Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:28:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo3000_1.pdf: 1383770 bytes, checksum: eccdf7c8a77456872ffb7a881d13165c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta pesquisa pretende investigar como os enunciados criados pelos prosumers, que circulam através de sites, blogs e redes sociais, na internet, estão modificando as relações de poder no universo da propaganda e do marketing. Esses enunciados surgem, muitas vezes, associados a atitudes de consumerismo político por parte dos consumidores e cidadãos que buscam criar novos discursos sobre as marcas a fim de evidenciar aspectos pouco louváveis em relação a empresas, produtos e serviços, tais como as condições sub-humanas de trabalho e o abate de animais fora dos padrões exigidos. Esse trabalho utiliza a Análise do Discurso francesa como disciplina propícia para observar e identificar se há uma nova ordem do discurso na publicidade contemporânea a partir das trocas informacionais em fluxo, próprias das mídias digitais, entre consumidores e empresas. A partir da análise dos enunciados criados pelos prosumers, busca perceber as estratégias discursivas utilizadas, as memórias, os pré-construídos, os novos efeitos de sentido. Supõe haver uma mudança na ordem discursiva da propaganda com os enunciados criados pelos consumidores, os quais se configuram como um acontecimento em relação ao panorama da publicidade e do marketing massivos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2233216 bytes, checksum: 70bcbbe567cdb43c48066aaa73f20533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research discusses communication postmodern, new habits of consumption and production of information and the emergence of the prosumer, the protagonist in this process. The term was coined by Alvin Toffler (1995) to describe the new profile producer-consumer. The prosumer can be compared to the producer of the era that predates capitalism, but now reappears as a producer of information media, strong and influential, actively participating in the preparation of informative content on various new media: Internet and Digital TV - iDTV. Professional journalists are having to reinvent themselves. The audience is no longer passive. Marketers seek to understand the mechanisms and consumer trends in new media. The audiovisual industry has been adapting to the new era of the popularization of the Internet and the continued growth of social networking. As the production of the prosumer is being exploited on the Internet, on television and in iDTV? Which direction the phenomenon designed to communicate? What are the current trends? The overall goal of this research is to show the overlap of the prosumer with the audiovisual media industry and try to understand the role that public in everyday communication. As a result of this research, we can say that the performance of the prosumer, although it is something recent, already produces effects in the history of mankind. Understanding this issue is to involve oneself in order cosnciente dynamic information society in which most cultures are embedded. / Esta pesquisa discute a comunicação pós-moderna, os novos hábitos de consumo e produção de informação e a emergência do prosumer, protagonista nesse processo. O termo foi criado por Alvin Tofler (1995) para designar o novo perfil produtor-consumidor. O prosumer pode ser comparado ao produtor da época que antecede o capitalismo, mas que agora ressurge como produtor de informação midiática, forte e influente, participando ativamente na elaboração de conteúdos informativos diversos nas novas mídias: Internet e TV Digital TVDi. Os profissionais do jornalismo estão tendo que se reinventar. O público deixou de ser passivo. Os profissionais do marketing procuram compreender os mecanismos e as tendências de consumo nas novas mídias. A indústria audiovisual vem se adaptando aos novos tempos de popularização da Internet e crescimento contínuo das redes sociais. Como a produção do prosumer vem sendo aproveitada na Internet, na televisão e na TVDi? Qual o rumo que o fenômeno destina à comunicação? Quais as tendências atuais? O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa é mostrar a imbricação do prosumer com a indústria midiática audiovisual e tentar compreender o papel desse público no cotidiano da comunicação. Como resultado dessa pesquisa, podemos afirmar que a atuação do prosumer, apesar de ser algo recente, já produz efeitos importantes na história da humanidade. Compreender esse tema é embrenhar-se de forma consciente na dinâmica da sociedade da informação na qual grande parte das culturas está inserida.

