Coal-tar was commonly used as an internal lining for corrosion protection of water pipes from the 19th century up to the present. It is reported that these coatings can lead to elevated concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the distributed drinking water. The aim of the project was to investigate the processes and mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of these substances in drinking water distribution systems. The results presented in this project showed that the occurrence of PAHs in a distribution system was linked to the presence of the disinfectants chlorine and chlorine dioxide. This dependence could be shown in the laboratory, in a pilot-scale pipe rig as well as in field investigations in a real distribution system. Generally, hostile environmental conditions for microbiological activity such as stagnation periods and anaerobic conditions could be identified as the most important factors to favour the occurrence of PAHs in the drinking water. It was clearly shown that disturbances in the hydraulic regime such as water hammers, operation of valves and rapid increases in flow velocity can result in enhanced PAH concentrations. Immediately after stagnation periods PAH concentrations increased to levels which exceeded the prescribed concentrations of the EC-guideline of 200 ng/l. In laboratory experiments it was demonstrated that the coal-tar is a substrate for the growth of biofilms. Batch experiments and reactor experiments showed that the removal of biofilm resulted in a higher leaching rate of the PAHs into the water. Experiments concerning the potential for the formation of chlorinated PAHs as disinfection by-products from the PAHs prevalent in water distributed through coal-tar lined pipes showed that their occurrence is very unlikely under conditions prevalent in water distribution systems. A theory is presented which indicates that particles adhering to the pipe walls which can be sometimes embedded in the biofilm matrix represent a major factor in the process of the mobilisation of PAHs. The destabilisation of the biofilm matrix by hostile environmental conditions (disinfectants, aerobic conditions, oxygen limitation during stagnation periods) or enhanced shear forces on the biofilm, results in the release of particles highly contaminated with PAHs.

Legal instruments of the protection of water quality - Abstract The purpose of my thesis is to analyse a system of legal instruments of protection of quality ground and surface water. The reason for my research is fact that quality of water has an impact not only on every human being but also on the whole planet Earth because there is no life without it. The thesis is composed of six parts - introduction, four main chapters and conclusion, each of them dealing with different aspects of water protection. Short introduction outlines total amount of water and main problems lie with the actual amount of fresh water and quality of this water. Chapter One defines major sources of pollution which are point, non-point and emergency sources of pollution. The next two parts of this chapter contain actual state of quality both surface and ground water in Czech Republic. Chapter Two concentrate on relevant international, European and Czech legislation in water protection. The chapter consists of three parts. Part One focuses on international law which is based on bilateral and multilateral treaties. Part Two investigates the European Union water law with focusing on primary and secondary sources of law. Part Three looks at Czech water law. Chapter Three is subdivided into two parts and provides an outline of main aims...

The diploma thesis focuses on the design of the flow adjustment, taking into account the flood protection and revitalization of the Leskava river. The first step is creating a computing model of a river section using the programme HEC_RAS. Based on results and the course, there is an adjustment proposed and the prevention of infiltrations in the intravilan.

La gouvernance du Bassin du Nil est un vrai défi, puisqu’il s’agit de concilier les intérêts de onze Etats riverains. Son caractère instable est dû à l’existence d’une pluralité de régimes juridiques sur les eaux du Nil. Le processus d’élaboration des accords sur les eaux du Nil, explique leur disparité. Les Etats riverains ont créé un cadre coopératif, appelé Initiative du Bassin du Nil, pour tenter de faire converger leurs intérêts et promouvoir le développement régional. Or, l’étude du droit positif sur les eaux du Nil, démontre une grande instabilité politique et juridique. C’est pourquoi, nous avons tenté de chercher un moyen pour dépasser ces divergences dans une perspective de gouvernance durable du Bassin du Nil. L’harmonisation des régimes juridiques sur les eaux du Nil pourrait être une solution viable. Celle-ci repose sur la qualification des eaux du Nil de Bien Public Régional qui nécessite la réadaptation du concept de souveraineté, ce qui a conduit à proposer l’instauration d’une « souveraineté commune sur l’eau ». / The governance of the Nile Basin is a challenge as it is to reconcile the interests of the eleven riparian States. Its instability is due to the existence of a plurality of legal regimes on the Nile. The development process of the agreements on the Nile, explains their differences. The riparian States have established a cooperative framework called the Nile Basin Initiative, to try to converge their interests and promote regional development. Nevertheless, the study of the positive law on the Nile, demonstrates a great legal and political instability. Therefore, we have tried to find out a way to overcome these differences in a sustainable governance of the Nile Basin. The harmonization of legal regimes on the Nile could be a viable solution. This is based on the qualification of the Nile waters of Regional Public Good, which requires the rehabilitation of the concept of sovereignty, which led to suggest the establishing of a "common sovereignty on the water."

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate effects of natural and human activity on water quality of Budsky stream basin, futher assessing current water protection and proposing improvements in the form of differential protection zones. The basin is located on Besednice, Soběnov and Malče cadastral areas and extands to second grade of a water supply protection zone of Rimov reservoir. During terrain reconnaissance of the area were all the factors that could contribute to impaired quality of water in the basin taken into the account; from point source pollution to signs of erosion on the slopes of the basin. Futhermore the link between agricultural pollution, agricultural land erosion, land consolidation and protection of water was explained. Also pedological, hydrological and climate researches were conducted. The result is a redefined design of the water protection zones in question.

