9679f472303314b64f35d8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O ácido propiônico possui grande importância para a economia devido às suas diversas aplicações nas indústrias químicas e alimentícias. Atualmente, ele é produzido a partir de derivados do petróleo, mas as atuais preocupações ambientais relacionadas às emissões de carbono provenientes de fontes fósseis tornam a sua produção por rotas biológicas e fontes renováveis um processo cada vez mais atraente. O ácido propiônico também pode ser produzido a partir do metabolismo heterofermentativo da Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Embora existam diversos estudos que visem à otimização do processo de produção de ácido propiônico por rotas biológicas, ainda não existe nenhum processo eficiente que possa ser escalonado a um nível industrial. Consequentemente, o foco deste trabalho está no uso de ferramentas de planejamento experimental para a produção de ácido propiônico a partir de xarope de cana-de-açúcar (caldo de cana-de-açúcar concentrado), levando-se em conta três respostas de extrema importância para este bioprocesso: rendimento, produtividade volumétrica e a resposta de menor formação de ácido succínico (RMS). Na primeira parte do trabalho foi realizada a adequação de um método cromatográfico para a quantificação dos açúcares presentes no xarope de cana-de-açúcar, a identificação da linhagem P. acidipropionici ATTC 4875 como a mais adequada para a produção de ácido propiônico e o estudo do papel do extrato de levedura como fonte de nitrogênio para o meio de cultura. Utilizando-se o delineamento experimental Plackett & Burman, foram estudados 8 fatores com o objetivo de avaliar a sua importância no processo. Dos 8 fatores, três (temperatura, concentração de extrato de levedura e concentração de xarope de cana-de-açúcar) foram selecionados por apresentarem influência significativa no processo de produção de ácido propiônico. Em uma segunda etapa, utilizando um delineamento composto central rotacional (DCCR), foram determinados os valores ótimos desses fatores como sendo 35 ºC de temperatura, 22 g/L de extrato de levedura e 54 g/L de concentração de xarope de cana-de-açúcar. Com estas condições, obteve-se um rendimento de 47% (m/m), uma produtividade volumétrica de 0,89 g/L. h e uma RMS de 94%. Estes resultados significaram um incremento de 5%, 196% e 8% no rendimento, na produtividade volumétrica e na RMS, respectivamente, quando comparados à condição de cultivo inicial / Abstract: Propionic acid is of great importance for economy because of its variety of applications in the chemical and food industries. It is currently produced from petroleum, but due to environmental concerns related to carbon emissions from fossil fuels the production based on renewable biological routes is becoming more attractive. Propionic acid can be produced through the heterofermentative metabolism of Propionibacterium acidipropionici. Despite the existence of several studies aimed at optimization of propionic acid production through biological routes, no efficient process that can be scaled up to an industrial level has been developed yet. Consequently, the goal of this project is the use of chemometric tools for the production of propionic acid from sugar cane syrup (concentrated sugar cane juice), taking into account three responses of extreme importance to an industry level process: yield, volumetric productivity and the response of lowest succinic acid formation (RMS). The first steps were the adaptation of a chromatography method for the quantification of sugars present in sugar cane syrup, the identification of strain P. acidipropionici ATCC 4875 as the most suitable organism for propionic acid production and the role of yeast extract as a nitrogen source in the culture medium. Using the experimental design method, developed by Plackett and Burman, 8 factors were evaluated to assess their importance in the process. Three of these eight factors (temperature, yeast extract concentration and sugar cane syrup concentration) were selected because of their significant influence on propionic acid production. In a second step, central composite design (CCD) was used to determine the optimum values of these factors, being 35°C for temperature, 22 g/L of yeast extract and 54 g/L of sugar cane syrup. Under these conditions, a yield of 47% (w/w), a volumetric productivity of 0.89 g/L. h and a RSM of 94% were obtained. These results represented an increase of 5%, 196% and 8% in yield, volumetric productivity and RMS, respectively, compared to the initial culture condition / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
22

Estudo genético e metabólico da bactéria Propionibacterium acidipropionici / Genetic and metabolic study of Propionibacterium acidipropionici

Grassi, Maria Carolina de Barros, 1984- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira, Johana Rincones Perez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T01:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grassi_MariaCarolinadeBarros_D.pdf: 11791511 bytes, checksum: e41c1f0116c9c3dcfd0795e255f117a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
23