As formas de se criar e compartilhar música e imagem se encontram em constante revolução, propiciada pelas novas possibilidades de produção e divulgação de conteúdo. Artistas e público interagem de maneiras criativas e oportunas com esse novo ambiente, enquanto a comunicação como um todo traça um caminho de volta à oralidade na transmissão de conhecimento. É objetivo deste trabalho identificar a importância do conteúdo amador para a divulgação de artistas independentes, em especial no site de vídeos YouTube. Conteúdo esse que é produzido em duas frentes: o público contribui com versões cover, homenagens, registros da plateia de shows, aulas de violão, karaokês e conteúdo original republicado sem autorização; e os artistas oferecem suas cenas de bastidores, novas composições, apresentações ao vivo e participações; entremeadas com seu conteúdo de lançamento comercial - como videoclipes e álbuns. A oralidade secundária que segue o fechamento do Parêntese de Gutenberg, apresentado por Thomas Pettit, traz um novo meio de se conhecer, ouvir, tocar e compartilhar música, especialmente através desse conteúdo amador. Artistas são apresentados por seu próprio público, que relê e reescreve as canções a seu modo, registra e reporta seus acontecimentos com sua própria estética, e realimenta sua produção com seus próprios desejos. Para tanto, sete artistas independentes foram analisados quantitativamente e posteriormente entrevistados quanto a seu faturamento, execução pública e presença no YouTube. Por último, foi proposto um experimento imagético com a participação do público de uma apresentação musical de um dos artistas em questão, cujos resultados foram comparados aos de um experimento similar conduzido dez anos antes. / The ways in which music and image are created and shared are in constant revolution, caused by the new possibilities of producing and disseminating content. Artists and audience take part in creative opportunities for dealing with this new environment, as communication as a whole traces its path back to orality. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the relevance of amateur content on the promotion of independent musical artists, especially through the video website YouTube. Fans share their cover versions, tributes, concert videos, guitar lessons, karaoke animations and original ripped content; while artists share their backstage scenes, rehearsals, new compositions, live performances, special guests along with their official c ommercial releases of tracks and music videos. The secondary orality that follows the closing of The Gutenberg Parenthesis, presented by Thomas Pettit, brings new ways to get to know, listen to, play and share music, especially through the amateur content. Artists are introduced by their own audiences, who re-read and re-write their music in their own way. Fans document and report the artist happenings in their own aesthetics and refuel their production with their own desires. For that purpose, seven independent artists have been quantitatively analysed and subsequently interviewed about their revenue, broadcasts and YouTube presence. At last, an audiovisual experiment was conducted, in which a live music concert was photographed and recorded on video by amateur guests. Their outcome was compared to that of a similar experiment conducted ten years before.

The Web 2.0 environment has altered North American society immeasurably as producers and consumers have merged into one, the prosumer. This new type of individual is visible in the blogosphere, in particular when examining travel blogs. The creators of travel blogs spend a considerable amount of their leisure and work creating and maintaining these travelogues, but little research has queried them about these efforts. The online contributions travel bloggers make potentially places their leisure choices within the Serious Leisure Perspective (SLP), more specifically within the sub-category of serious leisure. By engaging travel bloggers through a qualitative based questionnaire about their travel blogs, this research identified motivations and benefits of blogging. Recommendations for further research about online pursuits and serious leisure are suggested and the ways prosumers are linked to and have formed relationships with the mainstream travel industry are discussed. This research provides insight into travel bloggers’ perceptions of their contributions to the Web 2.0 environment, to the Serious Leisure Perspective, and to the travel industry.

