Dentro del mundo de los fandoms, existe un pequeño gran nicho que se llama fanfiction, en donde los fans desarrollan, exploran y crean nuevas historias con sus personajes favoritos. Sin embargo, para la comunidad LGBTQ+, los fanfictions resultan una alternativa atractiva a los medios de comunicación tradicionales, los cuales no brindan la suficiente representación de esta comunidad. Es por ello que esta investigación se enfoca en analizar las prácticas de la comunidad LGTBQ+ como prosumidor de fanfiction y cómo la web 2.0 aporta a estas. / Within the fandom world, there is a great little niche called fanfiction, where fans develop, explore, and create new stories with their favorite characters. However, for the LGBTQ + community, fanfictions are an attractive alternative to traditional media, which do not provide enough representation for this community. That is why this research focuses on analyzing the practices of the LGTBQ + community as a fanfiction prosumer and how the web 2.0 contributes to this. / Trabajo de investigación

La autoproducción es un nuevo mecanismo de oferta en el mercado de electricidad que permite al usuario ser a la vez generador de electricidad, consumir su producción e inyectar los excedentes, haciéndose acreedor de un derecho de compensación futura. La investigación desarrolla las implicancias regulatorias que impactan a los usuarios, a las empresas generadoras, a las distribuidoras y a los usuarios, estableciendo que no representa mayor riesgo que una competencia a menor escala, que el usuario tiene derecho a autoabastecerse, sin dejar de lado su responsabilidad por la red a la que se encuentra conectado y no tomando ventajas respecto de los usuarios que no entren en el régimen del autoconsumo. Entre las ventajas de la autoproducción se identifica un ahorro por el consumo de la generación propia, la mitigación de la dependencia de las fuentes convencionales de generación, la reducción de los costos en las pérdidas por el transporte de electricidad, la promoción de energías limpias. Como desventajas se evalúa la necesidad de contar y remunerar el respaldo energético por la intermitencia de la generación eléctrica con fuentes renovables no gestionables, la posible afectación a las inversiones en las redes de distribución, los costos iniciales de inversión y de administración de las unidades de generación dispersas, el trámite y acceso a la conexión. Desde el punto de vista regulatorio, habiendo demostrado la rentabilidad del proyecto con una evaluación de costos, la medición neta, como mecanismo de para la autoproducción, puede ser desarrollada en nuestro país y en la presente investigación se plantea las reformas normativas para hacerlo viable con probabilidad de éxito, consistentes entre otros, en establecer un límite individual de capacidad efectiva (instalada), un límite acumulado de capacidad a nivel país como primera etapa, la necesidad de establecer un pago fijo por la confiabilidad y posibilidad de inyecciones de energía a la red, y un neteo de derechos energéticos a ser compensados en un periodo de doce meses, luego de lo cual, el derecho pasará a favor de la distribuidora; que junto a las reglas claras y simples de los trámites para ser autoproductor, conllevaría a un beneficio parar el sector y la sociedad en su conjunto. / Self-production is a new supply mechanism in the electricity market, through which the consumer produces his own electricity, consume it, and inject the surpluses into the grid, becoming a creditor of the right to future compensations for those surpluses. This paper explains the regulatory impacts of self-production on users and electricity companies. Net metering represents a competition on a smaller scale, where users have the right to self-supply electricity without having advantages over other users who aren't in the self-consumption regime. Among the advantages of net metering, as a mechanism for self-production, this thesis identifies savings from the consumption of own electricity, the reduction of dependence on conventional sources of power generation, the reduction of losses in the transport of electricity, the promotion of clean energy. As disadvantages, the need to count on and remunerate energy support with conventional sources due to the intermittency of electricity generation, with non-manageable renewable sources, the possible impact on distributor’s incomes, initial investment and administration costs of the dispersed generation equipment, the procedure and access to connection. We propose to establish an individual limit of effective capacity for self-generation, an accumulated limit of self-production capacity in the national system as the first stage, a fixed payment for the reliability and possibility of energy injections to the grid, and a netting of energy rights to be compensated in a period of twelve months. / Trabajo de investigación