Tuberculosis: Prospects for an Oral Vaccine Using Novel Antigens and Adjuvants

Hitchick, Nola January 2006 (has links)
In spite of vaccine and treatment strategies, Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more than 3 people per minute. The emergence of drug-resistant strains makes treating the disease complicated and expensive for government health departments, and unpleasant and laborious for patients. The current vaccine, parenterally administered BCG, is only 50% effective. Oral vaccination has the advantage of targeting the mucosal immune system, which acts at the direct site of initial exposure to the infecting airborne pathogen. In addition, oral vaccines are cheaper and safer to administer than parenteral vaccines. This dissertation provides a conceptual framework for the prevention of the disease by means of oral vaccination and outlines methods that were developed for the production of concentrated purified somatic and extracellular antigens. Immune responses to somatic antigens were also examined in conjunction with established and novel adjuvants. The role of Propionibacterium jensenii 702 as a suitable mucosal adjuvant was supported by the results obtained. / Masters Thesis
24

Visualisering av mikroorganismer i hårfolliklar från patienter med follikulit / Visualizationof Microorganisms in Hair Follicles from Patients with Folliculitis

Berg, Johanna January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
25

Characterisation of antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes from acne vulgaris and other diseases /

Oprica, Cristina, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
26

Příprava nanočástic a nanovláken a jejich využití v přípravcích proti akné / Preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibers for application in anti-acne products

Tilšarová, Kamila January 2018 (has links)
The diploma thesis was focused on the preparation and characterization of nanoparticles and nanofibres with active substances from chosen herbs with the aim to apply this materials to the products against acne. Various types of extracts were tested on the content of polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidation activity. These extracts were encapsulated to the liposomes and fibres of polyhydroxybutyrate. Prepared liposomes and fibres were tested mainly on antioxidation activity and antimicrobial activity against the strain Propionibacterium acnes. Then, liposomes were applied to cosmetic emulsions. These creams reported high antioxidation activity and excellent stability determined by analytical centrifugation. Prepared nanofibres also reported high antioxidation activity and antimicrobial effect as well. Finally, particles and fibres were tested in contact with human cells. In appropriate concentration, there was no cytotoxic effect and tested materials can be used in applications on problems with acne.
27

The Influence of Amounts of Propionibacterium Shermanii on Eye Formation and Flavor of Cheese

Turner, Dan G. 01 May 1953 (has links)
Swiss cheese has been rightly called "king of the cheeses." It has been prized the world over for its stately appearance and sweet "hazelnut" flavor. In grading Swiss cheese, these two things,appearance and flavor, are important considerations in determining the cheese score. Appearance is judges according to the number, type, and size of eyes present in the cheese, with color and body and texture also considered. Flavor is judges according to the degree of sweetness and the amount and kinds of off flavors present. In the past, there has been considerable variation in the quality of the Swiss cheese produces. Causes of this variation were little understood, since wide ranges in grades of cheese were obtained from seemingly similar milk and manufacturing precedures. Technique has been greatly improved by research conducted in both private industry and experiment stations. Much has been done to produce beneficial effects in the cheese, and to reduce detrimental effects. One question, still debated, is the amount of eye forming bacteria necessary to produce the best eye formation. Propionibacterium shermanii, by its production of carbon dioxide, is thought to be the most important bacteria in producing the eyes. Some Swiss cheese makers see no necessity in adding prepared culture of E. shermanii to their milk. They allow the milk to become "seeded" from organisms already present in the vets and on the equipment. Other cheese makers add small amounts of prepared cultures of T. shermanii, whil still others add rather large quantities. Procedure varies from plant to plant. Propionic acid and acetic acid are also produced in the life processes of P. shermanii. These two acids are important factors in the development of flavor in Swiss cheese. Therefore, a change in the amount of P. shermanii in the Swiss cheese, and the subsequent effect on eye formation and flavor. It is the purpose of this experiment to determine the general effects that variations in the size of the inoculation of P. shermanii will produce on eye formation and flavor development. The effects, if any, of the three milk treatments mentioned above will also be noted.
28

Suivi de l'ATP et des protéines du biofilm dans un bioréacteur a lit fluidisé fermentant un perméat de lactosérum reconstitué /

Bertrand, Martin, January 2002 (has links)
Thèse (M.Ress.Renouv.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
29

Expressão da xilose isomerase de Propionibacterium acidipropionici em Saccharomyces cerevisiae visando a produção de etanol de segunda geração / Expression of a xylose isomerase from Propionibacterium acidipropionici in Saccharomyces cerevisiae aiming the production of lignocellulosic ethanol