abstract: The original mediums were not texts or technologies; they were ritual actors performing acts of mediumship. Mediating between determined norms (the status quo) and emergent trends (change), they invoked divine authority to conjure meanings that proved adaptive, nonadaptive and/or maladaptive. With the advent of the written word, ritual became formalized and codified. The medium became a communication device, something abstract and external to the human condition. It then became possible to speak of "media effects" imposing influence in a logical deterministic manner. Yet with the advent of new media, we are witnessing a return to modes of cultural discourse that are spontaneous, interactive, communal and unscripted, all hallmarks of ritual action. This "ritual return" centers on the emergence of the "prosumer" (producer/consumer), a figure actively engaged in mediating practices. While resembling the original archaic "medium" in some respects, the prosumer is a "literate ritualist" allied with a multiplicity of cultural tribes. Thus the "new media" has given rise to "the new medium." The pages that follow focus on acts of contemporary mediumship, examining related concepts such as "ecology," "niche," "role," "affordance," and "trope." Each section considers how specific mediating practices afford and constrain modes of ritualized behavior. I call this practice-oriented approach to media studies "praxism." / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2011

El cine en Latinoamérica enfrenta problemas con respecto al financiamiento y a la difusión de proyectos desde el sistema tradicional. Sin embargo, hoy, la influencia del internet, la pantalla global, la web social y la participación colectiva han cambiado los hábitos de consumo dando herramientas para poder terminar el proceso de una película. La audiencia no solo consume, también produce. Los nuevos realizadores han aprovechado este cambio para replantear el modelo de negocio y la cadena de producción a la hora de contar historias. Nacen nuevos conceptos que ayudan a esta modificación de la cadena productiva, como el crowdfunding, que modifica la forma de financiar proyectos, experiencias como la wikipeli demuestran que se puede generar una nueva forma de producción y realización, eliminando intermediario en la etapa de distribución, y por último, la transmedia y el storydoing que no solo modifican la narración sino que generan la creación de una marca que reviste al producto. Se tratará demostrar el rol de plataformas digitales vinculadas a la web social como un sistema alternativo en la cadena de producción audiovisual mediante una metodología de análisis descriptivo-cualitativo de casos de éxito, entrevistas y plataformas. / The film industry in Latin America has to deal with financial and distribution problems for projects in the traditional film system. Nevertheless, nowadays the influence of the internet, the global screen, social media, and group participation have changed consumer behavior, giving rise to new tools for the film production and viewing cycle. Audiences do not only consume, but also produce. New filmmakers have taken advantage of this change to rethink the business model, and the production chain for telling their stories. New concepts that help to transform the production chain include crowdfunding, which modifies the financing of projects, products such as the “wikipeli”, which use new methods of production and creation, without distribution intermediaries, and transmedia and storytelling, which modify narration and create a product brand. We seek to show the role of social media tools as alternative audiovisual production mechanisms through a descriptive qualitative analysis of examples of success, interviews and platforms.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d’agents appelés prosumers parce qu’ils peuvent, à partir d’énergies renouvelables, à la fois produire et consommer de l’électricité. Si leurs productions excèdent leurs propres besoins, ceux-ci cherchent à vendre leur surplus sur des marchés de l’électricité. Nous proposons de modéliser ces prosumers à partir de données météorologiques, ce qui nous a permit de mettre en évidence des corrélations spatio-temporelles non triviales, d'une grande importance pour les agrégateurs qui forment des portefeuilles d’équipements afin de vendre des services à l'opérateur du réseau. Comme un agrégateur est lié par un contrat avec l'opérateur, il peut faire l'objet de sanctions s’il ne remplit pas son rôle. Nous montrons que ces corrélations impactent la stabilité des agrégats, et donc le risque encouru par les agrégateurs. Nous proposons un algorithme minimisant le risque d'un ensemble d’agrégations, tout en maximisant le gain attendu. La mise en place de dispositifs de stockage dans un réseau où les générateurs et les charges sont dynamiques et stochastiques est complexe. Nous proposons de répondre à cette question grâce à la théorie du contrôle. Nous modélisons le système électrique par un réseau d'oscillateurs couplés, dont la dynamique des angles de phase est une approximation de la dynamique réelle du système. Le but est de trouver le sous-ensemble des nœuds du graphe qui, lors d'une perturbation du système, permet le retour à l'équilibre si les bons signaux sont injectés, et ceci avec une énergie minimum. Nous proposons un algorithme pour trouver un placement proche de l'optimum permettant de minimiser l'énergie moyenne de contrôle / This thesis is devoted to the study of agents called prosumers because they can, from renewable, both produce and consume