Water is an integral part of our life and waterways and areas were and still are an essential part of the public space of our cities and municipalities. We can find public space in every seat and we meet with the water on many of them. The water in public spaces appears in a different form. Whether these are minor elements, such as fountains, drinking water features, or larger water flows and water area. The water in the public space has its indispensable role. It is well known that its presence has a great impact on the well-being of man. Despite the fact that water is really important in the Interior of human settlements, over the years, water has disappeared on many places from public spaces, due to the technical development and development of settlements. The development of human settlements and public spaces takes place constantly from the time they were established. In recent years, the viewpoint of their importance is significantly changing and lot of the seats are aware of their value. The public space is like a living room of the city, thus a representative place. That´s why, the reconstructions of public space are quite often in recent years with use of water elements. The phenomenon of water surfaces is a factor which affecting the sustainable development and quality of life. Public space is not only an important functional element in the big cities. It has a great importance for smaller municipalities too. And just on them the thesis is focused. Their public space is often neglected. As well as water features in the surrounding area, which are uncared-for or extinct. Water in the form of water courses or water bodies have a great potential, in which a lot of possibilities is hidden, with which you can work in the urbanized areas. The goal of this thesis is to find a new role for the watercourses and water areas to be integrated into public space and public space, thanks to this, become a representative and functional part of the village once again.

A água, assim como o ar, é vital à sobrevivência dos seres bióticos. Para muitos autores há distinção entre "água" e "recurso hídrico". O termo "água" designa o elemento natural, enquanto a expressão "recurso hídrico" representa o valor econômico; assim, compreendido como direito fundamental e mercadoria, respectivamente. Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais (que banham mais de um estado soberano) são classificados em superficiais (rios, lagos, represas, açudes, entre outros) ou subterrâneos (aqüíferos); As reservas hídricas superficiais são de mais fácil acesso, porém escassas; já as reservas subterrâneas são de difícil acesso, mas abundantes; contudo, em ambos os casos a utilização deverá ser racional. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é quanti-qualitativa. O ser humano enquanto pessoa consciente é capaz de alterar o rumo do planeta, por meio da construção de uma nova identidade, influindo na formação de uma nova cultura. Conceitos como supranacionalidade e transnacionalidades passam a ser aceitos em nome da preservação da biodiversidade e conseqüência do próprio homem, enquanto parte do sistema ambiental, ou seja, a sociedade global passa da fase de coexistência a fase de cooperação e solidariedade. Isso porque, as relações econômicas, políticas, sociais, culturas e tecnológicas são hoje transnacionais, assim como os impactos ambientais. Assim, a proposta de elaboração da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA), organismo supranacional de proteção dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais, e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção à Água (FMIPA) desempenha significativo papel na conscientização dos seres humanos quanto à importância e a necessidade de mudanças urgentes em relação ao tema. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T17:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen Muller Flores.pdf: 686263 bytes, checksum: f76de38999e5377f0a04c5521df8d73d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T17:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen Muller Flores.pdf: 686263 bytes, checksum: f76de38999e5377f0a04c5521df8d73d (MD5)

A água, assim como o ar, é vital à sobrevivência dos seres bióticos. Para muitos autores há distinção entre "água" e "recurso hídrico". O termo "água" designa o elemento natural, enquanto a expressão "recurso hídrico" representa o valor econômico; assim, compreendido como direito fundamental e mercadoria, respectivamente. Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais (que banham mais de um estado soberano) são classificados em superficiais (rios, lagos, represas, açudes, entre outros) ou subterrâneos (aqüíferos); As reservas hídricas superficiais são de mais fácil acesso, porém escassas; já as reservas subterrâneas são de difícil acesso, mas abundantes; contudo, em ambos os casos a utilização deverá ser racional. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é quanti-qualitativa. O ser humano enquanto pessoa consciente é capaz de alterar o rumo do planeta, por meio da construção de uma nova identidade, influindo na formação de uma nova cultura. Conceitos como supranacionalidade e transnacionalidades passam a ser aceitos em nome da preservação da biodiversidade e conseqüência do próprio homem, enquanto parte do sistema ambiental, ou seja, a sociedade global passa da fase de coexistência a fase de cooperação e solidariedade. Isso porque, as relações econômicas, políticas, sociais, culturas e tecnológicas são hoje transnacionais, assim como os impactos ambientais. Assim, a proposta de elaboração da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA), organismo supranacional de proteção dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais, e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção à Água (FMIPA) desempenha significativo papel na conscientização dos seres humanos quanto à importância e a necessidade de mudanças urgentes em relação ao tema.

The thesis deals with the legal regulation of territorial protection of water in terms of quantity, which is contained in the Water Act. I am only focusing on the Protected Areas of Natural Water Accumulation and Surface Water Accumulation Protected Areas as they have significant potential to reduce the effects of drought. Both areas are viewed through common problem, which is the point of view of the amount of water. The legal regulation of the territorial protection of waters in terms of quantity is discussed in connection with other laws. The aim of this work is to answer the question whether the legal regulation of territorial protection of waters in terms of quantity in the Water Act is sufficient to enable the Czech Republic to adapt adequately to the ongoing climate change, that ultimately causes the loss of water. The first part of the thesis deals with sources of legal regulation of territorial protection of water in terms of quantity, further includes the systematics of the Water Act and the Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Czech Republic (Adaptation Strategy of the Czech Republic). The second part analyses the Protected Areas of Natural Water Accumulation, prohibitions therein contained prohibitions, exemption from prohibitions and damage compensation. The third part deals...

The thesis is concerned with an appraisal of capacity of channel and design of suitable measures for environmental protection. Solved segment is located in the channel of Český potok in RK 0,000 – 6,366. The channel is flowing through villages of Čelechovice na Hané, Smržice a Držovice in solved segment. Within own solution the locality was divided into three partial sections, which is enabling clearer description of the proposed measures. Flood measures are proposed in several variants for each partial section. Calculations of flow capacity and water surface for the selected N-year flows were performed by using the program of HEC - RAS 4.1.0. Proposed solutions to flood measures are processed in the drawings documentation.