The greenhouses play a key role in food sustainable production, the purpose of the greenhouses is to make an artificial suitable environment to grow different kinds of plants. The cost of energy used in the greenhouses to ensure the optimum temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration, makes up a large part of the final cost of food. Due to global warming, the successive energy crises, and the food crises, the need to make the greenhouses more energy efficient and to utilize renewable energy resources is rapidly increasing. The enclosed water curtain cooling system meets the special requirement of the greenhouse cooling system, and it has potential energy savings when it is integrated with other systems such as heat pumps, underground water sources, and surplus heat energy recovery. This system involves two special nylon foils, and a thin layer of water flows between the two foils, the two foils will be stuck to eachother by the cohesive force of the water-detergent mixture, the detergent was added to decrease the water surface tension and ensure the even distribution of the water-detergent mixture over the nylon foils. In this study, an experimental model of the enclosed water curtain was made and two sets of tests were conducted, the first set was at room temperature around 20°C, and the second test was at room temperature around 25.7 °C with an electrical heater, each set contains three tests to measure the cooling capacity of the curtain, and each test takes 2 minutes, the curtain dimensions were height and width of 1.04 m and 1.20 m respectively. By measuring the difference between the average inlet and outlet temperature of the water-detergent mixture before and after the curtain, and the mixture mass flow rate during the test period, the cooling capacityof the curtain was calculated using the energy balance equation.It was found that the curtain cooling capacity increases with the increase of ambient temperature, The large heat transfer area of the curtain which allows using higher water temperature for cooling, and the useful features of the water membrane like the high absorption of the wavelength of infrared and the high transparency of the wavelength of visible light, make this system meets the special requirements of the greenhouses cooling system. However, to be able to apply this system in real-life, the design of the curtain should be improved, and suitable materials should be chosen to make it more reliable. Also, All tests in this study were conducted in the workshop in the absence of solar radiation, therefore, the actual performance of the curtain needs to be evaluated with the presence of solar radiation, to be able to study the effects of the direct and diffuse solar radiation with various spectrum range.

In the era of rapid technological innovation, the convergence of blockchain technology and energy management has garnered significant attention. The escalating numbers of prosumers—individuals both producing and consuming energy—indicate a shift in the energy paradigm, demanding new frameworks for energy exchange. Traditional energy marketplaces have struggled to keep pace with these changes, necessitating a solution that is transparent, decentralized, and tailored to all stakeholders involved. There's a clear opportunity for a platform that not only seamlessly facilitates energy transactions but also addresses wider stakeholder implications. This thesis aims to develop and critically assess a blockchain-based energy marketplace, targeting diverse stakeholders: prosumers, consumers, energy retailers, and the broader environment. The research approach begins with a presentation of a blockchain-driven energy trading model, especially tailored to the Spanish electricity market's specifics. Employing "Grid Singularity" as an open-source tool, the study simulates the virtual interactions between prosumers and consumers, ensuring a practical understanding of the model amidst the complex web of energy utility participants. The implementation of this decentralized platform showcases tangible benefits across the board: prosumers see a notable uptick in revenue, consumers benefit from almost 30% savings on energy expenses, and energy retailers discover new revenue streams, all while promoting an eco-friendly energy landscape. The intersection of blockchain technology with the energy sector, as explored in this study, is not a mere academic exercise but a critical exploration into the future of energy management and trading. By introducing a transparent and equitable trading avenue, the platform empowers prosumers to harness the true economic potential of their energy surplus, further incentivizing the proliferation of renewable energy generation. In essence, this thesis introduces more than just a technological solution; it presents a vision for the future of the energy sector. / I en tid av snabb teknologisk innovation har sammanslagningen av blockchain-teknik och energihantering dragit till sig avsevärd uppmärksamhet. De ökande antalet prosumers – individer som både producerar och konsumerar energi – indikerar en förskjutning i energiparadigmet och kräver nya ramverk för energiutbyte. Traditionella energimarknader har haft svårt att hålla jämna steg med dessa förändringar, vilket kräver en lösning som är transparent, decentraliserad och anpassad till alla inblandade intressenter. Det finns ett tydligt tillfälle för en plattform som inte bara smidigt underlättar energitransaktioner utan också adresserar bredare intressentimplikationer. Denna avhandling syftar till att utveckla och kritiskt bedöma en blockchain-baserad energimarknad, riktad till olika intressenter: prosumers, konsumenter, energiåterförsäljare och den bredare miljön. Forskningsansatsen börjar med en presentation av en blockchain-drivet energihandelsmodell, särskilt skräddarsydd för den spanska elmarknadens specifikationer. Med hjälp av "Grid Singularity" som ett öppet verktyg simulerar studien de virtuella interaktionerna mellan prosumers och konsumenter, vilket säkerställer en praktisk förståelse av modellen mitt i det komplexa nätet av energianvändningsdeltagare. Genomförandet av denna decentraliserade plattform visar påtagliga fördelar över hela linjen: Prosumers ser en märkbar ökning i intäkter, konsumenter gynnas av nästan 30% besparingar på energiutgifter och energiåterförsäljare upptäcker nya intäktsströmmar, allt medan man främjar ett miljövänligt energilandskap. Sammanslagningen av blockchain-teknologi med energisektorn, som utforskats i denna studie, är inte bara en akademisk övning utan en kritisk utforskning av energihanteringens och handelns framtid. Genom att introducera en transparent och rättvis handelsaveny, ger plattformen prosumers möjlighet att utnyttja deras energiöverskotts sanna ekonomiska potential, vilket ytterligare incitament till spridningen av förnybar energiproduktion. I huvudsak introducerar denna avhandling mer än bara en teknologisk lösning; den presenterar en vision för energisektorns framtid.