electricity. If their production exceeds their own needs, they are looking to sell their surplus on electricity markets. We propose to model these prosumers from meteorological data, which has allowed us to highlight non trivial spatial and temporal correlations. This is of great importance for aggregators that form portfolios of equipments to sell services to the network operator. As an aggregator is bound by a contract with the operator, it can be subject to penalties if it does not fulfill its role. We show that these correlations impact the stability of aggregates, and therefore the risk taken by the aggregators. We propose an algorithm minimizing the risk of the aggregations, while maximizing the expected gain. The placement of storage devices in a network where generators and loads are stochastic and not fixed is complex. We propose to answer this question with control theory. We model the electrical system as a network of coupled oscillators, whose phase angles dynamics is an approximation of the actual dynamics of the system. The goal is to find the subset of nodes in the graph that, during a disturbance of the system, allows returning to equilibrium if the right signals are injected and this with a minimum energy. We propose an algorithm to find a near optimal placement to minimize the average energy control

In the era of rapid technological innovation, the convergence of blockchain technology and energy management has garnered significant attention. The escalating numbers of prosumers—individuals both producing and consuming energy—indicate a shift in the energy paradigm, demanding new frameworks for energy exchange. Traditional energy marketplaces have struggled to keep pace with these changes, necessitating a solution that is transparent, decentralized, and tailored to all stakeholders involved. There's a clear opportunity for a platform that not only seamlessly facilitates energy transactions but also addresses wider stakeholder implications. This thesis aims to develop and critically assess a blockchain-based energy marketplace, targeting diverse stakeholders: prosumers, consumers, energy retailers, and the broader environment. The research approach begins with a presentation of a blockchain-driven energy trading model, especially tailored to the Spanish electricity market's specifics. Employing "Grid Singularity" as an open-source tool, the study simulates the virtual interactions between prosumers and consumers, ensuring a practical understanding of the model amidst the complex web of energy utility participants. The implementation of this decentralized platform showcases tangible benefits across the board: prosumers see a notable uptick in revenue, consumers benefit from almost 30% savings on energy expenses, and energy retailers discover new revenue streams, all while promoting an eco-friendly energy landscape. The intersection of blockchain technology with the energy sector, as explored in this study, is not a mere academic exercise but a critical exploration into the future of energy management and trading. By introducing a transparent and equitable trading avenue, the platform empowers prosumers to harness the true economic potential of their energy surplus, further incentivizing the proliferation of renewable energy generation. In essence, this thesis introduces more than just a technological solution; it presents a vision for the future of the energy sector. / I en tid av snabb teknologisk innovation har sammanslagningen av blockchain-teknik och energihantering dragit till sig avsevärd uppmärksamhet. De ökande antalet prosumers – individer som både producerar och konsumerar energi – indikerar en förskjutning i energiparadigmet och kräver nya ramverk för energiutbyte. Traditionella energimarknader har haft svårt att hålla jämna steg med dessa förändringar, vilket kräver en lösning som är transparent, decentraliserad och anpassad till alla inblandade intressenter. Det finns ett tydligt tillfälle för en plattform som inte bara smidigt underlättar energitransaktioner utan också adresserar bredare intressentimplikationer. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla och kritiskt bedöma en blockchain-baserad energimarknad, riktad till olika intressenter: prosumers, konsumenter, energiåterförsäljare och den bredare miljön. Forskningsansatsen börjar med en presentation av en blockchain-drivet energihandelsmodell, särskilt skräddarsydd för den spanska elmarknadens specifikationer. Med hjälp av "Grid Singularity" som ett öppet verktyg simulerar studien de virtuella interaktionerna mellan prosumers och konsumenter, vilket säkerställer en praktisk förståelse av modellen mitt i det komplexa nätet av energianvändningsdeltagare. Genomförandet av denna decentraliserade plattform visar påtagliga fördelar över hela linjen: Prosumers ser en märkbar ökning i intäkter, konsumenter gynnas av nästan 30% besparingar på energiutgifter och energiåterförsäljare upptäcker nya intäktsströmmar, allt medan man främjar ett miljövänligt energilandskap. Sammanslagningen av blockchain-teknologi med energisektorn, som utforskats i denna studie, är inte bara en akademisk övning utan en kritisk utforskning av energihanteringens och handelns framtid. Genom att introducera en transparent och rättvis handelsaveny, ger plattformen prosumers möjlighet att utnyttja deras energiöverskotts sanna ekonomiska potential, vilket ytterligare incitament till spridningen av förnybar energiproduktion. I huvudsak introducerar denna avhandling mer än bara en teknologisk lösning; den presenterar en vision för energisektorns framtid.

