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Cosmopolitan Peacekeeping and the Globalisation of Security.Woodhouse, Thomas, Ramsbotham, Oliver Peter January 2005 (has links)
No / UN peacekeeping is once again undergoing a period of intense critical scrutiny. Having passed through three major phases of development, from first (classical or traditional) to second (multidimensional) generation configurations, to a third phase in the mid- and late 1990s when peace support operations emerged, it currently faces another period of transition. This article speculates about the possible configuration of peacekeeping and its role in global politics. Debates about the role of peacekeeping in the international system should bring to the forefront a conception and practice of cosmopolitan peacekeeping, involving a capacity to protect civilians from violent conflict (the negative peace dimension) and a the capacity to address the human security agenda adopted by the UN in recent years.
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Le principe de l'absence d'effet suspensif des recours contentieux en droit administratif / The non-suspensive effect principle of dispute actions in french administravive lawLei, Maxime 17 March 2018 (has links)
Dans le cadre de la procédure administrative contentieuse, les recours ne sont pas pourvus d’un effet suspensif. Par conséquent, les autorités administratives ont la possibilité d’exécuter les décisions contestées jusqu’à la décision juridictionnelle. Cette situation, constitutive d’un principe, est le produit d’une philosophie contentieuse marquée par un déséquilibre à l’avantage de l’administration. Le principe de l’absence d’effet suspensif en est une des formes d’expression les plus directes tant il est susceptible de grever la protection des droits des requérants. Son étude permet indirectement de questionner la pertinence contemporaine des fondements idéologiques du droit et du contentieux administratif. Sa déconstruction fait apparaitre son caractère désuet au regard des évolutions en cours. Celles-ci, qu’elles soient propres au phénomène juridique ou qu’elles le dépassent, servent à déterminer les caractéristiques attendues des recours contentieux. La recherche d’une solution équilibrée, à mi-chemin entre efficacité administrative et protection des requérants, devient un impératif. Celui-ci sera atteint à partir d’une reconstruction de cet aspect épineux de la procédure administrative contentieuse en s’appuyant sur une analyse matérielle de la situation litigieuse. / In contentious administrative disputes, appeal actions do not trigger any suspensive effect on the case. As a consequence, the administrative authorities can enforce the appealed decisions until the court gives its final decision. This position constitutes a principle and is due to a highly unbalanced dispute philosophy, as it tends to be favourable to the administration. The non-suspensive effect principle is one of the most direct expressions of this phenomenon as it is most likely to encumber the protection of the plaintiff rights. Studying this principle allows to question the relevance, nowadays, of the ideological basis on which law and administrative disputes are built. A deconstructive analysis shows that, due to several evolutions, this principle seems to be “outdated”. These developments, whether they are part of the legal dimension or part of something bigger, help shaping the expected features of the dispute actions. Finding a balanced solution, between administrative effectiveness and protection of plaintiffs, has become an essential requirement. And this may be reached through rebuilding this rather thorny aspect of the administrative proceedings from a legal analysis of the position in controversy.
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