Temer, Beatriz, 1988- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T16:05:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Temer_Beatriz_M.pdf: 9784134 bytes, checksum: 1bdd018cb932c19745ec5d68cf0f0755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Um dos principais desafios a serem superados para que a produção de etanol lignocelulósico seja viável é a obtenção de um micro-organismo capaz de fermentar pentoses e hexoses de maneira eficiente. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae é o principal micro-organismo utilizado nas fermentações industriais, devido à sua alta eficiência no consumo de glicose e tolerância às altas concentrações de etanol. Entretanto, linhagens selvagens dessa levedura não são capazes de consumir pentoses naturalmente. Desta maneira, a expressão heteróloga de genes que possibilitem o consumo de pentoses em S. cerevisiae é uma abordagem interessante que vem sendo desenvolvida por diversos grupos de pesquisa. A xilose é o açúcar de cinco carbonos presente em maior porcentagem nos materiais lignocelulósicos e é consumida pelos organismos através de duas vias principais, a via da xilose isomerase (XI) e a via oxi-redutiva. A bactéria Propionibacterium acidipropionici, industrialmente interessante por produzir ácido propiônico, foi estudada neste trabalho com relação à sua capacidade de consumir xilose. A partir dos ensaios de fermentação realizados, foi possível comprovar que ela é capaz de consumir este açúcar na msma proporção que a glicose. A análise de dados genômicos de P. acidipropionici indicou que a via da XI é a utilizada para o consumo de xilose. Assim, o gene xylA, que codifica a XI de P. acidipropionici, foi expresso em uma linhagem industrial de S. cerevisiae. Após a realização de testes fermentativos foi possível constatar que a linhagem construída não apresentou consumo de xilose. Apesar da expressão do gene xylA ser comprovada, não foi possível detectar atividade enzimática da XI, resultados que fornecem indícios de que a proteína pode não estar sendo sintetizada ou, caso esteja sendo sintetizada, não é funcional. Mais de 36 XIs provenientes de organismos diferentes já foram expressas em S. cerevisiae, dentre essas apenas 12 foram funcionalmente expressas. As causas da não funcionalidade na maioria das tentativas de expressão heteróloga das XIs são desconhecidas. Entretanto, alguns trabalhos afirmam que esse fenômeno pode estar relacionado ao enovelamento incorreto da xilose isomerase em S. cerevisiae. Desta forma, a expressão de genes que codificam chaperonas específicas é uma estratégia promissora para a obtenção de uma xilose isomerase funcional / Abstract: One of the main challenges to be overcome to enable the production of lignocellulosic ethanol is the development of a microorganism capable of fermenting pentoses and hexoses efficiently. Currently the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main microorganism used in industrial fermentations due to its high efficiency in glucose uptake and tolerance to high concentrations of ethanol; however, it is not able to consume pentoses naturally. Thus the heterologous expression of genes that allow the pentose consumption in S. cerevisiae is an interesting approach that has been developed by several research groups. Xylose is the main component in lignocellulosic biomass, and is consumed by organisms through two main pathways, the xylose isomerase (XI) pathway and the oxy-reductive pathway. The bacterium Propionibacterium acidipropionici is industrially interesting for its production of propionic acid, and was studied in this work with respect to its ability to consume xylose. Fermentation assays conducted proved that these bacteria can consume xylose in the same proportion as glucose. The analysis of genomic data from P. acidipropionici indicated that the XI pathway is used to ferment xylose, in this manner the xylA gene encoding this species XI was expressed in an industrial strain of S. cerevisiae. After conducting fermentation tests it was found that the strain developed was not able to consume xylose even though the XI gene was expressed in the yeast. Moreover, it was not possible to detect enzymatic activity of XI, indicating that the protein is probably not being synthesized or it is not functional. Over 36 XIs from different organisms have been expressed in S. cerevisiae, among these only 12 were functionally expressed. The causes of non-functionality in most attempts at heterologous expression of the XIs are unknown, however, some studies claim that this event may be related to the absence of chaperones, which assist the correct folding of proteins. Thus the expression of genes that encode specific chaperone is a promising strategy to obtain functional expression of these XIs / Mestrado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Mestra em Genética e Biologia Molecular
30

Estudo do metabolismo aeróbico da bactéria anaeróbica facultativa Propionibacterium acidipropionici / Characterization of the aerobic metabolism of the facultative anaerobe Propionibacterium acidipropionici