Global warming is one of our time’s most pressing issues and the energy industry is the leading cause. In the current Swedish electricity systems, individual consumers hold little to no power as the system is inherently centralized, with large incumbent actors. The Swedish electricity grid is prognosticated to encounter a troublesome situation with grid capacity as society enjoys and evergrowing electrification. The climate issueshave however given renewable energy a more predominant role in the Swedish energy sector. Through the directives of the European Union’s Clean Energy Package, each member state now has to enact laws enabling for individuals to cooperatively engage in selfproduction of energy as a joint entity, which in turn enables for new niche technologies to become market actors. Energy communities is such an entity with a promising outlook to become both a considerable market actor, and an actor that can help alleviate grid tensions. The purpose of this study is to: 1) investigate how the internal business model for energy communities could be constructed in order to maximize societal outreach and promote the creation of new energy communities, and 2) to investigate how the business models could be constructed in order to coexist with the incumbent structures, while contributing to the developments in the sociotechnical regime. The study utilizes an abductive approach through the form of a single case study and qualitative data collection methods. The results are presented and analyzed using the business model canvas framework and its potential is analyzed through the MultiLevel Perspective. The prospects of energy communities in Sweden using photovoltaic (PV) production units are overall positive. The value propositions that lie at the core of the proposed business model are constituted of environmental benefits, autarky, social values and economic costs savings. The most prosperous developmental path for energy communities in order to in the future be recognized in the sociotechnical regime is through a relationship characterized by cooperation with the incumbent structures. / Global uppvärming är en av vår tids största problem, och energiindustrin är den största bidgrande faktorn. I det nuvarande energisystemet har individen lite kontroll, eftersom systemet är till hög grad centraliserat med stora aktörer. Effektbrist och kapacitetsbrist är växande problem i det svenska elnätet, vilket späds på av ökad elektrifiering. Klimatförändringarna har dock givits en större roll i den svenska energisektorn. Genom ett direktiv på EU nivå, Ren Energi paketet, kan nu varje medlemsstat etablera lagar för hur individer kan engagera sig och samarbeta i elproduktion för att själva bli marknadsaktörer. Ett samlingsnamn för sådana aktörer är energigemenskaper. Energigemenskaper kan bidra till att motverka både klimatkrisen men också problemen i elnäten. Syftet med denna studie är att: 1) undersöka hur affärsmodellen för energigemenskaper kan utformas så att man maximerar samhällsspridning och promoterar skapandet av nya energisamhällen, och 2) undersöka hur affärsmodellen can konstrueras så att de kan samexistera med nuvarande aktörer i energisystemet och dessutom utveckla det vidare. Denna studie har ett abduktivt tillvägagångssätt, genom en fallstudie med kvalitativ datainsamling. Resultaten presenteras och analyseras med business model canvas och dess potential undersöks med hjälp av MultiLevel Perspective ramverket. Utsikterna för energigemenskaperna, med fokus på solcellsproduktion, är överlag goda. Energigemenskapens affärsmodells främsta värderbjudanden var klimatmedvetenhet, autarki, sociala attribut och kostnadsbesparingar. Den mest lovande utvecklingsbanan för energigemenskaper inkluderar karaktäriseras av inkludering och samarbeta med de stora och nuvarande aktörerna i energisystemet.

