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A Distance Protection System based on the Transputer has been developed in which the Distance Protection Scheme is modelled in Occam, a parallel processing language designed to support the concept of communicating sequential processes running on the Transputer. Two Data Acquisition arrangements have been investigated, one controlled by an Interfacing Transputer via Link Adaptors, the other making use of existing Protection Data Acquisition equipment controlled by the Interfacing Transputer through Dual Port RAM. In both cases other similar additional Transputer modules are interconnected with the Interfacing Transputer to form a parallel processing system for a Distance Protection Scheme. The Occam model of the Protection System has been developed around a central control program (Harness) which can be easily modified to accommodate different Protection algorithms. In addition the Occam Protection Harness incorporates features to allow it to fail safely or run on a single Transputer version of the Harness should the Transputer network fail. This arrangement provides a new approach in the development of Protection systems using multiple processing elements with an Occam Protection Harness that can accommodate different algorithms and Trip logic schemes. The Thesis describes the design of the system and indicates its performance capabilities and limitations. This research indicates that a full three phase distance protection scheme can be realised using four Transputers running simple short data window impedance calculating algorithms, together with post impedance processing and Trip logic. More complex algorithms will require additional faster Transputers but can be realised using the same Occam Protection Harness.

The scope for this project will be to explore, define and satisfy the current need for protection devices against air pollution. The outline for the project will be to explore the matter from an entrepreneurial perspective where the lev­el of feasibility will be of great importance. Cost efficiency, branding and market are all important factors that should align with the product design process and outcome.

This thesis presents three studies on the regulation of externalities. In the first chapter we use a two-period model to analyse the reform of environmental policy when enforcement is incomplete. We show that in evaluating such reforms it is important to differentiate between two types of non-compliers which react to regulatory reform in qualitatively distinct ways. In Chapter 2 we show the problems caused by using the 'ALARA' criterion when the supply of new technologies of environmental protection is endogenous. The difference between the ALARA rule and the socially optimal rule is characterised and it is shown that the difference depends upon whether the source of technical change is R&D effort or learning-by-doing. In the third chapter we examine the externalities which are created by a particular type of regulation, and show the gains from self-regulation which are thus generated. Though each chapter discusses a particular industry or class of industries, the results obtained are argued to have more general validity.

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The objective of the research was to assess the effects of tannins in ruminant nutrition and the ameliorating effects of polymers.  It also aimed to investigate and propose an improved method for determining concentrations of condensed tannins using the Butanol/HCl assay (Porter et al., 1986). The study has found tannins to suppress microbial growth, carbohydrate degradation and fermentation of mixed rumen microbes and of fungus.

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The Thesis presents an in-depth study of arcing behaviour of H. B. C. Fuses for a range of fuse elements and fillers, under critical current conditions. The methodologies used were the standard breaking capacity short-circuit test plus the application of crow-bar, Xray studies, metallographic microscopic and optical fiber arc detection techniques. Due to the observation of some unknown and puzzling arc phenomena it was decided to pursue the arc investigation by an extensive test programme of single uniform wire fuse elements. From the investigation a basic arc mechanism for the pre-peak and post-peak arcs period was discovered. The new mechanism was applied to single wire, strip, long notched, medium notched and short notched fuse elements and to paralleled wires and strips immersed in three quartz filler types: standard sand, high quality granular quartz and bound quartz in two different sizes. The proposed arc mechanism was modelled by a computer program which was used to simulate the described fuse constructions. The results of over 800 tests and subsequent simulation undoubtedly confirm that the proposed arc mechanism is applicable for the described fuse types. The experimental and analytical results are close enough to justify the model application for fuse designers and fuse users. A critical comparison of the experimental and analytical results with previous findings published by other researchers is presented. A detailed arc mechanism and the key behaviour rules are proposed, they are: " Maximum column voltage can not exceed the arc-root voltage. " The arc-root voltage and the initial dv/dt values are influenced by filler characteristics and are able to precisely characterize the filler behaviour. " The dv/dt, and consequently the burn-back are instantaneous current density functions. The application of the above rules allows the fuse designer to tailor the fuse element in order to obtain specific current and arc voltage waveforms. It is believed that the proposed arc mechanism and computer model is able to explain some puzzling are phenomena and eventually could be applied to predicting other low overload H. B. C. fuse behaviour.

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