Bassalo, Marcelo Colika, 1989- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T08:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bassalo_MarceloColika_M.pdf: 8530833 bytes, checksum: 675d7e6b45b1284552a7e3f9939d929a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A sociedade atual é fundamentalmente dependente do petróleo, recurso natural inserido na grande maioria dos setores da economia. Entretanto, fatores como a limitada disponibilidade deste recurso, sua instabilidade no mercado devido a problemas de natureza geopolítica e a emissão de dióxido de carbono ocasionada pela utilização deste combustível, acentuaram as iniciativas para substituir o petróleo por fontes alternativas e renováveis de matéria prima. A bactéria Propionibacterium acidipropionici surge como uma excelente candidata para a substituição de compostos petroquímicos, através da produção do ácido propiônico. No entanto, antes de transformar esta bactéria em uma plataforma industrial, é necessário aprofundar a compreensão do metabolismo deste microrganismo e desenvolver ferramentas de manipulação genética. No que diz respeito à compreensão do metabolismo, poucos estudos avaliaram o perfil aeróbico desta bactéria, considerada anaeróbica estrita até recentemente. No presente trabalho, foi identificada nesta bactéria a presença de todos os componentes de uma cadeia transportadora de elétrons. No entanto, a citocromo c oxidase identificada apresenta-se mutada e os testes realizados confirmaram a não funcionalidade deste complexo. A existência de uma oxidase alternativa, a citocromo bd oxidase, caracterizada pela alta afinidade ao oxigênio, surge então como uma hipótese promissora acerca da microaerofilia desta bactéria. O trabalho também avaliou o perfil fermentativo dessa bactéria em condições aeróbicas com diferentes fontes de carbono, o que ressaltou a enorme flexibilidade metabólica apresentada por P. acidipropionici, capaz de redirecionar o fluxo de carbono para diferentes produtos finais a depender da necessidade de manutenção do balanço redox. Este estudo também revelou uma propriedade bastante peculiar e industrialmente relevante do xarope de cana-de-açúcar. A fermentação aeróbica com este substrato, ao contrário de todas as outras fontes de carbono, apresentou um crescimento superior ao das condições anaeróbicas e, adicionalmente, exibiu um perfil fermentativo próximo ao observado em ausência de oxigênio. A identificação do composto presente no xarope de cana-de-açúcar, responsável por simular o metabolismo anaeróbico, poderia viabilizar a produção do ácido propiônico em dornas de fermentação aeróbicas, o que traria enormes benefícios para a produção economicamente viável do ácido propiônico e na implementação de P. acidipropionici como uma plataforma industrial / Abstract: The dependence of contemporary society on petroleum is axiomatic, and this natural resource could be found intrinsically embedded in the vast majority of economic sectors. Nonetheless, the limited availability of this natural resource, the instability in the stock market due to geopolitical problems, and also the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the use of fossil fuels have highlighted the need to search for renewable energy sources. The bacteria Propionibacterium acidipropionici arises as an excellent strategy for the substitution of petrochemical compounds, through the production of propionic acid. Before we could implement this bacterium as an industrial platform, however, it becomes necessary to enhance the knowledge regarding the metabolism of P. acidipropionici, and thus create a backbone for the development of genetic manipulation tools. Regarding the metabolism of this bacterium, there aren't comprehensive studies about its aerobic metabolism, thus being considered strict anaerobes until recently. In the present work, it was identified that P. acidipropionici has all required components for a functional electron transport chain. However, the cytochrome c oxidase of this bacterium has a frameshift mutation, and the functional studies proved that this complex is not operative. The presence of an alternative oxidase of high oxygen affinity, called cytochrome bd oxidase, is then suggested as a hypothesis to explain the microaerofilic habit of this bacterium. This work has also shed light into the fermentative profile showed by this bacterium under aerobic cultivation with different carbon sources, bringing attention to the highly flexible metabolism of P. acidipropionici. This bacterium has shown to be capable of completely changing its carbon flux to different end products, as a strategy to maintain the redox balance. In addition, this work has also unveiled an interesting and industrially-relevant property of the sugar cane syrup. It was demonstrated that the aerobic cultivation of P. acidipropionici with sugar cane syrup increased the culture growth, as well as it changed the fermentation end products in a way more similar to the anaerobic cultivation. It was hypothesized that this unusual property found in the sugar cane syrup was due to the presence of a mineral compound that could be used as a final electron acceptor by P. acidipropionici. The identification of this specific compound would allow the aerobic production of propionic acid in industrial conditions, and thus could be a major breakthrough to turn its industrial production into an economically viable process / Mestrado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

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