The Republic of Kosovo, and its 1.8 million inhabitants, is heavily reliant on two highly pollutive lignite coal-fired power plants, Kosova A and Kosova B for energy generation. The coal-fired power plants, that cover 91% of the energy generation, are reaching the end of their operational life and are in need of either restoration or discontinuation. This implies that Kosovo is in need of energy alternatives for a more flexible energy system which could open opportunities for renewable energy. Solar power in Kosovo is still at a low percentage of less than 1%, and its future penetration is being held back by lack of investments and underdeveloped regulatory framework. Affordable and reliable energy, from solar power, could reduce poverty, lower unemployment, boost economic growth and improve people's health in Kosovo. This coincides with the sustainability goals set by the UN Agenda 2030 and specifically goal 7, ‘Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all’. The aim of the project was to design a techno-economically optimal PV-system at The University of Prishtina and to investigate the potential technical, social and economic impacts of implementing PV-systems in Kosovo to help achieve the UN 2030 Agenda, specifically SDG 7. The project consists of a quantitative part where simulations were done with the System Advisor Model (SAM) in order to calculate the energy generation and profitability of installing photovoltaic modules at The University of Prishtina with different policy-schemes. In addition, a qualitative study was done by compiling information on the policy structures in Kosovo and other european countries in order to identify obstacles and future trends in the development of renewables. The results showed that it is profitable for the University of Prishtina to install a PV-system in which the inspected financial indicators such as NPV, LCOE and payback time showed profitability for all policy-scenarios. In the base scenario with 200 kWp, which follows the current policy and capacity restrictions on the maximum allowed capacity of 100 kWp per metering point, 60% of the yearly electricity bills were covered. Two additional models were made with alternative policy-scenarios, one with a net-billing model in which sell-rates were altered and another with a higher capacity of 298.49 kWp utilizing the whole roof area. The system of 298.49 kWp gave the highest energy production and could cover 80% of the early electricity bills. The net-billing simulations indicated that profitability is also feasible for small-scale PV in a net-billing scheme with low sell-rates of electricity. LCOE ranged from $6.98 to 8.24 ¢/kWh, for all policy-scenarios, which was lower than the buy-rate of electricity for The University of Prishtina. The results from the simulations along with the qualitative study conclude that the cost- and technical potential for solar power is profitable and feasible. In addition to socio-economic factors such as job-opportunities and health benefits, solar power could be a competitive energy alternative in comparison to current forms of energy generation in Kosovo. However, due to restrictive RES-policy and potentially costly FiT’s in Kosovo a proposition, collected through qualitative studies, is to switch to auctioning schemes with possible usage of FiP’s, if needed, for large- scale PV with regulators putting an emphasis on an open, fair and competitive market. Solar power is competitive and would fare well in such schemes and its implementation should be encouraged by stakeholders and regulators in Kosovo. / Republiken Kosovo och dess 1.8 miljoner invånare är starkt beroende av de två kraftigt förorenade kolkraftverken Kosova A och B för sin energiproduktion. Kolkraftverken, som är i slutskedet av sin