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar las oportunidades que otorgan las narrativas transmedia frente a la publicidad tradicional. Para ello, analizaremos la importancia del prosumidor en la narrativa transmedia elaborada por la Marca Perú en su campaña publicitaria Intercambiados, y nos centraremos en uno de los principios propuestos por Henry Jenkins: la “inmersión”. Esto se debe a que la publicidad tradicional es considerada como invasiva y la mayoría de los consumidores la rechaza, por lo cual la inmersión del prosumidor en la narrativa transmedia ayuda a pasar desapercibida a la publicidad dentro de una historia. En tal sentido, nuestro análisis se desarrollará a través de un enfoque de tipo cualitativo. Asimismo, el método que se utilizará es el de la teoría fundamentada, y se realizarán entrevistas semiestructuradas a jóvenes de 20 a 25 años, que residen en Lima Metropolitana y que sean seguidores del fan page de la Marca Perú. / This research aims to show the opportunities that transmedia narratives offer compared to traditional advertising. During the study we will analyze the importance of the prosumer in the transmedia narrative elaborated by Marca Perú in its advertising campaign Intercambiados, and we will focus on one of the principles proposed by Henry Jenkins: “immersion”. This is because traditional advertising is considered invasive and most consumers reject it, which is why the immersion of the prosumer in the transmedia narrative helps to go unnoticed in the advertising of a story. In this sense, our analysis will be developed through a qualitative approach. Likewise, the method to be used is that of grounded theory, and semi-structured interviews will be carried out with young people between 20 and 25 years of age, who reside in Lima Metropolitana and who are followers of Marca Perú fan page. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] As mudanças recentes nas matrizes elétricas mundiais são geralmente motivadas pela busca de fontes de energia mais limpas e pela dificuldade na construção de novas gerações centralizadas. Como resultado, este estímulo altera não apenas a tecnologia da fonte de energia, mas também a sua localização, que agora passa a ser mais próximas aos centros consumidores ou até mesmo conectadas à rede de distribuição, como a Geração Distribuída (GD). No Brasil, a GD possui um arcabouço regulatório que permite aos seus adeptos, chamados de prosumidores, terem um papel ativo na rede de distribuição, injetando e consumindo eletricidade consoante o seu balanço elétrico. Esse comportamento traz novos desafios para as companhias de distribuição, e, embora alguns benefícios da GD possam ser obtidos para essas companhias, a perda de mercado e diminuição de suas receitas fixas podem acarretar em transferência de custos estruturais, dos prosumidores para os consumidores sem este tipo de instalação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho realiza uma análise técnico-econômico, para novos empreendimentos residenciais de GD fotovoltaica, parcela mais significativa de GD no Brasil. Essa análise considera todas as opções propostas de revisão da regulação de GD pelo órgão regulador e aborda tanto o impacto no retorno do investimento pelos prosumidores, quanto o impacto nas receitas em todas as distribuidoras do país. Para isto, no âmbito do investidor, serão avaliados três diferentes fatores econômicos: LCOE, payback descontado e benefício-custo; já no âmbito da distribuidora, será avaliado o impacto do aumento das GD na receita da empresa e na tarifa de energia elétrica imposta pela mesma, para tanto será realizado uma previsão de mercado para os próximos dez anos, considerando o modelo baseado em Bass. Os estudos realizados apontaram que qualquer uma das opções propostas pelo órgão regulador causará uma redução do mercado aderente a instalação da GD, o que consequentemente levará a uma redução dos prejuízos das distribuidoras e cenários menos favoráveis ao investimento pelo lado do prosumidor. / [en] Recent changes in the world s electrical mix are generally motivated by the search for cleaner energy sources and by the difficulty in building new centralized power plants. As a result, this stimulus changes not only the energy source technology, but also its location, which is now closer to consumer centers or even connected to the distribution network, such as Distributed Generation (DG). In Brazil, DG has a regulatory framework that allows its supporters, called prosumers, to play an active role in the distribution network, injecting and consuming electricity according to their own electrical balance. This behavior brings new challenges for distribution companies, and although some benefits of DG can be obtained for these companies, the loss of market and reduction of their fixed revenues can result in the transfer of structural costs, from prosumers to consumers without this type of installation. In this context, this work performs a technical-economic analysis for new residential projects of photovoltaic DG, the most significant portion of DG in Brazil. This analysis considers all proposed options for reviewing DG regulation by the regulatory body and addresses both the impact on return on investment by prosumers and the impact on revenues in all distribution companies in the country. For this, within the investor, three different economic factors are evaluated: LCOE, discounted payback and benefit-cost; within the scope of the distribution companies, the impact of the increase in DG on the company s revenue and on their electricity tariff are also evaluated, for which a market forecast will be made for the next ten years, considering the model based on Bass. The obtained results indicate that any of the options proposed by the regulatory agency will cause a reduction in the market adherent to the installation of the DG, which will consequently lead to a reduction in the revenue losses for distribution companies and less favorable scenarios for investment on the prosumer side.