livslängd, utgör närmare 91% av landets energiproduktion och är i behov av antingen restaurering eller avveckling. Detta medför ett stort behov av nya, flexibla energikällor i Kosovo vilket luckrar upp möjligheter för förnybar energi, särskilt solkraft. Andelen solkraft i Kosovo utgör idag mindre än 1 % av landets energimix och hämmas avsevärt av underutvecklade regelverk och brist på investering. Ekonomiskt överkomlig och tillförlitlig energi från solkraft skulle kunna bidra till minskad fattigdom, sänkt arbetslöshet, ökad ekonomisk tillväxt samt förbättrad hälsotillstånd hos Kosovos invånare. Detta sammanfaller i sin tur med FN:s globala hållbarhetsmål stipulerade i Agenda 2030, särskilt mål 7, ”Säkerställa tillgång till ekonomiskt överkomlig, tillförlitlig, hållbar och modern energi för alla”. Syftet med arbetet var att utforma ett tekno-ekonomiskt optimalt solcellssystem vid Universitetet i Pristina, samt undersöka de potentiella tekniska, sociala och ekonomiska effekterna av att implementera solcellssystem i Kosovo. Detta i mån om FN:s hållbarhetsmål och Agenda 2030, inriktat på mål 7. Projektet består av en kvantitativ analys där energiproduktionen och lönsamheten av att installera solcellsmoduler vid Universitetet i Pristina simuleras i anknytning till olika policy regelverk med hjälp av System Advisor Model (SAM). Vidare utfördes en kvalitativ studie där information om rådande politiska strukturer och regelverk i Kosovo och andra europeiska länder sammanställdes för att identifiera aktuella hinder och framtida trender i utvecklingen av förnybar energi. Resultaten visade att det är lönsamt för Pristinas universitet att installera ett solcellssystem. De granskade finansiella indikatorerna som NPV, LCOE och payback påvisade lönsamhet för alla simulerade policy scenarion. I bas-scenariot med 200 kWp med nuvarande kapacitets och policy restriktioner på maximalt 100 kWp per mätningspunkt, täcks 60% av de årliga elräkningarna. Därutöver simuleras ytterligare två modeller med alternativa policy-scenarion. En net-billing modell med varierande el-försäljningspriser samt en modell med högre kapacitet på 298,49 kWp. I systemet med 298,49 kWp erhölls den högsta energiproduktionen som täckte närmare 80% av de årliga elräkningarna. Net-billing simuleringarna gemensamt med låga el-försäljningspriser indikerade även lönsamhet i net-billing systemet. Denna typ av elförsäljning kan därmed vara realiserbart och tillämpas för småskaliga solkraftsanläggningar i Kosovo. För alla policy scenarion varierade LCOE från $ 6,98 till 8,24 ¢/kWh, vilket var lägre än elpriserna för Universitetet i Pristina. Resultaten från simuleringarna och den kvalitativa studien antyder att den tekniska och ekonomiska potentialen för solenergi är hög. Utöver socioekonomiska faktorer som jobbmöjligheter och hälsofördelar kan solenergi vara ett konkurrenskraftigt energialternativ jämfört med nuvarande former av energiproduktion i Kosovo tack vare dess billiga kostnader. Med avseende på restriktiva regelverk gällande förnybar energi och den potentiellt dyra feed-in tariff-policyn i Kosovo är det till fördel, baserat på den kvalitativa och kvantitativa analysen, att utveckla ett auktionssystem med kompletterande feed-in premium för storskaliga solkraftsanläggningar. Detta med betoning på en öppen, rättvis och konkurrenskraftig marknad. Solkraft är billigt, konkurrenskraftig och är gynnsam för de socioekonomiska aspekterna i Kosovo. Dess implementering bör uppmuntras av intressenter och lagstiftare i Kosovo. / Në Republiken e Kosovës me 1.8 milion banorë, qytetarët e saj varen shumë nga dy termocentrale të ndotura, Kosova A dhe Kosova B. Termocentralet me linjit, që mbulojnë 91% të gjenerimit të energjisë, po arrijnë fundin e jetës së tyre operacionale dhe kanë nevojë për restaurim ose ndërprerje. Kjo nënkupton që Kosova ka nevojë për energji alternative dhe për një sistem më fleksibël, i cili mund të hapë mundësi për energji të rinovueshme. Energjia diellore në Kosovë është akoma në një përqindje të ulët të perdorimit prej më pak se 1%. Energjia diellore po frenohet nga mungesa e përpilimit të ligjeve dhe mungesa e investimeve. Nga energjia diellore Kosova mund të ketë perfitime në rritjen ekonomike dhe përmirësim të shëndetit për popullatën e Kosovës. Kjo ç ështje eshtë në perputhshmëri me qëllimet të vendosura nga agjenda e OKB-së 2030, në veqanti pika 7 në të cilën thuhet: ‘ të sigurohet aksesi në energji të përballueshme, të besueshme, të qëndrueshme dhe moderne për të gjithë ’. Qëllimi ynë me këtë studim është të hulumtojmë mundësitë për një sistem optimal fotvoltaike (PV) në Universitetin e Prishtinës ‘Hasan Prishtina’. Gjithashtu qellimi me ketë studim është të hulumtojmë ndikimet e mundshme teknike, sociale dhe ekonomike në zbatimin e sistemeve PV në Kosovë për të arritur agjendën e OKB-së 2030, posaçërisht pika 7. Projekti përbëhet nga një pjesë sasiore ku janë bërë simulime me System Advisor Model (SAM) në mënyrë që të llogaritet gjenerimi i energjisë dhe përfitimi i instalimit të moduleve PV në Universitetin e Prishtinës me skema të ndryshme rregullative. Për më tepër, është bërë një studim cilësor duke përpiluar informacione mbi strukturat rregullative në Kosovë dhe vendet e tjera evropiane në mënyrë që të identifikohen pengesat dhe tendencat e ardhshme në zhvillimin e burimeve të ripërtëritshme (BRE). Rezultatet e këtijë studimi tregojnë se, për Universitetin e Prishtinës, është veprim fitimprurëse të instalohet një sistem PV. Përmes këtijë sistemi, treguesit financiarë si NPV, LCOE dhe payback rezultojnë në përfitime ekonomike ne të gjitha skemat e provuara rregullative. Në modelin e parë bazë me 200 kWp, i cili ndjek politikat (policy) aktuale me kufizime të kapaciteteve të lejuar prej 100 kWp për një pikë matëse, mbulohen 60% e faturave vjetore të energjisë elektrike. Ndërsa në dy modelet tjera shtesë, bëmë percaktime të skemave alternative. Një nga modelet ishte net-billing në të cilin ndryshuam normat e shitjes. Tjetri model ishte një sistem PV me kapacitet më të lartë prej 298.49 kWp duke përfshirë gjithë siperfaqën e kulmit. Sistemi prej 298.49 kWp dha prodhimin më të lartë të energjisë dhe mund të mbulojë 80% të faturave të energjisë elektrike. Rezultatët e skemës së net-billing treguan se përfitimi është i mundshëm gjithashtu, me norma të ulëta të shitjes së energjisë elektrike. Kjo skemë mund të zbatohet për instalime të vogla me PV në Kosovë. Vlerat e LCOE varion nga $6.98 ¢/kWh- 8.24 ¢/kWh dollar, në të gjitha modelet. Kjo tregon se kostoja është më e ulët se norma e blerjes së energjisë elektrike për Universitetin e Prishtinës. Rezultatet nga simulimet e të gjitha modeleve së bashku me studimin cilësor arrijnë në përfundim se kostoja dhe potenciali teknik për energjinë diellore është fitimprurëse dhe i realizueshëm. Ky studim tregon se përveç faktorëve socio-ekonomikë siç janë mundësitë e punësimit dhe beneficioneve shëndetësore, energjia diellore mund të jetë një alternativë konkurruese e energjisë në krahasim me format aktuale të gjenerimit të energjisë në Kosovë. Sidoqoftë, për shkak të politikave përkufizuese të BRE-ve dhe feed-in tariff ose FiT-ve, qe janë potencialisht të kushtueshme, një rekomandim për instalime të mëdha të PV-së është kalimi në skema tender, potencialisht me përdorimin të feed-in premium ose FiP-ve. Ne ketë skeme, politikbërësitë duhet të krejojnë mundesit për një treg të hapur, të barabartë dhe konkurrues. Energjia diellore do të jetë me kosto më të ulëta në të ardhmen dhe implementimi i saj duhet të inkurajohet nga palët e interesit dhe politikbërësitë në Kosovë.